PERIPETIES OF LABOR REFORM IN SPAIN Ermolieva, Eleonora
Naučno-analitičeskij vestnik Instituta Evropy RAN,
2/2022, Volume:
25, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The article contains a historical and analytical overview of the previous Spanish labour reforms, as well as the current difficulties in the implementation of new changes, proposed by the government ...led by Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez. According to declarations of administration, the reform aims to alleviate the plight of workers, becoming more serious because of the corona crisis, and to have in Spain by the beginning of 2022 the labour law that helps to ensure the growth of quality job while national economy recovers from the pandemic. But, as it happens often in Spain when the initiatives proposed by the functioning government, should it be led by PSOE or PP, the normal projects are criticized actively by the opposition, leading unions and business associations. And reaching the political agreement for the final approval of a new norm – be it labour law or pension reform – is a serious political problem. Parliament discussions and adoption of a new labor legislation during the 2021 year was no exception.
The purpose of the paper is to identify the foundations, problems and prospects of modernization of labour legislation and employment sphere in the process of European integration of Ukraine, which ...is discussed in the context of optimisation of factors of competitiveness of the national economy in the globalised world. Methodology. A significant number of commitments regarding the convergence of labour legislation and regulatory principles of the Ukrainian labour sphere with the EU acquis communautaire require a broad inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial approach to the study, development and implementation of relevant processes and measures. Results. Activities aimed at bringing Ukrainian labour legislation into line with the provisions of EU law take place in the following areas: standardisation of the basic principles of labour legislation; prevention of discrimination and ensuring gender equality of employees; ensuring their safety at work. The difficulties in meeting the requirements of the EU acquis communautaire in the field of employment and ensuring the social and labour rights of the working population are largely connected with the contradictory interpretations of Ukraine's obligations under the Association Agreement by the EU itself and by representatives of the national legislative and executive authorities, oriented towards the development of a neoliberal economy with the rejection of a large part of the usual social guarantees, a significant strengthening of employers' rights. Practical implications. The identified problems of the reform of the labour legislation of Ukraine within the framework of the obligations of the Association Agreement with the EU testify to the necessity of more careful consideration of the achievements of the established national practice of regulating the labour sphere together with activation of the acquis communautaire in the sphere of observance of social and labour rights of certain categories of employees and labour collectives, ensuring labour safety in the conditions of modernisation and diversification of the technological base of the economy, as well as to the necessity of implementation of the best world standards and benchmarks of improving the quality of working life. Value/originality. Expectations for a sustainable adaptation of the Ukrainian labour sphere to the common EU legal framework are closely linked to the overcoming of the identified contradictions in the interpretation of the Association Agreement obligations by the national authorities, and also to the focus on the foundations of the harmonisation of legislative norms through increasing the effectiveness of the social dialogue.
The research determines the relationship between competitiveness, the labour market and the protection of the right to work at the constitutional level in the member countries of the Pacific ...Alliance, analysing for this (i) the evolution of the labour force of the members of the Pacific Alliance, (ii) the constitutional economic system and its competitiveness, (iii) the constitutional framework of the right to work and its related rights, as well as (iv) the situation of the labour market and business competitiveness in Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. A qualitative approach is used at a descriptive, exploratory, and bibliographic level with emphasis on the theories put forward by Mortimore and Peres, Cardona-Arenas, Josling et al.; and Rojas and Terán. It is concluded that there is a direct relationship between competitiveness and job stability in the countries of the Pacific Alliance thanks to the regulatory frameworks of their laws for the protection of the individual rights of workers, despite the economic informality of their members and the socioeconomic inequities of its citizens. Data from the International Labour Organisation, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the World Bank, from 2010 to 2023 were used, as well as bibliographic information.
Equal opportunities for disadvantaged groups can be achieved by actively implementing forms of social economy, particularly cooperatives. For the accounting profession, presenting the financial ...statements of cooperative companies is a challenge, due to their specific issues. This article will discuss the regulations and specific characteristics of cooperative companies, others than the agricultural ones, credit cooperatives and central houses of credit cooperatives, which are regulated by special laws.
Abstract
This Centenary Issue presents a selection of the articles on labour law that were published in the
International Labour Review
(ILR) during its first 100 years. The articles were chosen for ...their contribution to two tracks of debate and discourse. The first concerns a progression of ideas over time with respect to the scope and substance of labour law in general. The second charts the evolution of international labour law more specifically. This introduction provides a narrative weaving together the landmarks that were selected in each of these tracks and pointing out recurring themes, questions and challenges as well as changing points of view.
The distinction between de jure and de facto regulation is well understood in theory, but has rarely been applied to cross‐country empirical work on the impact of labour regulation on labour market ...outcomes for lack of data. Policy debate has been based on measures of stringency of law, suggesting a negative correlation between labour regulation and labour market outcomes. This article provides new cross‐country measures of labour law enforcement and evidence of a negative correlation between stringency and intensity of enforcement. Previous results concerning the consequences of labour regulation and the legal origins theory no longer hold when a measure of effective labour regulation is used.
Using longitudinal data on labour law in France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States over the period 1970–2010, the authors estimate the impact of labour regulation on ...unemployment and the labour share of national income. Their dynamic panel data analysis distinguishes between the short‐run and long‐run effects of regulatory change. They find that worker‐protective labour laws in general have no consistent relationship to unemployment but are positively correlated with labour's share of national income. Laws specifically relating to working time and employee representation are found to have beneficial effects on both efficiency and distribution thus proxied.