To gain a more nuanced understanding of social mobility in a globalized world, in this article I suggest studying the link between social and spatial mobility by exploring social positions in ...relation to international migration. While migration is often portrayed as a gateway to social mobility, migration scholars have highlighted that transnational spaces and intersecting inequalities may shape social mobility in complex ways. However, little is known about the subjective experiences of spatial and social mobility. Therefore, based on a study of subjective social positions among people who have relocated to Germany, I discuss the implications for a research design that enables social scientists to assess social mobility in contexts of international migration and to explore the spatial dimension in shaping social mobility trajectories. Specifically, I will argue for linking empirical findings from narrative interviews with concepts of space, capitals, and social comparison as well as transnational and intersectional theories. As I will show, this way of inquiring into the social-spatial mobility nexus allows for investigating the complex ways in which spaces affect social mobility, and thus provides a promising gateway to better understand social mobility as a process shaped by both time and space.
In diesem Beitrag geht es vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Neokapitaltheorien um Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten eines spirituellen bzw. religiösen Kapitals und die solchen Kapitalformen zugrunde liegenden ...Begriffe von Religion und Spiritualität. Ein eigener Ansatz wird in die Diskussion gebracht, der eine Ausdifferenzierung in spiritualisierendes und spirituelles, exoterisches religiöses und esoterisches religiöses Kapital vorschlägt. Die vorgeschlagenen Begriffe werden anhand aktueller Entwicklungen in der afrobrasilianischen Candomblé-Religion erörtert.
'This expert guide to the political economy of Marx's Capital has always been the very best available' - David Harvey This brilliantly concise book is the classic companion to Karl Marx’s most ...well-known work, Capital. In print now for over a quarter of a century, and translated into many languages, this new edition has been fully revised and updated, making it an ideal modern introduction to one of the most important texts in political and economic thought today. The authors cover all central aspects of Marx’s economics. They explain the structure of Marx’s analysis and the meaning of the key categories in Capital, showing the internal coherence of Marx’s approach, and their relevance today. Marx’s method and terminology are explored in detail, with supporting examples. Short chapters set out the significance of Marx’s main concepts and can be grasped easily, making it a practical text for anyone with an interest in understanding Marx’s magnum opus. Discussing Capital’s relevance today, the authors keep abstract theorising to a minimum. This readable introduction highlights the continuing relevance of Marx’s ideas in the light of the problems of contemporary capitalism.
This paper analyzes the quantitative contribution of capital-skill complementarity in accounting for rising wage inequality, as in Krusell, Ohanian, Rios-Rull, and Violante (KORV, 2000). We study how ...well the KORV framework accounts for more recent data, including the large changes in labor's share of income that occurred after the KORV estimation period ended. We also study how using information and communications technology (ICT) capital as the complementary capital stock affects the model's implications for inequality and overall model fit. We find significant evidence for continued capital-skill complementarity across all model permutations we analyze. Despite nearly 30 years of additional data, we find very little change to the original KORV estimates of substitution elasticities when the total stock of capital equipment is used as the complementary capital stock. We find much more capital-skill complementarity when ICT capital is used. The KORV framework continues to closely account for rising wage inequality through 2019, though it misses the three percentage points decline in labor's share of income that has occurred since 2000.
This ambitious book presents a comprehensive new 'macro-monetary' interpretation of Marx's logical method in Capital, based on substantial textual evidence, and concludes that, contrary to the ...prevailing view, there is no 'transformation problem' in Marx's theory of prices of production in Volume III.
Questions about the nature of money have gained a new urgency in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Even as many people have less of it, there are more forms and systems of money, from ...local currencies and social lending to mobile money and Bitcoin. Yet our understanding of what money is-and what it might be-hasn't kept pace. InThe Social Life of Money, Nigel Dodd, one of today's leading sociologists of money, reformulates the theory of the subject for a postcrisis world in which new kinds of money are proliferating.
What counts as legitimate action by central banks that issue currency and set policy? What underpins the right of nongovernmental actors to create new currencies? And how might new forms of money surpass or subvert government-sanctioned currencies? To answer such questions,The Social Life of Moneytakes a fresh and wide-ranging look at modern theories of money.
One of the book's central concerns is how money can be wrested from the domination and mismanagement of banks and governments and restored to its fundamental position as the "claim upon society" described by Georg Simmel. But rather than advancing yet another critique of the state-based monetary system,The Social Life of Moneydraws out the utopian aspects of money and the ways in which its transformation could in turn transform society, politics, and economics. The book also identifies the contributions of thinkers who have not previously been thought of as monetary theorists-including Nietzsche, Benjamin, Bataille, Deleuze and Guattari, Baudrillard, Derrida, and Hardt and Negri. The result provides new ways of thinking about money that seek not only to understand it but to change it.
Marx’s Capital van der Linden, Marcel M; Hubmann, Gerald
05/2018, Volume:
159
eBook
This collection of essays attempts to develop a more comprehensive and accurate picture of Marx as an economic theoretician, based on the publication in 2013 of all the known economic writings of ...Marx and Engels in the Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA).
Abstract
Several scholars argue that high agricultural productivity can retard industrial development because it draws resources toward the comparative advantage sector, agriculture. However, ...agricultural productivity growth can increase savings and the supply of capital, generating an expansion of the capital-intensive sector, manufacturing. We highlight this mechanism in a simple model and test its predictions in the context of a large and exogenous increase in agricultural productivity due to the adoption of genetically engineered soy in Brazil. We find that agricultural productivity growth generated an increase in savings, but these were not reinvested locally. Instead, there were capital outflows from rural areas. Capital reallocated toward urban regions, where it was invested in the industrial and service sectors. The degree of financial integration affected the speed of structural transformation. Regions that were more financially integrated with soy-producing areas through bank branch networks experienced faster growth in nonagricultural lending. Within these regions, firms with preexisting relationships with banks receiving funds from the soy area experienced faster growth in borrowing and employment.
•A set of constraints for the cash balance are included in net present value optimization.•A scheduler is introduced which improves capital feasibility for three distinct cash flow models.•The ...proposed method shows considerable improvement to project feasibility.•The impact of project parameters on net present value and capital feasibility is analyzed.
In this paper, we study the capital-constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows (CCPSPDC) and the capital- and resource-constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows (CRCPSPDC). The objective of both problems is to maximize the project net present value (NPV), based on three cash flow models. Both problems include capital constraints, which force the project to always have a positive cash balance. Hence, it is crucial to schedule activities in such an order that sufficient capital is available.
The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose three distinct cash flow models, which affect the capital availability during the project. Second, we introduce two new schedulers to improve capital feasibility, one for the CCPSPDC and one for the CRCPSPDC. The schedulers focus on delaying sets of activities, which cause cash outflows to be received at later time instances, in order to reduce capital shortages. Both schedulers are implemented as part of three metaheuristics from literature, in order to compare the metaheuristics’ performance. Two penalty functions have been included, one to improve capital feasibility and another to improve deadline feasibility. Third, the proposed procedure has been tested on a large dataset and the added value of the schedulers has been validated. Managerial insights are provided with respect to the impact of key parameters.
This study investigates the efficacy of zero‐interest early payment financing (alternatively referred to as early payment) and positive‐interest in‐house factoring financing in a pull supply chain ...with a capital‐constrained manufacturer selling a product through a capital‐abundant retailer. Early payment is the prepayment of a wholesale cost to the manufacturer, whereas in‐house factoring is a loan service provided to the manufacturer by a branch financing firm of the same retailer. We find that the retailer prefers early payment financing to bank financing when the manufacturer’s production cost is low. If the retailer instead offers positive‐interest in‐house factoring financing to the manufacturer, then the financing equilibrium domain enlarges as compared to bank financing. Interestingly, early payment financing can outplay positive‐interest in‐house factoring financing if the production cost is considerably low; otherwise, vice versa. When the production cost is big enough, the retailer will not provide either early payment or in‐house factoring. Furthermore, our main qualitative result sustains with an identical wholesale price across all three financing schemes and the financing equilibrium domain of early payment shrinks as demand variability grows.
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