This fascinating Handbook defines how knowledge contributes to social and economic life, and vice versa. It considers the five areas critical to acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the ...knowledge economy: the nature of the knowledge economy; social, cooperative, cultural, creative, ethical and intellectual capital; knowledge and innovation systems; policy analysis for knowledge-based economies; and knowledge management.
The World Inequality Report: 2018 is the most authoritative and up-to-date account of global trends in inequality. Researched, compiled, and written by a team of the world's leading economists of ...inequality, it presents—with unrivaled clarity and depth—information and analysis that will be vital to policy makers and scholars everywhere.Inequality has taken center stage in public debate as the wealthiest people in most parts of the world have seen their share of the economy soar relative to that of others, many of whom, especially in the West, have experienced stagnation. The resulting political and social pressures have posed harsh new challenges for governments and created a pressing demand for reliable data. The World Inequality Lab at the Paris School of Economics and the University of California, Berkeley, has answered this call by coordinating research into the latest trends in the accumulation and distribution of income and wealth on every continent. This inaugural report analyzes the Lab's findings, which include data from major countries where information has traditionally been difficult to acquire, such as China, India, and Brazil. Among nations, inequality has been decreasing as traditionally poor countries' economies have caught up with the West. The report shows, however, that inequality has been steadily deepening within almost every nation, though national trajectories vary, suggesting the importance of institutional and policy frameworks in shaping inequality. The World Inequality Report: 2018 will be a key document for anyone concerned about one of the most imperative and contentious subjects in contemporary politics and economics.
This paper studies the effect of community identity on investment behaviour in the knitted garment industry in the South Indian town of Tirupur. We document very large and systematic differences in ...both levels of capital stock and the capital intensity of production in firms owned by people from two different community groups. We argue that the differences in investment cannot be explained by productivity differences alone. We suggest that the most likely explanation is that the two communities differ in their access to capital.
/ Das Wichtigste in Kürze
Der Beitrag skizziert grundsätzliche Veränderungen in den Rahmenbedingungen von Jugendpolitik und deren Konsequenzen für die Bearbeitung gesellschaftlich erzeugter Probleme ...durch Soziale Arbeit. Dabei werden vor allem zwei Widerspruchsebenen beleuchtet: die soziale Polarisierung (und deren ideologische Legitimation durch Prozesse jugendlicher Autoritarisierung in Richtung normalisiertem Sozialdarwinismus) sowie die steigende Kommerzialisierung, Instrumentalisierung und Militarisierung jugendlicher Denk- und Handlungskontexte.
Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-first Century has focused attention on the dramatic rise in economic inequality that has occurred in the United States and Europe over the past four decades. ...This paper argues that his account of the mechanisms that determine the distribution of income and wealth in a capitalist economy is unconvincing, for it rests on a tautology and on a spurious hypothesis about how the savings rate, the growth rate, and the capital/income ratio are connected.
Purpose - Selecting appropriate variables for analytical studies is critical for the validity of analysis. It is the same with data envelopment analysis (DEA) studies. In this study, for benchmarking ...using DEA, the paper seeks to suggest a novel framework based on return on assets (ROA), which is popular and user-friendly to managers, and demonstrate it by use of an example.Design methodology approach - The paper demonstrates the selection of variables using the elements of ROA and applies DEA for measuring and benchmarking the comparative efficiency of companies in the same industry.Findings - It is frequently impossible to obtain internal data for benchmarking from competitors in the same industry. In this case, annual reports may be the only source of data for publicly traded companies. The framework demonstrated with an example is a practical approach for benchmarking with limited data.Research limitations implications - This study employs financial data and is subject to the limitations of accounting practices.Originality value - The approach is applicable to various studies for performance measurement and benchmarking with minor modifications. Contributions of the study are twofold: first, a framework for selecting variables for DEA studies is suggested; second, the applicability of the framework with a real-world example is demonstrated.
Firm-level investment is lumpy and volatile but aggregate investment is much smoother and highly serially correlated. These different patterns of investment behavior have been viewed as indicating ...convex adjustment costs at the aggregate level but non-convex adjustment costs at the firm level. This paper shows that financial frictions in the form of collateralized borrowing at the firm level (Kiyotaki and Moore, 1997) can give rise to convex adjustment costs at the aggregate level yet at the same time generate lumpiness in plant-level investment. In particular, our model can (i) derive aggregate capital adjustment cost functions identical to those assumed by Hayashi (1982) and (ii) explain the weak empirical relationship between Tobinʼs Q and plant-level investment.
► Investment is lumpy at firm level but smooth and serially correlated at aggregate level. ► Convex capital adjustment costs (CAC) are the standard assumption to explain aggregate investment. ► However, CAC are inconsistent with firm-level investment. ► We show that financial frictions can simultaneously explain lumpy investment and CAC. ► We can also explain the weak empirical relationship between Tobinʼs Q and investment.
Ausgehend von der bourdieuschen Kapital- und Habitustheorie geht dieser Artikel der Frage nach, wie die kulturellen Ressourcen der Familie und der befragten ehemaligen Schüler sich im Alter zwischen ...15 und 45 Jahren auf Statuserwerbsprozess auswirken. Als Grundlage der Analyse dient die LifE Studie, die auf einem Follow-up einer von Fend et al. zwischen 1979 und 1983 durchgeführten Jugendstudie beruht. Im Ergebnis kann mit Hilfe eines Strukturgleichungsmodells gezeigt werden, dass eine Transmission des kulturellen Kapitals von den Eltern auf die Kinder stattfindet und deren kulturelle Ressourcen wiederum einen mittelstarken Einfluss auf den Schulabschluss haben (Reproduktionseffekt). Neben dieser sozialen Vererbung hängt das kulturelle Kapital im Alter von 35 Jahren jedoch auch vom Schulbesuch ab. Die Effekte kulturellen Kapitals auf die Statusentwicklung sind dabei auf die Phase bis zum Ende der Ausbildung beschränkt. Proceeding from Bourdieu's habitus and capital theory, this paper asks whether the cultural resources of families and the surveyed students have an impact on the status attainment process between the ages of 15 and 45. The analysis is based of the life45 survey, which rests on a follow-up of a youth study conducted by Fend et al. between 1979 and 1983. As a result it can be shown by means of a structural equation model that there is a substantial transmission of cultural capital between the parents and their children and that the student's cultural resources have an effect on their educational attainment (reproduction effect). Besides this social heritage the amount of cultural capital by the age of 35 also depends on the educational attainment. The effect of cultural capital during the life course is limited to the end of the vocational education.
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