It was the research on spatial pattern that received most attention in traditional theories of urban plan. The majority of city practical consequences were expressed in the form of illustration by ...qualitative analysis, and lack of data supporting by quantitative analysis. The authors study this research by the methods of calculating the relevant datum and comparative analysis; introduce ecological rationales into the urban plan, and put forward three quantitative strategies: First, the authors investigate the coupling relationship between the city spatial pattern and carbon emissions by “Ecological Footprint” and clarify how some typical city spatial patterns effect carbon emissions; Second the authors designate the ecological sensitive area by GIS, establish the city carbon sink system, identify the landscape structure; At last, in order to modulate and optimize the industry distribution, the authors hunt for the limiting factors which restrict the development of industry by “Bottleneck Index”. In responds to this situation, introducing ecological and low carbon technologies into the urban plan may open up a new orientation to provide the theoretical references. Furthermore, some obscure intensions put forward by experience can be translated into digital technical specification which is available for practical operation.
The slope map, on a scale of 1:25 000, of the relief of the cultivated land, which covers light darkly-brown soil of the Zhambyl administrative district, located on the north slope of the Ile Alatau, ...was constructed on the basis of GIS technology, and the erosive action of runoff flow was researched. It is defined flow amount, flow coefficient, amount of the area with soil erosion and intensity of erosion, which appeared in connection with the degree of declivity of slopes with exposure to the south and north of researched subjects of melt-water and atmospheric water, which are integrated parts of them, and each of them was given differentiated descriptive evaluation. As a result it was proved that the resistance to water erosion of the soil with exposure to the north is much better than the resistance of the soil with the south exposure. Another defined principle is that the influence of rain to the soil erosion is much higher than the influence of melt-water. While comparing grain fields with fields left fallow, it was defined that perennial plants can resist to the soil erosion much better.
Wine producing tropismand landscape partitioning in northern Bordeaux area. This paper is out of the usual way of enthusiastic descriptions of vineyard landscapes. The analysis of individual relation ...of North Gironde producers with agriculture in general and with wine growing in particular shows a kind of wine myth in the very Bordeaux area ; it is combined with objective data treatment related to production structures (census taking) and to land occupation (télédétection). This double approach sets in light the paradox of a vineyard both a factor of prosperity and decline ; it determines prosperous central areas and surrounding ones on which the study is focused. The relative entropy of the system of poly- culture/wine growing in North Gironde as opposed for the sake of demonstration, to the negative entropy of a milk producing system in the Puy-de-Dôme is translated in its very low reactivity to changes and its mediocre capacities for innovation.
Cette contribution s'inscrit en marge des descriptions enthousiastes et patrimoniales des paysages de la vigne. L'analyse du rapport individuel des producteurs du nord de la Gironde à l'agriculture en général et à la vigne en particulier révèle une forme de mythe vitivinicole dans l'aire bordelaise même ; elle est combinée à des traitements de données objectivables ayant trait aux structures de production (recensements) et à l'occupation du sol (télédétection). Cette double approche met en évidence le paradoxe d'une vigne à la fois facteur de prospérité et de déprise, elle détermine des centralités prospères et des périphéries sur lesquelles nous axons notre étude. La relative entropie du système polyculture vigne nord girondin, opposée pour les besoins de la démonstration à la nèguentropie d'un système laitier du Puy-de-Dôme, se traduit dans sa très faible réactivité aux changements et ses médiocres capacités d'innovation.
El tropismo agrícola y el cierre de los paisajes en el norte de la Gironde. Esta contribución se sitúa en margen de las descripciones entusiastas y patrimoniales de los paisajes de la viña. El análisis de la relación individual de los productores del Norte de la Gironde con la agricultura en general y la viña en particular, revela un como mito vitivinícola en el área bordelesa misma ; se combina con el tratamiento de datos objetivables relacionados con las estructuras de producción (censos) y la ocupación de los suelos (teledetección). Este doble enfoque evidencia la paradoja de una viña a la vez factor de prosperidad y de depresión, determina centros prósperos y periferias sobre las que centramos nuestro estudio. La relativa entropía del sistema de poli- cultivo viña del norte de la Gironde, opuesta para las necesidades de la demonstración, a la negación de la entropía del sistema lechero del Puy-de-Dôme, se traduce por su muy poca reactividad a los cambios y sus mediocres capacidades de innovación.
Couderchet LaurentCouderchet Laurent. Le tropisme viticole et la fermeture des paysages dans le nord de la Gironde. In: Sud-Ouest européen, tome 21, 2006. territoires et paysages viticoles (Coordonné par Michel Réjalot) pp. 77-82.
In contemporary sciences dealing with cultural landscapes, the concept of multifunctionality has gained increasing attention in the last decade. The scientific literature displays several attempts to ...frame the concept (e.g DeVries 2000; Anon 2001; de Groot et al. 2002) but there is much frustration regarding proper sets of broadly based definitions and clear statements concerning the authors’ scientific points of departure (Anon 2001). Multifunctionality is on the one hand used to characterize the activities in the primary production sector, and the land use reflecting the material consequences of the various demands set by the society on land territories — these approaches relate to the agricultural understanding of multifunctionality. On the other hand, multifunctionality is used to characterize the landscape per se. The primary production sector (i.e. agriculture, forestry, horticulture and related land dependent activities) is considered having a primary or main function (production), and related joint productions, typically including a mix of material and non-tangible goods as well as a mix of private and public goods (externalities). Production of food and fibres is generally considered the primary products in this context, but the primary sector produces other material goods too, such as CO2 sequestration, groundwater recharge etc.
In order to construct a user-friendly intuitive landscape system of Anze, based on the existing map library of Anze County, first of all, we use ARCGIS software platform to generate two-dimensional, ...three-dimensional landscape, and then build landscape system of Anze adopting ArcEgine. In this project, it combines GIS application and GIS developments, meanwhile, it achieves a very good visual effects. Using of subregional, sub-themes shows, and adding text, pictures, audiovisual and other hot links, it solves the problem that the three-dimensional landscape which is not clear enough due to large amount of data, at the same time, it loads a good foundation for the tourism.
People see landscapes differently: Some people respondmainly to the topography, that is, the shapes of mountains, hills, and valleys; others respond mainly to the diversity of the trees, shrubs, ...grasses, birds, and so on. However, to understand how disturbances affect landscapes so that a restoration practitioner (RP) can design effective projects, we believe it is important to view landscapes as functioning systems (Ludwig and Tongway 2000). We feel that with a function-based approach, landscape restoration becomes a matter of making the system work properly, rather than just replacing organisms that might be missing.
The built environment is severely affecting the Earth’s ecology. If we continue to pursue our immediate comfort and interests, we will consign future generations to a world that we would not want to ...live in.
CO2 levels are still rising. The last time CO2 reached current levels (Eocene), sea levels were 30–100m above present. Temperatures and sea levels are rising. Storms are increasing in frequency and intensity.
To move forward effectively we must have a credible process that explores all options that reduce greenhouse emissions. A transparent systemic learning process, total accounting and adaptive model based scenario building are needed to guide reduction of built form impact on Global warming.
En France, depuis la loi de 2009 dite Grenelle 1, les projets d’aménagement de trames vertes se multiplient. Ce phénomène est visible sous de multiples formes à différentes échelles territoriales, du ...national au local. Nous formulons alors la problématique suivante : les trames vertes : entre discours et matérialité, quelles réalités ? La thèse, mobilisant les concepts de la géographie, s’intéresse à l’articulation : du discours des aménageurs, des politiques mises en place, des formes de gestion existantes, de la matérialité des trames vertes et ses représentations sociales. Tout en s’inscrivant dans une démarche multiscalaire du national au communal, les recherches s’attachent à étudier la notion de trames vertes à l’échelle de l’intercommunalité en espace périurbain, à travers un site de référence : l’agglomération angevine.
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