We describe a systematic and data-driven approach to karst terminology where knowledge from different textual sources is structured into a comprehensive multilingual knowledge representation. The ...approach is based on a domain model which is constructed in line with the frame-based approach to terminology and the analytical geomorphological method of describing karst phenomena. The domain model serves as a basis for annotating definitions and aggregating the information obtained from different definitions into a knowledge network. We provide examples of visual knowledge representations and demonstrate the advantages of a systematic and interdisciplinary approach to domain knowledge.
Brazilian karstology has been strengthened since the 1990s, resulting in scientific production gradually expanding into new areas studied and deepening the knowledge of regions already studied. Thus, ...this study aims to carry out a scientometric analysis of the scientific output on karst in Brazil between 1990 and 2020, enabling the evaluation of the development and trends of studies in a given scientific field, in this case, Brazilian karstology. The methodological procedures adopted involve quantitative analysis of scientific production in the Web of Science databases, Capes Periodicals Portal and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. The studies' analysis shows an exponential increase in karst studies in Brazil, especially in the last decade. There is also a predominance of articles published in English. Geology and zoology were the most studied sub-areas of knowledge; however, studies produced in several other areas stand out. The Southeast region contributed the most to karst research in Brazil, mainly through the University of São Paulo and the Federal University of Minas Gerais. The analyzed works presented a tendency of studies related to the taxonomy of underground species and research related to the conservation of karst environments. Finally, Brazilian karstology presents itself as an interdisciplinary science.
•Exponential increase in the study of karst in Brazil.•Geology and Zoology are the most studied areas in karst in Brazil.•Studies on karst in Brazil are concentrated in the Southeast.
In this paper, the morphometric characteristics of the Una River basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). Quantitative geomorphological analysis was ...carried out (hypsometric characteristics, slope inclination,vertical relief dissection, and slope exposition). Analyzed parameters are indicators of shapes and recent processes in relief. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that the obtained data have numerical value, are verifiable and multiple applicable in practice for the purposes of agriculture water management, construction sector urbanism, tourism, spatial planning, etc.
The distribution and flow of groundwater in karstified rocks can be extremely complex and not readily predictable, a far from friendly environment for constructing dams and reservoirs. There have ...been many expensive failures such as unacceptable leakage rates at and around dams, and/or reservoirs that could not be filled to the design levels. This is never the fault of site geology but always of human mistakes due to inadequate investigation programmes and/or erroneous interpretation of the karst processes at work. Remedial works are expensive, time-consuming and frequently do not justify the money invested. As a result, those undertaking engineering works in karst terrains may approach with two fears—of the exceptional risk and/or of a failure. The key question, so often, is whether to build the dam in karstified rocks or keep away from such a risky environment. However, construction of water storage reservoirs is essential in many karst regions for socio-economic development. The challenge must be accepted. Based on much field experience, the best practices for selection of adequate dam and reservoir sites are defined and illustrated with specific examples from many different climatic, topographic, lithologic and hydrogeologic settings in Europe and Asia. This work emphasises that the amount of certainty or uncertainty in the crucial parameters—geological structure, groundwater regime, intensity and depth of karstification—should be recognized.
E.A. Martel (1859-1938) is rightly regarded as one of the most important people in the history of cave study. Writing in French, as he did, his work was little known in those parts of central Europe ...that were in the Austrian empire. Thus much of what he wrote about the Classical Karst was not readily accessible to those now living in that area. It is for that reason that this English translation of his 1894 publication has been made. Martel had been in Slovenia from 14 September 1893 to mid October. He was shown the principal caves and karst features of the region by Wilhelm Putick who had been exploring these places from 1886 onwards. This assistance had been authorised by Count Falkenhayn, the Minister of Agriculture in Wien. Such was the importance with which Martel was regarded internationally.
This is a very dull book. Like a dictionary, it contains only facts: facts that are not readily to be found elsewhere. People who are important in the study of caves and karst are known for what they ...did, what they wrote and whom they influenced. But as individuals they are often no more than a name. They may perhaps be recognized for other aspects, as a King perhaps, or a novelist or a famous doctor. Some, like Darwin or Freud, have changed the world in other ways~but very many had only normal quiet lives during which they also explored, studied or wrote about caves. It is they whose wider lives are difficult to trace and it is 4634 of them who are recorded here, with information from birth certificates, obituaries, unpublished letters and mentions by other people. It is their wider lives that help to show them as real people. In some cases their interest in caves was a part of their professional lives. In many others it provides stimulation and relaxation in otherwise busy lives. But in every case it was the same person and the same brain that enjoyed both~and it was both that made them the people they were. It is only from the biographical sources recorded here, that each person can be understood.
Na temelju jednojezičnog korpusa na hrvatskom jeziku provedena je analiza kombinacijskog potencijala ključnih naziva kako bi se odredila relevantna pojmovna obilježja za kategorizaciju krških ...fenomena. Korpusni rezultati ukazali su na važnu ulogu pridjeva u određivanju geomorfoloških pojmova i njihovo svrstavanje unutar taksonomije. Predloženim modelom organizacije specijaliziranih pojmova i njihovih modifikatora u radu se nastoji predvidjeti odnos između nominalnih osnova i pridjevskih modifikatora uz pretpostavku da je skup pojmovnih odnosa uvjetovan semantičkom kategorijom pojma, tj. imeničke osnove.
Analiza potvrđuje pretpostavku prema kojoj su atributi nužan element definicijskih obrazaca krških fenomena. Osim toga rezultati istraživanja ilustriraju povezanost kombinacijskog potencijala članova pojedine klase i vrijednosti atributa po kojima se članovi međusobno razlikuju.
Based on the monolingual Croatian corpus, we analysed the combinatory potential of key terms to determine the relevant conceptual characteristics for the categorization of karst phenomena. The corpus results suggested an important role of adjectives in defining geomorphological terms and their classification within a taxonomy. The proposed model of the organization of specialized terms and their modifiers has been pursued to predict the relationship between nominal bases and adjective modifiers, assuming that a set of conceptual relationships is conditioned by the semantic category of the term. The analysis confirms that attributes are an important element of the defining patterns as well as the values expressed by adjectives.
In this paper, the morphometric characteristics of the Una River basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). Quantitative geomorphological analysis was ...carried out (hypsometric characteristics, slope inclination,vertical relief dissection, and slope exposition). Analyzed parameters are indicators of shapes and recent processes in relief. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that the obtained data have numerical value, are verifiable and multiple applicable in practice for the purposes of agriculture water management, construction sector urbanism, tourism, spatial planning, etc.
PDF
