Russian Conservatism examines the history of Russian conservative thought from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. Robinson charts the contributions made by philosophers, ...politicians, and others during the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods. Looking at cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism in Russia, Russian Conservatism demonstrates that such ideas are helpful in interpreting Russia's present as well as its past and will be influential in shaping Russia's future, for better or for worse, in the years to come.
The Putin system Yavlinsky, Grigory
2019, 20190219, 2019-02-19
eBook
A quarter century after the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia once again looms large over world affairs, from Ukraine to Syria to the 2016 U.S. election. Yet how power works in present-day Russia-how ...Vladimir Putin came to power and maintains his rule-remains opaque and often misunderstood. InThe Putin System, Russian economist and opposition leader Grigory Yavlinsky explains his country's politics from a unique perspective, voicing a Russian liberal critique of the post-Soviet system that is vital for the West to hear. Combining the firsthand experience of a practicing politician with academic expertise, Yavlinsky gives unparalleled insights into the sources of Putin's power and what might be next. He argues that Russia's dysfunction is neither the outcome of one man's iron-fisted rule nor a deviation from the supposedly natural development of Western-style political institutions. Instead, Russia's peripheral position in the global economy has fundamentally shaped the regime's domestic and foreign policy, nourishing authoritarianism while undermining its opponents. The quasi-market reforms of the 1990s, the bureaucracy's self-perpetuating grip on power, and the Russian elite's frustration with its secondary status have all combined to enable personalized authoritarian rule and corruption. Ultimately, Putin is as much a product of the system as its creator. In a time of sensationalism and fear,The Putin Systemis essential reading for anyone seeking to understand how power is wielded in Russia.
Celem głównym niniejszego artykułu jest kulturoznawcza analiza strategii malarskiej Aleksieja Wenecjanowa w odniesieniu do zagadnienia tematu chłopskiego w malarstwie. Problematyka ta wiąże się ...z kolei z określonym sposobem posługiwania się klasycyzmem. Klasycyzm interpretowany jest tutaj nie tylko jako pewien nurt stylistyczny bądź epoka w dziejach sztuki, lecz również jako zestaw reguł i wartości, które przynależą do wyposażenia umysłowego działającego artysty. Celem pobocznym jest wskazanie na inne przykłady analogicznych strategii zaczerpniętych z dziejów europejskiej kultury artystycznej, wskazujących na istnienie pewnej ciągłości intelektualnej w historii kultury europejskiej.
In the literature on the heritage of the post-migration areas of south-eastern Poland, as well as in the nationwide information space, too little attention is paid to the Ukrainian legacy. Although ...since 1989, the topic has been discussed more often and more freely, and the knowledge in this area has significantly expanded, still the issue of Ukrainian heritage is underrepresented in scientific and journalistic narratives and public administration practices of eastern border regions Polish. Within the present borders of Poland, there are over a thousand post- Ukrainian localities, whose tangible and intangible heritage has been destroyed, forgotten, and repressed from social consciousness, it has become invisible. In this article we try to explain how this happened. We ask about the decisions, people, and events that caused the ‘Ukrainian’ in Poland to become a symbolic ‘after’ – ‘post-Ukrainian.’
The aim of the article is to present the unique concept of Switzerland’s security as a neutral state and the most important points in the process of its evolution. For this purpose, the most ...important stages of shaping the concept of security and defense policy of the state, legal bases and an attempt to define what are currently the pillars of Switzerland’s defense and security will be presented. One of the important points to deal with this topic are the current international events related to the pandemic and the armed conflict in Ukraine and the position of Switzerland as a neutral state, which is an interpretation of the shaping of the contemporary concept of Swiss security in the changing balance of power. In the preparation of this article, the analysis of reports, studies, publications and existing documents was used, as well as the historical, institutional and legal approach as well as elements of system analysis.
SZWAJCARIA W EUROPIE REBES, Marcin
Politeja,
06/2023, Volume:
20, Issue:
82
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The article examines the origins and transformation of direct democracy in Switzerland and discusses this problem against the wider background of strong connection of Switzerland to the tradition of ...both Germanic and Romance culture. The political system of direct democracy has grown out of the need to deal effectively with linguistic, cultural and identity conflicts within multicultural societal matrix. I aim at examining how – out of the original confederations and the subsequent differentiation of the cantons – the very idea of a federation emerged. More specifically, how the culture of compromise became the standard modus operandi in Switzerland. In philosophical terms, the tension between the freedom of the individual, the canton, and democracy, the federation, i.e. between the individual and the collective, plays a key role here. The article consists of two parts. First, I tackle the problem of the mechanism of community building along the lines of Swiss formula of “unity in diversity.” Secondly, I discuss how did the Swiss citizens internalise the idea of belonging to the community of the confederation established on the model of direct democracy.
The main research objective of the article is to show the evolution of Switzerland’s neutrality after the Cold War. Based on the analysis of internal and external conditions, the thesis is formulated ...that in the conceptual sphere, Switzerland refers to the traditional principles of perpetual neutrality, both in official positions as well as political rhetoric. This aspect clearly distinguishes it from the neutral and non-aligned European Union states. At the same time, in the realm of implementation, it is actually shifting to positions of non-alignment/post-neutrality. The main components of the redefinition of neutrality materialised in the form of a rejection of the principles of the so-called economic neutrality as well as a change of attitude towards armed conflicts. Their implementation opened up opportunities for participation in the process of European integration and a broader commitment to international solidarity as well as management crises. It was in line with the expectations of the international community. The lack of consequences was critically assessed as well as the main barriers to the implementation of the principles of the new concept of neutrality in the 1990s. The beginning of the 21st century brings a clear stabilisation of Helvetic neutrality, including changes in the field of cooperative security policy. Joining the European Union’s sanctions against Russia confirms the continuity of the assumptions of the post-Cold War concept of neutrality.
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