This study aimed to assess the association between achievement, and within-person change in achievement, of lifestyle recommendations in middle-age and incidence of the most common potentially ...preventable cancers. We used data from 44,572 participants from the Swedish Västerbotten Intervention Programme who had attended at least two health checks 9–11 years apart. We assessed the association between the mean number of healthy lifestyle recommendations achieved (lifestyle score), and change in lifestyle score between the health checks, and risk of one or more of the eight most common potentially preventable cancers using Cox regression. Participants were followed-up for 11.0 (SD 4.9) years. A higher mean lifestyle score was associated with a lower hazard of cancer in men (HR 0.81 (95%CI 0.74–0.90) per unit increase) and women (HR 0.90 (0.84–0.96)). There was no evidence of a linear association between change in lifestyle score and risk (HR 0.93 (0.85–1.03) and HR 1.004 (0.94–1.07) per unit change for men and women respectively). When comparing those with an increase in lifestyle score of ≥2 with those who improved less or declined in achievement the HR was 0.74 (0.54–1.00) and 1.02 (0.84–1.24) for men and women respectively. These findings support the inclusion of lifestyle recommendations in cancer prevention guidelines. They further suggest that interventions to change health behaviours in middle-age may reduce risk of the most common preventable cancers in men, but this association was not observed in women. Strategies to encourage healthy lifestyles earlier in the life course may be more effective.
•Meeting more lifestyle recommendations in middle-age reduces cancer incidence.•Each additional recommendation met is associated with a 10–19% decrease in rate.•Change in middle-age to achieve ≥2 more recommendations may reduce cancer rate in men.•Up to 23% of chosen cancers might be prevented if all men achieved ≥2 more recommendations.•Change in middle-age is not associated with incident cancer in women.
The study intended to identify the problems of the farmers and prioritise them for extension intervention. The study was facilitated by the political head of the department within a hundred days of ...the resumption of duty. Meetings were facilitated through district offices of both the department and municipalities. The identification of farmers’ problems focused mainly on production, financial and infrastructural projects.Data was collected through a participatory rural appraisal approach. Farmers were allowed to express problems affecting them in a meeting setup. The extension officers (E.O) captured problems expressed by farmers and classify them according to the questionnaire template developed.The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to capture and analyse data. The data was presented to extension officers and management of DARD. The major findings of the study revealed that :( 1) Water supply, (2) Availability of land, (3) Livestock theft, (4) production inputs, (5) Machinery, and (6) fencing were major problems of the farmers. The recommendation of the study was that: (a) Problems be resolved according to their importance and (b) preference for implementation of extension intervention programmes to be a bottom-up than a top-down approach.
The choline oxidation pathway and metabolites involved have been linked to diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. A healthy Nordic diet is a recently defined dietary ...pattern associated with decreased risk for these diseases. Our aim was to explore associations between adherence to a healthy Nordic diet and plasma concentrations of metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway.
The Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) and Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) were applied to cross-sectional data (n = 969) from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme in Northern Sweden to score adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. Data included responses to a dietary questionnaire and blood sample analyses (1991-2008). Associations of diet scores with plasma concentrations of metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway and total homocysteine (tHcy), seven metabolites in total, were evaluated with linear regression, adjusting for age, BMI, education and physical activity.
HNFI scores showed linear relationships with plasma choline (β = 0.11), betaine (β = 0.46), serine (β = 0.98) and tHcy (β = - 0.38), and BSDS scores with betaine (β = 0.13) and tHcy (β = - 0.13); unstandardized beta coefficients, all significant at P < 0.05. The regression models predicted changes in plasma metabolite concentrations (± 1 SD changes in diet score) in the range of 1-5% for choline, betaine, serine and tHcy. No other statistically significant associations were observed.
A healthy Nordic diet was associated with plasma concentrations of several metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway. Although relationships were statistically significant, effect sizes were moderate. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and associations with health outcomes.
Difficulties in implementing effective instruction for at‐risk students arise from two challenges: the transfer of evidence‐based knowledge and the lack of economic resources. Computer‐assisted ...programmes offer a suitable solution, providing quality instruction using low‐cost resources. Thirty‐two first‐grade students with early learning difficulties were identified and paired based on at least three of the pre‐intervention reading measures (reading efficiency of monosyllabic and disyllabic items, words, pseudowords and text reading speed). Each pair was assigned to one of two different intervention programmes: a computer‐assisted intervention programme (CAIP) focused on syllables or the programme provided by the Spanish State School Assistance Services (SSAS). Every week, the CAIP participants received in pairs four 15‐min training sessions on syllable decoding plus one 30‐min group comprehension session. The CAIP was delivered by trainee students. The SSAS programme typically consisted of a 1‐hr individual or in small groups sessions per week delivered by trained practitioners. Both programmes were administered for 11 weeks. The CAIP intervention showed better results than the SSAS intervention for both decoding and comprehension, with moderate to large effect sizes.
Lay Description
What is already known about this topic
Implementing effective instruction for at‐risk students presents two challenges: evidence‐based knowledge transfer and lack of economic resources.
The use of computer‐assisted programmes to provide quality instruction for at‐risk students is not a common practise in the Spanish context.
What this paper adds
A comparison between a computer‐assisted instructional programme (CAIP) and a programme provided by the Spanish State School Assistance Services (SSAS).
A programme designed to be applied by professionals or non‐professionals with minor guidance.
The CAIP intervention showed better results after 11 weeks of application, replicating the positive effects of computer programmes in other languages.
Implications for practise and/or policy
Findings showed that computer programmes represent an effective tool for the transfer of scientific knowledge to educational practise with little economic cost, minor teaching training and short time.
Background: Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus status is a key tool in the fight against the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic.
Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the ...impact of community-based intervention towards the prevention and control of human immunodeficiency virus on the voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus among allied workers in rural Bonny Kingdom of Rivers, State, Nigeria.
Methods: The study comprised two quantitative surveys; the baseline survey conducted before a three years human immunodeficiency virus prevention intervention programs and the post-intervention survey conducted after the interventions. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect information from a representative sample of the allied workers aged 15–49 years. The questionnaire item for this survey is broadly divided into six categories comprising the basic socio-demographic information, the knowledge of HIV testing, desire for HIV testing, self and solution efficacy; access to products and services including voluntary counselling and testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.
Results: The study comprised 419 participants in the baseline and 587 in the post-intervention survey. The overall knowledge of voluntary counselling and testing services was 76.8% of which 37.5% have been tested and 88.9% of which 68.0% have been tested at both surveys. Three of every 5(67.0%) had the desire to be tested at baseline while- 4 of every 5(81.1%) were willing to be tested at post-intervention. The major reasons for unwillingness to be screened include poor perception about voluntary counselling and testing and feeling of not being at risk. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency at baseline was 8.5% and 2.0% at the post-intervention survey with a prevalence ratio of 4.3 (p<0.0001. HIV prevalence was 12.4% among women compared 4.8% in men at baseline. The prevalence among adolescents was12.0% and 10.1% among singles.
Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that the struggle to prevent and control human immunodeficiency can be successful if intervention programs are put in place, particularly in rural communities where acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related information is limited.
Introduction
The first years after a first-episode psychosis are crucial, and a comprehensive approach is essential.
Objectives
Our objective is to observe the characteristics of patients attending ...Early Psychosis Intervention Programme in (PITP) of the Mental Health Clinical Management Unit (UGC) of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga between the years 2016-2020.
Methods
Data for this retrospective study were derived from 135 patients included in the PITP database between the years 2016-2020 from the Mental Health UGC of the Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. For the comparison of variables, Student’s t was used for quantitative variables and Chi square for dichotomous ones.
Results
68% of the patients were men, compared to 32% women. The mean age of the patients at the beginning of the Programme was 30.76 years. 85% were 40 years or younger. 67.4% lived with their family of origin. 58.5% of the patients have had at least one hospitalization in Psychiatry. 45.9% of the patients were smokers, 33.3% consumed alcohol and 59.3% consumed other drugs. From the patients who started the Programme, 38.5% continue with the follow-up, 22.2% were discharged and 39.3% abandoned it. More results will be presented on the poster.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the patients included in the PITP of our UGC present characteristics compatible with the current bibliography. The high percentage of withdrawal from the Programme stands out, this being a very important point to address and improve.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Studing the scope of differences found in terms of gender in First Psychotic Episodes patients, should enhance our understanding of such disorders and improve the therapeutic approaches.
...Objectives
Our main objective was to compare the sociodemographic variables between men and women included in the Early Intervention Program in Psychosis of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga between the years 2016-2020.
Methods
Retrospective study in which the characteristics of 135 patients who started the Early Intervention Program in Psychosis of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga between the years 2016-2020 were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. For the comparison of variables, Student’s t was used for quantitative variables and Chi square for dichotomous variables.
Results
Patients included in the Program; 32% were women and 68% were men. The average of age at the beginning was 35.56 for women and 28,47 for men. Most of the women were married and most of the men were single. The majority of men lived with their original family and for women with their own family. In relation with the consumption of toxins, alcohol and to smoke, were more frequent in men. More results in poster.
Conclusions
Despite the limitations due to our study design, the results obtained are in agreement with some of the discussions that are currently in force. Given that, female gender is associated with lower risk of psychosis, better premorbid adjustment, lower drug consumption and a later onset of the disease in the first-episode psychosis.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) has fallen over the last decade, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).
To assess the existence of concomitant trends in outcomes ...and to analyse the current risk factors for mortality.
A multicentre retrospective cohort study was conducted at 24 Catalan hospitals participating in the Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in Catalonia (VINCat). All hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed from January 2010 to December 2019 were included. A common protocol including epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data was prospectively completed. Mortality at 30 days after bacteraemia onset was analysed using the Cox regression model.
Over the study period, 4795 episodes of CRBSI were diagnosed. Among them, 75% were acquired in conventional wards and central venous catheters were the most frequently involved (61%). The 30-day mortality rate was 13.8%, presenting a significant downward trend over the study period: from 17.9% in 2010 to 10.6% in 2019 (hazard ratio (HR): 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92–0.98). The multivariate analysis identified age (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04), femoral catheter (1.78; 1.33–2.38), medical ward acquisition (2.07; 1.62–2.65), ICU acquisition (3.45; 2.7–4.41), S. aureus (1.59; 1.27–1.99) and Candida sp. (2.19; 1.64–2.94) as risk factors for mortality, whereas the mortality rate associated with episodes originating in peripheral catheters was significantly lower (0.69; 0.54–0.88).
Mortality associated with CRBSI has fallen in recent years but remains high. Intervention programmes should focus especially on ICUs and medical wards, where incidence and mortality rates are highest.
Ever since domestic violence gained prominence on the social policy agenda, the focus of interventions has been on victims. A range of studies on social work/social welfare note the invisibility ...and/or lack of interventions aimed at domestic violence perpetrators. The exception has been perpetrator programmes (known in the USA as batterer intervention programmes, or BIPs), which increasingly receive referrals from social workers. However, there remains ongoing disagreement internationally about their effectiveness. Part of this disagreement stems from the failure to consider a broad range of potential outcomes, with most research focusing on an overly narrow understanding of what 'success' means (as no subsequent police callouts or incidents of physical violence). A total of seventy-three interviews with men on programmes, their partners/ex-partners, programme staff, and funders and commissioners were undertaken to explore what 'success' meant from their perspectives. Findings reveal that success needs to be redefined and connected not just to criminal justice, but also to health and social care agendas.
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