MAPPING EVOLVING HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS Branduini, P.; Laviscio, R.; L’Erario, A. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
05/2019, Volume:
XLII-2/W11
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Landscape is not a sum of elements to be juxtaposed in a paper or a digital space. It is a complex system of relationships among components that have evolved over time. It is not a sum of material ...permanencies, more or less recognizable and placeable in space, but an interweaving of economic, social, religious and political meanings that link permanencies and give them value.How to represent these relationships from existing geographic or historical databases? How can we illustrate the co-evolution between nature and culture that has given form to today’s landscape? And how to allow at the same time to update data and their relationships?Through the comparison among examples taken from local participative experiences (ecomuseum community maps) and others directly managed and produced by the Authors (itinerary maps), the contribution reflects on these main critical issues: landscape representation problems, data collecting and updating, information sharing. The main results show that the data digitalization and georeferencing can help to illustrate and understand tangible and intangible characteristics of landscape and overcome the gaps from a sharing mapping procedure with a bottom-up approach and the point of view by the experts with a top-down approach. On the contrary, the digital representation of landscape data shows another set of problems that currently are mainly solved in traditional ways. The paper will also deal with these aspects.
On the example of Kirov region belonging to the Central zone of the North-Eastern region of European part of Russia the approaches to design, implementation and improvement of the adaptive-landscape ...systems of agriculture are considered. Analysis of results of exploration of farming systems developed for the farms of the region in 1999-2004 showed significant gains of agricultural producers in the field of biologization and resource saving. Yield increase of grain crops was registered including one in conditions of extremely dry 2010 (29-60% higher than the average regional indicators). However, the actual economic effect for total sown area of grain crops in some cases amounted to only 15% of the plan due to use of extensive methods of crop production and inadequate adaptation of farming systems to environmental conditions in some farms. Improving of adaptive-landscape farming systems is proposed taking into account regional climate change in the mode of adaptive intensification of agricultural production. Among the priorities there are using the results of agro-ecological macro-, meso - and microzonation; cultivation of adaptive environmentally specialized varieties, and the formation of multi-species agro-phytocenoses; application of a combined system of tillage and integrated system of fertilizer; improve stability and productivity of agricultural landscapes. The modern stage of designing adaptive-landscape systems of crop farming with use of space and information technologies depends on development of interdisciplinary integration of organizations-project participants at conducting research, design and survey, land management and evaluating works. System of measures for state (regional) support for the development of innovation in agriculture requires improvements.
The mid-southern section of the Hengduan Mountains is a typical region of mountainous landscape in western China and is the core region of “Shangri-La”, a world-famous ecotourism destination. The ...landscape classification system is an important scientific basis for landscape protection and tourism development in this region. By combining geology and geography and referring to the concepts of "system tract" and "tectonic system" in geology, this paper comes up with grading standards for the geoscience landscape system of this region. Based on the regional stratigraphic structure, tectonic fault marks and geomorphological differentiation, this paper comes up with 2 Grade I geoscience landscape system tracts, 8 Grade II geoscience landscape systems, 21 Grade III geoscience landscape areas, and 165 representative Grade IV geoscience landscape attractions. According to the main classification methods for the geological heritage and tourism landscapes, the geoscience landscapes can be divided into 4 categories, 16 types and 19 subtypes. On this basis, 23 eco-tourism areas of the mid-southern section of the Hengduan Mountains can be delimited. The study provides a theoretical direction and method reference for the geoscience landscape division and tourism zonation, which has an important significance on the mountain landscape protection and tourism development in the regions of complex geo-environments.
In the article an attempt to develop the classification of agricultural technologies by criterion of intensification level has been made. The model is described in the context of adaptive-landscape ...fanning system. Some technological modules were created within base technologies. Theoretical research was illustrated by the results of experiments, conducted in Verhnevolzhsky Federal Agrarian Research Center and by the experience of individual agricultural organizations. Development of the agricultural technologies classification in regional aspect allowed to formulate the directions for future research works in the field of technology management theory. The main ones are as follows. 1. The need to develop a system of flexible technology management, taking into account weather, environmental and economic risks. Within this direction it was necessary to work out a mechanism of technologies adaptation to a complex of “local” conditions on the basis of technology modules and adapters. 2. The need to verify the obtained experimental data in production conditions. This is due to the fact that during the economic evaluation of agricultural technologies within the experiment, conducted on the territory of the research field, it turned out that the payback on technological costs with higher level of intensification decreased sharply. This does not meet the requirements of scientific and technological progress as well as production and economic feasibility, so it should be checked in production conditions. 3. A program of gradual transition from extensive and normal to intensive technologies should be created for the Upper Volga region. 4. Based on the above we should create a system of agricultural technologies management at the regional level and at the level of the business entity. In addition, a business proposal was given in order to improve the efficiency of intensive technologies - the organization of their own grain processing by agricultural producers. For this purpose, a suitable organizational and legal form is «consumer cooperative», which meets the economic interests of agricultural producers themselves.
In France, since the 2009 so-called « Grenelle 1 » law, plans for the development of greenway projects (“trames vertes”) are increasing. This phenomenon is visible in many forms at different spatial ...scales, from national to local. We formulate the following research question: between discourses and materialities, what are the realities of “trames vertes”? The thesis, mobilizing concepts of geography, fo‑cuses on the juncture between the discourse of planners, the policies being implemented, the existing forms of management, the materiality of the greenway and social representations. While included in a multiscalar analysis from the national to the local level, this research endeavors to examine the greenway concept more accurately at the intercommunal scale in peri‑urban areas, through a reference site: Angers agglomeration.
Based on research conducted during three years as part of the Ittecop programme (French Ministry of Ecology and French Agency for the Environment and Energy - ADEME) this paper presents a study of ...the landscapes of the Hénin-Carvin grouping of municipalities (in French, Communauté d’agglomération d’Hénin-Carvin - CAHC) located in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais mining area. After presenting the methodological issues involved in an analysis of the landscape dimension in regional planning projects, the article describes the landscape dynamics of projects in this part of the mining region which combine the mining heritage, environmental issues and the recent development of economic activity in the freight transport sector. At the heart of the debate is the notion that the continuous process of the production of landscapes has less to do with the implementation of a project than with the successive inter-meshing of regional development projects supported by different interacting stakeholders. These stakeholders may not always be politicians but they are, however, mainly focused on economic development issues. In this particular case, the stakeholders consider landscape issues relating to different historical levels and providing links on different scales to be of secondary importance.
This research proposes a methodology for defining greenways via sustainable planning. This approach includes the analysis and discussion of culture and natural processes that occur in the landscape. ...The proposed methodology is structured in three phases: eco-cultural analysis; synthesis and diagnosis; and proposal.
An interdisciplinary approach provides an assessment of the relationships between landscape structure and landscape dynamics, which are essential to any landscape management or land use. The landscape eco-cultural analysis provides a biophysical, dynamic (geomorphologic rate), vegetation (habitats from directive 92/43/EEC) and cultural characterisation. The knowledge obtained by this analysis then supports the definition of priority actions to stabilise the landscape and the management measures for the habitats. After the analysis and diagnosis phases, a proposal for the development of sustainable greenways can be achieved.
This methodology was applied to a study area of the Azambuja Municipality in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal). The application of the proposed methodology to the study area shows that landscape stability is crucial for greenway users in order to appreciate the landscape and its natural and cultural elements in a sustainable and healthy way, both by cycling or by foot. A balanced landscape will increase the value of greenways and in return, they can develop socio-economic activities with benefits for rural communities.
Throughout Italy, soil sealing has had a significant impact on the landscape and on agricultural land. This issue needs to be analyzed in order to provide the policy maker with strategic information ...for rational land planning and environmental management. In this context, the purpose of this study is to widen our knowledge about the consumption of agricultural land in Italy, analyzing its dynamics, causes and impact. The analysis considers three specific aspects: design of a territorial model to study the extent of land consumption, qualitativequantitative evaluation and classification of the ways in which sealing areas are extended, and analysis of impact and driving forces. The results have helped identify the extent of soil sealing on a geographical basis and, at the same time, to understand how artificialization morphotypologies are linked to the changes that take place and what impact these changes have in relation to territorial multifunctionality and hydrogeological risk.
A conceptual model of parametric plant modeling and spatial distribution was constructed by using virtual reality and GIS. Using remote sensing and GIS technology, the interrelated spatial elements ...and landscape patterns are studied and their evolution models are discussed. The morphological and structural parameters of landscape vegetation were obtained by using a parameterized vegetation model and associated with the actual landscape. This allows you to create 3D models of different kinds of plants. The dynamic planning of vegetation was realized by combining the distribution law of vegetation with the Oculus rift model through parametric method. By comparing with the measured data, it is found that the terrain features of the model are in good agreement with the actual terrain features.
In evaluating technologies and systems, techno-economic analysis as well as life cycle assessment is of importance. In this paper, manufacturing cost, profit and business profitability evaluation are ...briefly introduced as an example of techno-economic analysis, and recent trends in techno-economic analysis in academic papers are showed by a bibliometric analysis of energy related technologies. In addition, a techno-economic analysis when introducing to overseas a novel system for sugar, ethanol and electricity production from high-yielding sugarcane was taken up as a case study, and various issues based on examples are introduced.
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