Abstract
This study seeks to answer what is understood by the psychosocial and how this is implemented based on the experiences of those who apply it in Chilean justice institutions—specifically ...social workers and psychologists. A qualitative study was conducted in two regions of Chile with a high number of intervened cases in justice institutions. Results show that the psychosocial approach is a way to understand and address a complex social problem beyond the limits of psychological and social methods. However, even when this framework is theoretically considered throughout a professional’s formation, it may not be evident when applied in practice. Overall, the effort to incorporate this knowledge in justice needs to be expanded to achieve better interventions.
Based on the experiences of Chilean social workers and psychologists practising in justice institutions across two regions of Chile, this study seeks to answer what is understood by the psychosocial and how this is implemented in these institutions. Findings show that the psychosocial concept is still under construction for practitioners, implemented mainly through interdisciplinary interventions.
El artículo analiza el rol del campo psicosocial en la justicia familiar en Chile como un modo de gestión y abordaje de la vulnerabilidad. Metodológicamente, se basa en un trabajo de campo ...cualitativo a través de entrevistas a profesionales psicosociales del área de la justicia familiar y observaciones a Tribunales de Familia de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Se realiza una breve revisión sociohistórica de lo psicosocial en la acción pública y, en particular, del rol ocupado por profesionales no formados en derecho en los espacios de justicia familiar creados al alero de las reformas de finales del siglo XX. Luego, se reflexiona sobre las tensiones del ejercicio profesional de estos actores, específicamente en el tratamiento de denuncias por violencia de pareja en contexto intrafamiliar. Concluimos que el despliegue del campo de lo psicosocial en los espacios jurídicos resulta fundamental en el marco de las nuevas exigencias de la acción pública, las cuales requieren la inclusión del enfoque de la vulnerabilidad. Esto también está altamente asociado con el cumplimiento del mandato de eficiencia requerido a nivel procedimental por el nuevo sistema de justicia familiar.
Criminal sanctions, in spite of their obvious limitations, play an important role in the prevention of juvenile crime. In spite of international admonitions against the use of detention, Vietnam like ...many other South-East Asian countries still relies heavily on the deprivation of liberty, in both specialized juvenile institutions and adult prisons, in handling juvenile offenders. Because imprisonment, according to international standards, is meant to be used only as a last resort and for the shortest period of time possible, juvenile justice research has tended to ignore what is going on in places of detention and focus instead on diversion and alternatives to detention. This article focuses on Vietnamese law concerning the prison regimes applicable to juvenile detainees and the extent to which it complies with internationally accepted standards and norms. It reviews existing measures for the protection of juveniles against all forms of violence during their incarceration, including abusive disciplinary measures and the absence of independent oversight of prisons. It also considers arguments for and against the building of juvenile prisons to separate juveniles from adults as required by article 37 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It concludes with recommendations for legal reforms.
El principio de proporcionalidad procesal ha tenido desarrollo en países como Canadá, Reino Unido, Australia y Nueva Zelanda. Sin embargo, no ha sido objeto de mayores estudios o regulaciones en ...América Latina. Su consagración, adaptación y aplicación en los sistemas latinoamericanos, será de gran utilidad para fortalecer la Justicia Civil. Analizamos la idea de proporcionalidad, el marco conceptual del principio, sus fortalezas y debilidades y las aplicaciones prácticas, especialmente en Canadá, generando insumos para el análisis de su aplicación en Latinoamérica.
El artículo analiza el rol del campo psicosocial en la justicia familiar en Chile como un modo de gestión y abordaje de la vulnerabilidad. Metodológicamente, se basa en un trabajo de campo ...cualitativo a través de entrevistas a profesionales psicosociales del área de la justicia familiar y observaciones a Tribunales de Familia de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Se realiza una breve revisión sociohistórica de lo psicosocial en la acción pública y, en particular, del rol ocupado por profesionales no formados en derecho en los espacios de justicia familiar creados al alero de las reformas de finales del siglo XX. Luego, se reflexiona sobre las tensiones del ejercicio profesional de estos actores, específicamente en el tratamiento de denuncias por violencia de pareja en contexto intrafamiliar. Concluimos que el despliegue del campo de lo psicosocial en los espacios jurídicos resulta fundamental en el marco de las nuevas exigencias de la acción pública, las cuales requieren la inclusión del enfoque de la vulnerabilidad. Esto también está altamente asociado con el cumplimiento del mandato de eficiencia requerido a nivel procedimental por el nuevo sistema de justicia familiar. The article analyzes the emergence of the psychosocial field in family justice in Chile as a way of managing and addressing vulnerability. This paper is based on a qualitative field work through interviews with psychosocial professionals in the area of family justice and observations to Family Courts in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile. We carry out a brief socio-historical review of psychosocial issues in public action and of the role played by untrained legal professionals in the family justice spaces created in the aftermath of the reforms at the end of the 20th century. Then we reflect on the tensions of the professional exercise of these actors, particularly in the treatment of complaints of domestic violence. We conclude that the deployment of the psychosocial field in legal spaces is fundamental in the framework of the new demands of public action that require the inclusion of the vulnerability approach, but that this is also highly associated with the fulfillment of the efficiency mandate required at the procedural level by the new family justice system. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1239
This study attempts to promulgate a method called ‘hermeneutics of appropriation’ as a thematic approach of a scientific research. ‘Hermeneutics’ is not the same as ‘appropriation’; hermeneutics ...refers to a science of interpretation, whereas appropriation depicts an idea of adoption. Hermeneutics of appropriation employs themes (hence, thematic analysis) as opposed to contextual biblical hermeneutics that focuses largely on contemporary interpretation of biblical narratives. Thus, adopting the phrase ‘hermeneutics of appropriation’ presents the idea of a scientific interpretation of a theme that is applied in a differing context from which it originated. The present study aims at highlighting some dynamics that illustrate contextual biblical interpretation as a biased approach. Having presented such dynamics, the study will then suggest the employment of hermeneutics of appropriation in which relevant themes from the biblical text are utilised in a hermeneutical discourse. A dialogue with various previous contributions that conferred on contextual biblical hermeneutics will illuminate the above notion. With regard to hermeneutics of appropriation, representative examples of themes from the Judean postexilic context to be appropriated in the Zimbabwean postcolonial discourse comprises of two aspects: (1) geopolitical and socioeconomic crises and (2) Nehemiah’s social justice reforms. The latter consists of five subthemes: public hearing to rebuke the leadership, condemnation of usury, payment of tax, return of personal property to the owner and food donation to the needy.
As the Republic of Macedonia (RM) is on its way to the European Union (EU), we consider it important to analyze the level of rule of law as one of the preconditions for membership. The issue of rule ...of law in the RM has been debated by other scholars over the years, but not from a ten-year perspective involving the evaluation of relevant international authorities. The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the shortcomings in the functioning of the rule of law in RM. As a framework of this research, the relevant data on the rule of law in the countries of Southeast Europe, the annual progress reports of the European Commission on the rule of law in the RM, the evaluations of other international actors, the results of previous research, such as government documents and institutional reforms devoted to the rule of law are used. The critical assessment of the functioning of the rule of law in the RM in this research should create a positive and motivating effect for the political authorities to reform the justice system in accordance with the needs of the citizens and the key Euro-integration processes. Finally, we will draw conclusions and make suggestions to serve the wider academic community, policymakers, and stakeholders who may raise issues as a problem that requires appropriate treatment.
La justice de proximité occupe, depuis plusieurs années, une place centrale dans les tentatives de réforme de la justice.Nonobstant la fréquence de son usage, la notion est dépourvue d'une définition ...clairement circonscrite par le droit positif et ne dispose pas davantage d'un statut théorique incontestable établi par la doctrine. De ce constat naît une interrogation fondamentale : quel sens donner à la justice de proximité ? Distincte de la proximité de la justice, la justice de proximité doit être appréhendée dans sa double acception pénale et civile. Tandis que la justice pénale de proximité renvoie à un mouvement de diversification du circuit de traitement des infractions de faible et moyenne gravité par la recherche d'une ou plusieurs formes de rapprochement entre la justice et le citoyen, la justice civile de proximité vise, par cette même méthode, à améliorer l'accès à la justice des litiges dont l'enjeu économique est faible ou modéré. Ainsi entendue, la justice de proximité repose sur la mise en oeuvre d'une pluralité d'instruments procéduraux et organisationnels au sein de l'institution judiciaire. Leur examen révèle les ambiguïtés dont ils sont parfois porteurs ainsi que leur manque de lisibilité et de cohérence. Cependant, certains mécanismes correcteurs sont envisageables afin que les imperfections de ces instruments ne compromettent pas irrémédiablement l'intérêt que présente la notion en vue de garantir la confiance des citoyens dans la justice.
The french expression ''justice de proximité" has been holding a specific place within the proposals for justice reforms for many years. Despite its increasing use, the concept is not clearly defined -or understood- in our discipline not even in a theoretical way. Thus, a new interrogation appears : how can we understand the precise meaning of such a concept ? Far from being defined as the "closeness justice", the notion of "justice de proximité" gets a double meaning :a criminal one and a civil one. While the first one puts the stress on the diversity in the way we deal with minor and major offenses- mainly through partnerships between the justice and the citizen- the civil dimension of the community justice concept aims at allowing to go to court all the contentions with low economical consequences. As far as this definition is right, the community justice relies on putting into practice several types of both procedural and organizational tools. A through analysis of the tools previously mentioned demonstrates a Jack of transparency and consistency. Nevertheless, some of them can be useful since they guarantee the citizens' confidence in their own justice.
This paper aims to analyze the impact of justice reform on entrepreneurship in China, utilizing a staggered difference-in-differences model. The research reveals that the implementation of justice ...reform has a sizable positive effect on entrepreneurship, both statistically and economically significant. The influence is more pronounced in areas with higher trust, lower legal environment, and in rural areas. Government quality and innovation are two possible mechanisms. This paper emphasizes the significant role of the justice environment in fostering business innovation and entrepreneurship, and highlights the economic significance of government quality, providing a new perspective for encouraging entrepreneurship.
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