Cilj je rada dekodirati aspekte interpretativnih kategorija interpersonalne komunikacije, društvene kritike i pjesničkog koda u poetskim i proznim tekstovima Branka Čegeca unutar pjesničkih zbirki ...Uspon i pad Koševskog brda; Sarajevo za prolaznike i Pun mjesec u Istanbulu te pridonijeti analizi i opisu poetike njegova pjesništva. Čegecovi poetski tekstovi iščitavaju se pomoću koncepta tekstualnih struktura pjesničkog znaka Zorana Kravara te Jakobsonove i Bühlerove jezične funkcije kojom se raščlanjuje unutrašnji značenjski rad teksta, dok se interpretacijski analitički sustav preuzima iz Koreografije teksta Gorana Rema i Kompozicije lirske pjesme Josipa Užarevića. Analiza fenomena interpersonalne komunikacije temelji se na studijama Kathleen Kelley Reardon i Rolanda Burkarta. U radu se analiziraju modeli dijakronijske intertekstualnosti u okviru interpretativne kategorije interpersonalne komunikacije utemeljene na ironizaciji petrarkističkog ljubavnog koda, funkcija seksualnosti subjekta kao figure provokacije, proces konstrukcije identiteta na primjeru oslobađanja ženskog subjekta i ostvarenja kategorija vremena i prostora koje izgrađuju unutarnji svijet subjekta. Proces dekonstrukcije i konstrukcije postaje sredstvo kojim se izgrađuje identitet subjekta ili pjesnički kod umjetničkog identiteta subjekta. Intermedijalnost se kao jedno od glavnih obilježja Čegecove poetike i poetike modernog pjesništva u cjelini prepoznaje kao sredstvo kojim se iznosi društvena kritika granica umjetnosti, autoriteta, moći i kulture.
The aim of this article is to decode the aspects of interpretative categories of interpersonal communication, social criticism, and the poetic code in Branko Čegec’s poetry and prose texts within the poetry collections Uspon i pad Koševskog brda, Sarajevo za prolaznike, and Pun mjesec u Istanbulu, as well as to contribute to the analysis and description of the poetics of his poetry. Čegec’s poems are interpreted with the help of Zoran Kravar’s concept of textual structures of the poetic sign and Jakobson’s and Bühler’s linguistic function, which analyses the internal semantics of the text, while the interpretive analytical system is taken from Goran Rem’s Koreografija teksta and Josip Užarević’s Kompozicija lirske pjesme. The analysis of the phenomenon of interpersonal communication is based on Kathleen Kelley Reardon’s and Roland Burkart’s research. This article analyses the models of diachronic intertextuality within the interpretative category of interpersonal communication, based on ironizing the Petrarchan love code, the function of the subject’s sexuality as a figure of provocation, the process of identity formation through the female subject’s liberation, and time and space categories that create the subject’s inner world. The process of deconstruction and construction becomes a means for creating the subject’s identity or the poetic code of its artistic identity. Intermediality, as one of the main characteristics of Čegec’s poetics and the modern poetics in general, is recognized as a means of social criticism aimed at the limits of art, authority, power, and culture.
U ovome su radu prikazane norme za semantičke kategorije
koje se pojavljuju u svakodnevnome jeziku. Popis 64 kategorije preuzet je iz
normi na engleskome jeziku (Van Overschelde i sur., 2004), a ...dodane su još
dvije kategorije. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 194 ispitanika (M = 38, Ž =
156), većinom studenti Sveučilišta u Rijeci (92.3 %). Zadatak ispitanika bio
je navesti četiri tipična pripadnika za svaku kategoriju, a odgovori su
bilježeni pomoću računala. U radu su prikazane mjere koje opisuju status
kategorije, a to su ukupan broj navedenih entiteta (pripadnika kategorije),
broj entiteta s frekvencijom jednakom ili većom od deset, broj
visokofrekventnih entiteta čija je proporcija pojavljivanja jednaka ili veća
od .80 te indeks konzistentnosti odgovaranja. Naveden je i rang kategorija
prema indeksu konzistentnosti odgovaranja. Osim toga, za svaku su kategoriju
prikazani odgovori s frekvencijom pojavljivanja jednakom ili većom od deset,
a za svaki je navedeni entitet prikazana proporcija pojavljivanja, zatim
proporcija pojavljivanja na prvome mjestu te prosječni rang položaja odgovora
unutar pojedine kategorije. Izrađene norme za semantičke kategorije
predstavljaju metodološki alat za ujednačavanje i sistematizaciju jezičnih
podražaja koji će biti od koristi u budućim istraživanjima iz kognitivne
psihologije, psiholingvistike i srodnih područja na hrvatskome jeziku.
In this paper, norms for semantic categories used in
Croatian everyday language are presented. We used the list of 64 categories
from the norms in English language (Van Overschelde et al., 2004), and 2
categories were added to the list. In the study participated 194 subjects (M =
38, F = 156), mainly students of the University of Rijeka (92.3 %). The
participants had to list four typical exemplars for each presented category.
Measures that describe the status of each category are shown: total number of
entities, number of entities with a frequency higher or equal to ten, number
of high-frequency entities whose proportion is equal to or higher than .80,
and response consistency index. Categories were ranked according to the
response consistency indexes. Furthermore, for each category, entities with a
frequency higher or equal to ten are presented, and the proportion,
proportion of appearing in the first place, and the mean rank of the position
of the response are presented for each entity. Category norms are a
methodological research tool that can be used for systematization of verbal
stimuli in future research in the Croatian language in the area of cognitive
psychology, psycholinguistics and related fields.
Mikroplastika predstavlja ozbiljan problem u morskom i priobalnom okolišu. Analiziran je uzorak mikroplastike iz sedimenta plaže Prapratno na poluotoku Pelješcu, Hrvatska. Uzorkovanje i ...laboratorijsko odvajanje provedeni su prema DeFishGear protokolu. Svaki ispitak svrstan je u određenu kategoriju te je svakom određena masa, boja, prozirnost, maksimalna dimenzija i površina. Identifikacija je provedena infracrvenom spektroskopijom (FTIR) – HATR tehnikom. Otpad s plaže Prapratno sastoji se uglavnom od polietilena te, u manjem udjelu, od polistirena i polipropilena.
Microplastics represent a major problem in the marine and coastal environment. In this work, microplastics from the sediment of Prapratno beach on the Pelješac Peninsula (Croatia) were analysed. Sampling and laboratory separation were performed according to the DeFishGear protocol ( Derelict Fishing Gear Management System in the Adriatic Region ). The microplastic waste from Prapratno beach sediment consisted of 116 specimens, which could be classified into 6 micro litter categories according to EU TG ML Master List (Fig. 1). Fragments were found to be the predominant category of microplastic waste from the sediment of Prapratno beach, followed by granules, films, pellets and foams, which were present in approximately the same number, while filaments were the least represented category (Fig. 2). The most important categories by mass were granules and fragments, followed by pellets, while films, foams and filaments made up a very small content of the total sample mass (Fig. 3). The numerical contents (Fig. 4), did not correspond to the mass contents (Fig. 3) of individual categories due to the different densities and thicknesses of the specimens in each category. Almost all the base colours were present in the analysed samples (Fig. 5), while 90.52 % of specimens were opaque (Fig. 6). The maximum dimension and surface area of each specimen was determined by Digimizer Image Analysis Software . Maximum dimensions in the range of 1–5 mm were observed in 52.59 % of the specimens, thus belonging to large microplastics (LMP), while 47.41 % of the specimens had maximum dimensions in the range of 5–20 mm, thus belonging to so-called mezzo litter. The distribution of specimen dimensions within LMP is shown in Fig. 8, and within mezzo litter in Fig. 9. The fraction of each category in the total sample surface area is shown in Fig. 10. These results are similar to the numerical fractions of categories, since the samples were generally in the narrow range of maximum dimensions, and thus their numerical fractions corresponded to their fraction in the total surface of the sample. Identification of plastic material was performed by infrared spectroscopy, HATR technique. The obtained spectra were compared with the spectra in the database (Fig. 11–13). The results showed (Fig. 14) that the microplastic waste from Prapratno beach was made of polyethylene (82.46 %), polystyrene (11.40 %) and polypropylene (6.14 %). These polymers came from plastic packaging since polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene are the most used polymers for plastic packaging.
Članek se osredotoča na dvoimenske priredne zveze z veznikom in, kjer se pojavljata samostalnika ženskega in moškega spola, ki označujeta osebe. V članku poskušamo osvetliti kompleksnost dejavnikov, ...ki vplivajo na besedni red v omenjenih zvezah.
The aim of this article is to decode the aspects of interpretative categories of interpersonal communication, social criticism, and the poetic code in Branko Čegec’s poetry and prose texts within the ...poetry collections Uspon i pad Koševskog brda, Sarajevo za prolaznike, and Pun mjesec u Istanbulu, as well as to contribute to the analysis and description of the poetics of his poetry. Čegec’s poems are interpreted with the help of Zoran Kravar’s concept of textual structures of the poetic sign and Jakobson’s and Bühler’s linguistic function, which analyses the internal semantics of the text, while the interpretive analytical system is taken from Goran Rem’s Koreografija teksta and Josip Užarević’s Kompozicija lirske pjesme. The analysis of the phenomenon of interpersonal communication is based on Kathleen Kelley Reardon’s and Roland Burkart’s research. This article analyses the models of diachronic intertextuality within the interpretative category of interpersonal communication, based on ironizing the Petrarchan love code, the function of the subject’s sexuality as a figure of provocation, the process of identity formation through the female subject’s liberation, and time and space categories that create the subject’s inner world. The process of deconstruction and construction becomes a means for creating the subject’s identity or the poetic code of its artistic identity. Intermediality, as one of the main characteristics of Čegec’s poetics and the modern poetics in general, is recognized as a means of social criticism aimed at the limits of art, authority, power, and culture.
Namen prispevka je na kratko predstaviti in utemeljiti, zakaj je znotraj jezika oz. v našem primera v slovenščini, možna celostná izrazitev referenčnega spola le na poimenovalni ravni, medtem ko ...skladenjska oz. slovnična razmerja v procesu upovedovanja in s ciljem jasnega sporočanja zahtevajo prevlado slovničnega ujemanja, ki lahko ohranja najvišjo možno skladenjskopomensko razločevalnost leksike in s tem tudi jasnost ubesedenega.
The objective of the study was to analyse and compare the subjective quality of life (S-QoL) of women with physical disabilities (PDs) through satisfaction with the quality of life domains and the ...overall quality of life assessment.
The sample comprised of women with PDs (n=137), divided into 4 age categories: 19-29 yrs. (n=53); 30-44 yrs. (n=25); 45-59 yrs. (n=24) and over 60 yrs. (n=35). The Subjective Quality of Life Analyses questionnaire and the WHO User Manual were used as a primary research method. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to assess the differences between QoLDs, Kruskal Wallis test to assess differences in S-QoL among four independent groups and Mann Whitney U-test between two age categories.
The highest satisfaction in all age categories of women was found in the social relations domain, and in the 19-29 yr-old women equally in the social relations and physical health domains. The highest dissatisfaction was reported with the psychological health and environment domains. The key finding is that the main differences are between the youngest category (aged 19-29 yrs) and the three older categories with regard to physical health, environment and overall QoL.
It is necessary to continue this line of research with a greater focus on exploring the ways in which the psychological health domain can be improved as an integral part of S-QoL, and to also focus on the QoL indicators that make up the environment domain and search for ways to enhance these.
This paper presents the results of the analysis of texts and comments on the texts about poverty and social exclusion on the on-line edition B92 from the perspective of Grice’s principle of ...cooperation and Leech’s principle of politeness. The special attention was put on a review of units of analysis. The unit of analysis is conversational – comprised of communicative acts: journalists’ text and comments of the users of B92.net web site. The aim is to observe communication between text and comments, as well as between comments themselves, in relation to the lexical choices that (do not) satisfy the principle of cooperation and principle of politeness, and more precisely their categories and maxims. The analysis showed that categories and maxims of Grice’s principle cooperation proved to be very applicable in the analyzed corpus and that they can be used in the analysis of media content. At the same time, although the observed corpus includes the interaction on the Internet, Leech's principles of politeness have not been proven applicable to a given corpus.
Ker se je vid razvijal vzporedno z razpadanjem starega ?asovnega sistema, je lahko obdrzal veliko lastnosti izginulih ?asov - vid je torej bistvena vezna kategorija med glagolskimi ?asi in dolo?enim ...glagolskim pomenom in hkrati je vid v stalni soodvisnosti s ?asom v konkretnem besedilu,13 kar dokazujejo primeri kot To mi danes ne tekne (nedov.) nasproti Ve?erja je vsem teknila (dov.), Tvegal je za prijatelja (dov.) nasproti S tem tvega posmeh (nedov.), Ni ubogal nasveta (dov.) nasproti Rad uboga (nedov.). v slovens?ini je bilo opozorjeno na primere t. i. vidske tekmoval- nosti, vezane na ?asovni potek v povedi, npr. Sem ze ve?erjal - Sem ze pove?erjal, Vedno smo k obstoje?emu doprinesli tudi nekaj novega - Vedno smo k obstoje?emu doprinasali tudi nekaj novega ipd. (Me r se 2006: 167). na mozno razli?no vedenje nedovrsnika v pretekliku in prihodnjiku pa je opozorjeno s primeri Temperatura se je dvigovala 'visala, padala in spet visala', Temperatura se bo dvigovala 'vedno samo navzgor, brez nihanja' (... 2007: 71); nedovrsnik v prihodnjiku samo potrjuje tudi pomembno vlogo opazovalca, z izhodis?em v sedanjosti.14 sedanjiska stanjskost se lahko izrazi tudi s preteklim dovrsnikom, npr. Stric se je ze vrnil iz Ljubljane (To po rIsI? 1982: 256), dovrseno dejanje pa lahko tudi preteklim nedovrsnikom, npr. Me je kdo klical danes? (To po rIsI? 2000: 350).15 za slovens?ino je tipi?en dovrsni sedanjik v vlogi prihodnjika npr. pri determiniranih/enosmernih glagolih premikanja s predponskim obrazilom po-: pojdem, poletim, popeljem, npr. v znani narodni pesmi Jaz pa pojdem na Gorenjsko. Dovrsno dejanje v prihodnosti pa je lahko izrazeno tudi z nedovrsnim sedanjikom, npr. Jutri pla?am ra?un; pri kombinaciji dveh ?asovnih okvirov, tj. ponavljalnost in pretekli ?as, lahko imamo tudi primere kot Vsak dan je kupoval ?asopis - Vsak dan je kupil ?asopis. 3.1.1.1 v nasprotju z vidom se ?as bistveno redkeje leksikalizira in primer so sedanjiske oblike denimo, recimo, vzemimo, ki jim sskj pripisuje dva skupna po- mena, eksplicitneje pa jih ne poveze, npr. s kvalifikatorskim pojasnilom v ?lenkovni rabi. Te tri oblike (po sskj) druzita vsaj dva pomena: a) 'Uvaja povedano kot izho- dis?e za razmisljanja ne glede na resni?nost': Denimo, da je tako, kako zdaj ukrepati naprej, Recimo, da za?ne goreti, kaj bos najprej naredil, Vzemimo, da bodo prisli vsi; b) 'Uvaja konkretne prikaze za sirsi, splosnejsi pojem': Ponekod, denimo na de- zeli, Dobro bi bilo gojiti sport, recimo kolesarjenje, kosarko, Zakaj se ne ukvarja s sportom, vzemimo na primer s kolesarjenjem. Leksikalizirane sedanjiske oblike imajo tudi glagoli gledati (Samo gledam '?udim se', kaj se dogaja), drzati (Drzi se! = pozdrav), paziti (Pazi! = opozorilo), re?i (Temu se re?e ... 'se poimenuje'), zdeti (Zdi se, da ... 'kaze se'). na nastete in druge oblike bi moral slovar glede na poseben (na- klonski) pomen in na oblikoslovno-skladenjsko rabo opozoriti. Vedno pogostejsa je pogovorna naklonska raba glagola rabiti, ko ta izgublja polni pomen in se zaradi oslabljenega pomena lahko tudi naklonsko uporablja, npr. Ne kmet ne mestjanar se ne rabi spravljat na ubogo zival (Gigafida 2011, knjiz.: Ne kme- tu ne mes?anu se ni treba znasati nad ubogo zivaljo), Mene do sedaj se niso rabili sle- pat po snegu (Gigafida 2011, knjiz.: Mene do sedaj se ni bilo potreba/potrebno vle?i po snegu.). ?e odmislimo mozne vplive drugih jezikov, je verjetno vedno pogostejsa naklonska raba glagola rabiti ob nedolo?niku, npr. Rabim to delati / Ne rabim tega delati (pog.) namesto Moram to delati / Ni mi treba tega delati tudi druzbeno pogo- jena oz. lahko sklepamo, da odraza neko stanje v druzbi, ko je v ospredju potreba s 'potrebovati oz. rabiti' pred kakrsno koli obvezo z 'morati'. v jeziku pa se to odraza tako, da sicer pomensko samostojni glagol rabiti, ki izraza predvsem potrebo, posto- poma prevzema tudi vlogo naklonskega oz. odnosnega glagola tipa morati ob kate- rem koli drugem vsebinskem glagolu, npr. Za solo mora imeti novo obleko ? Za solo potrebuje novo obleko ? Za solo rabi novo obleko ? Za solo rabi imeti novo obleko (pog.); prav zveza Rabim imeti jasno pokaze, kako glagol rabiti ob drugem glagolu izgublja svoj samostojni pomen, tako se nadaljujemo Za solo si rabi kupiti novo oble- ko namesto Za solo si mora kupiti novo obleko. Da raba zaenkrat ostaja predvsem v mejah pogovarjalnosti, nam razkrivajo primeri s pogovarjalnim nedolo?nikom (brez kon?nega -i) v t. i. spletni slovens?ini, ki prosto komentira vsakdanje razmere, npr. To rabim imet' za to delo (pog. namesto: To moram imeti za to delo), Za ta poklic ne rabis znat' vozit' avta (pog. namesto: Za ta poklic ni treba voziti avta). s tovrstno na- klonsko rabo glagola rabiti se navsezadnje izgublja tudi moznost izrazanja razli?ne stopnje osebnosti oz. neosebnosti v smislu, da se sporo?ili Za to delo moras (znati) govoriti slovensko ali Za to delo je treba (znati) govoriti slovensko izrazijsko poeno - stavi v osebno ali manj osebno Za to rabis (znati) govoriti slovensko (pog.). 3.2.2 Glagol klicati v pomenih 'imenovati (se), uporabljati ime' in 'imeti ime' ima stilno zaznamovano pogovorno rabo zlasti v nagovorni dialoski rabi - zaznamovana raba za pomen 'imenovati, uporabljati ime' je Kako se kli?es?, isto bi lahko neza- znamovano izrazili kot Kako se /sam sebe/ imenujes / Katero ime uporabljas zase? za pomen 'imeti ime' je nezaznamovana raba Kako ti je ime?, za pomen 'imenovati, uporabljati ime' so tudi nezaznamovane moznosti Kako te kli?ejo?, Kako te imenu- jejo / Katero ime uporabljajo zate? in za pomen 'imeti ime' je nezaznamovana raba Kako ti je ime. Skoda, da samo zgled pod ?etrtim pomenom glagola klicati v sskj ponuja razlikovanje med pomenoma 'poimenovati, uporabljati ime' in 'imeti ime': Vsi jo kli?ejo Mojca, ?eprav ji je ime Marija v pomenih 'kako jo kli?ejo/poimenujejo, Katero ime uporabljajo' in 'Kako ji je ime'; je pa to pomensko razlikovanje bistveno za utemeljitev rabe Kako te kli?ejo? in Kako ti je ime?
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