Les biostimulants enracineur sont des produits qui visent à stimuler le développement du système racinaire des plantes. Ils peuvent être appliqués au moment du semi, de la transplantation ou pendant ...la croissance des cultures. Ces produits contiennent généralement des substances naturelles, telles que des extraits d’algues, des hormones végétales, des acides aminés et des vitamines, qui agissent en synergie pour favoriser la croissance et le développement des racines.Les légumineuses telles que les pois, les haricots et les lentilles, jouent un rôle important dans l’agriculture durable en raison de leur capacité à fixer l’azote atmosphérique et à améliorer la fertilité du sol. Les haricots verts sont riches en fibres alimentaires et une source de vitamines et de protéines végétales. Au Maroc, la superficie cultivée du haricot vert augmente au fur et à mesure pour atteindre 8.000 hectares en 2020.Plusieurs études ont examiné les effets des biostimulants enracineur sur les légumineuses, et les résultats sont prometteurs. L’application de ces produits a été associée à une augmentation de la longueur et de la densité des racines, ce qui améliore l’absorption des nutriments et de l’eau. De plus, les biostimulants enracineur ont montré des effets bénéfiques sur la nodulation des légumineuses, en favorisant la formation de nodules racinaires et en augmentant la fixation de l’azote atmosphérique.Le but de notre travail consiste à étudier l’efficacité d’un biostimulant enracineur sur le développement racinaire du haricot vert. Les résultats obtenus montrent une augmentation moyenne de plus de 55% du poids de la racine en comparaison aux plantes non traitées après trois mois de cultures, ainsi que la longueur de la racine avec une augmentation de presque 60% par rapport au témoin.Les essais aux champs confirment la faisabilité à une grande assurance de ce biostimulant qui a montré des résultats très encourageants.
Rooting biostimulants are products aimed at stimulating the development of plant root systems. They can be applied during seeding, transplanting, or throughout the crop growth. These products typically contain natural substances, such as algae extracts, plant hormones, amino acids, and vitamins, which work synergistically to promote root growth and development. Legumes, such as peas, beans, and lentils, play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and enhance soil fertility. Green beans are rich in dietary fiber and are a source of vitamins and plant-based proteins. In Morocco, the cultivated area of green beans has been increasing, reaching 8,000 hectares in 2020. Several studies have examined the effects of rooting biostimulants on legumes, and the results are promising. The application of these products has been associated with an increase in root length and density, improving nutrient and water absorption. Additionally, rooting biostimulants have shown beneficial effects on legume nodulation, promoting the formation of root nodules and enhancing atmospheric nitrogen fixation. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of a rooting biostimulant on the root development of green beans. The results show an average increase of over 55% in root weight compared to untreated plants after three months of cultivation, as well as root length with an almost 60% increase compared to the control group. Field trials confirm the feasibility and high efficacy of this biostimulant, which has shown very encouraging results.
This study evaluated and compared the effect of the utilization of five different non-conventional starches (chickpea, common bean, Peruvian carrot, sweet potato and white bean) and four different ...commercial starches (cassava, corn, potato and rice) in pound cake. Common bean starch, followed by Peruvian carrot starch were the non-conventional starch sources that showed tendency to improve the technological quality of pound cake, mainly in relation to corn starch, the most common commercial source. With these sources, the batters presented lower specific gravity and the cakes presented higher specific volume, lighter color, lower crumb moisture reduction during the storage period, and better texture attributes during all the cake shelf-life. Moreover, common bean starch provided higher scores in the cake sensory evaluation; especially for grain and texture attributes (moisture, tenderness and softness). Chickpea and white bean starches were more similar to corn starch in pound cake application. Key words: bean, chickpea, Peruvian carrot, potato, cassava, starch, pound cake. Este estudo avaliou e comparou o efeito da utilizacao de cinco amidos de fontes nao convencionais (grao de bico, feijao carioca, mandioquinha, batata doce e feijao branco) e de quatro diferentes amidos de fontes comerciais (mandioca, milho, batata e arroz) em bolo ingles. Amido de feijao carioca, seguido pelo amido de mandioquinha, foram os amidos de fontes nao convencionais que mostraram tendencia a melhorar a qualidade tecnologica do bolo ingles, principalmente em comparacao com o amido de milho, o qual e a fonte comercial mais utilizada. Com o amido dessas fontes, os batidos apresentaram menores valores de gravidade especifica e os bolos maiores valores de volume especifico, cor mais clara, menor reducao da umidade durante o periodo de estocagem e melhores valores nos atributos de textura durante a vida de prateleira. Alem disso, amido de feijao carioca promoveu maiores escores na avalicao sensorial; especialmente para os atributos do miolo e textura (umidade, suavidade e maciez). Amidos de grao de bico e feijao branco foram muito similares ao amido de milho em aplicacao em bolo ingles. Palavras-chave: feijao, grao de bico, mandioquinha, batata, mandioca, amido, bolo ingles.
Produção e comercialização são fatores limitantes no comércio de hortaliças no estado do Amazonas. Estudos com caracterização comercial são fundamentais na compreensão do fluxo de produtos, e assim ...satisfazer a necessidade do consumidor final. Com isso, se objetivou levantar o perfil socioeconômico dos vendedores e caracterizar a comercialização de hortaliças nos principais pontos comerciais de Tabatinga - AM. Foram aplicados questionários socioeconômicos aos vendedores hortícolas em quatro diferentes pontos de comercialização do município. Com base nos dados coletados, observou-se que 71% são mulheres; 30% têm de 31 a 40 anos; 52% são estrangeiros; 88% moram no Brasil; 87% tem algum grau de escolaridade; e para 60% dos entrevistados a feira é a única fonte de recurso financeiro. Quanto aos produtos comercializados, 90,36% são legumes, 6,29% condimentos e 3,35% verduras; os pontos comerciais 2, 3 e 4 adquirem seus produtos por meio do atacado; e 55,55% das espécies são provenientes de dois ou três países. Conclui-se que os feirantes têm entre 22 e 40 anos, são mulheres, estrangeiros residentes no Brasil, possuem ensino fundamental e a maioria não possui renda extra. Legume foi a hortaliça com maior quantidade, com destaque para cebola e batata, sendo a maioria importada de mais de um país.
PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs (PRRs) play key roles in the circadian rhythms and flowering in plants. Here, we identified the four members of the PRR family in Medicago truncatula, including MtPRR9a, ...MtPRR9b, MtPRR7 and MtPRR5, and isolated their Tnt1 retrotransposon-tagged mutants. They were expressed in different organs and were nuclear-localized. The four MtPRRs genes played important roles in normal clock rhythmicity maintenance by negatively regulating the expression of MtGI and MtLHY. Surprisingly, the four MtPRRs functioned redundantly in regulating flowering time under long-day conditions, and the quadruple mutant flowered earlier. Moreover, MtPRR can recruit the MtTPL/MtTPR corepressors and the other MtPRRs to form heterodimers to constitute the core mechanism of the circadian oscillator.
The objective of this research was to evaluate of tree pasture-based systems (PS) with elephantgrass (EG) Pennisetum purpureum Schum., cv. Merckeron Pinda' + spontaneous growing species (SGS), annual ...ryegrass (RG) Lolium multiforum Lam., cv. 'Comum ', for PS1; EG + SGS + forage peanut (FP) Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg., cv. 'Amarillo', for PS2; and EG + SGS + RG + red clover (RC) Trifolium pratense L., cv. 'Estanzoela 116', for PS3. EG was planted in lines with a distance of 4m each one of them. Ryegrass was sowed between rows of EG during the cool-season; red clover was sowed and the forage peanut was preserved on respectively treatments. Holstein cows receiving 5.5kg daily.sup.-1 complementary concentrate feed were used. The dry matter daily accumulation rate (DMA), disappearance of forage mass (DFM),dry matter disappeared based on 100kg of live weight (DMD),total dry matter production (TDM), botanical composition and structural component of EG were evaluated. The experimental design used was completely randomized with tree treatments (SF) and two replicates (paddocks) in incomplete split-plot time (grazing cycles). Nine grazing cycle were performed during the experimental period (341 days). The average values of DMA, DFM, DMD and TDM were 53.16kg ha.sup.-1, 36.13%, 2.77kg of dry matter per 100 kg of liveweight and 17.80t ha.sup.-1, respectively. SGS parameter increased significantly over in the PS1. Considering the stocking rate the PS3 showed a better performance. Key words: Arachis pintoi, dairy cattle, Lolium multiflorum, Pennisetum purpureum, rotational grazing, Trifolium pratense. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar tres sistemas forrageiros (SF) com capim elefante (CE) Pennisetum purpureum Schum., cv. 'MerckeronPinda' + especies de crescimento espontaneo (ECE) + azevem anual (AZ) Lolium multiflorum Lam., cv 'Comum', como SF1; CE + ECE + AZ + amendoim forrageiro (AF) Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg., cv. 'Amarillo', como SF2; e CE + ECE + AZ + trevo vermelho (TV) Trifolium pratense L., cv. 'Estanzoela 116', como SF3. O CE foi estabelecido em linhas afastadas a cada 4m. O azevem anual foi estabelecido entre as linhas do CE durante o periodo hibernai; o TV foi semeado e o AF foi preservado nos respectivos tratamentos. Para avaliacao, foram usadas vacas da raca Holandesa que receberam 5,5kg dia.sup.-1 como complemento alimentar. Foram avaliadas a taxa de acumulo diario de materia seca (TA), a massa de forragem desaparecida (MFD), a materia seca desaparecida com base em 100kg de peso vivo (MSD) e a producao de forragem (PF), as composicoes botanica e estrutural do CE. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com tres tratamentos (SF) e duas repeticoes (piquetes) em parcelas subdivididas no tempo (pastejo). Durante o periodo experimental (341 dias), foram efetuados nove ciclos de pastejo. Os valores medios de TA, MFD, MSD e PF foram de 53,16kg ha.sup.-1; 36,13%; 2,77kg de materia seca por 100kg de peso vivo e 17,80t ha.sup.-1. Para a variavel ECE, houve aumento significativo no SF1. Considerando a carga animal, o SF3 apresentou melhor desempenho. Palavras-chave: Arachis pintoi, bovinos leiteiros, Lolium multiflorum, pastejo rotacionado, Pennisetum purpureum, Trifolium pratense.
The objective of this research was to evaluate of tree pasture-based systems (PS) with elephantgrass (EG) Pennisetum purpureum Schum., cv. Merckeron Pinda' + spontaneous growing species (SGS), annual ...ryegrass (RG) Lolium multiforum Lam., cv. 'Comum ', for PS1; EG + SGS + forage peanut (FP) Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg., cv. 'Amarillo', for PS2; and EG + SGS + RG + red clover (RC) Trifolium pratense L., cv. 'Estanzoela 116', for PS3. EG was planted in lines with a distance of 4m each one of them. Ryegrass was sowed between rows of EG during the cool-season; red clover was sowed and the forage peanut was preserved on respectively treatments. Holstein cows receiving 5.5kg daily.sup.-1 complementary concentrate feed were used. The dry matter daily accumulation rate (DMA), disappearance of forage mass (DFM),dry matter disappeared based on 100kg of live weight (DMD),total dry matter production (TDM), botanical composition and structural component of EG were evaluated. The experimental design used was completely randomized with tree treatments (SF) and two replicates (paddocks) in incomplete split-plot time (grazing cycles). Nine grazing cycle were performed during the experimental period (341 days). The average values of DMA, DFM, DMD and TDM were 53.16kg ha.sup.-1, 36.13%, 2.77kg of dry matter per 100 kg of liveweight and 17.80t ha.sup.-1, respectively. SGS parameter increased significantly over in the PS1. Considering the stocking rate the PS3 showed a better performance.
Bacterial surface motility is a complex microbial trait that contributes to host colonization. However, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms that control surface translocation in rhizobia and ...their role in the establishment of symbiosis with legumes is still limited. Recently, 2-tridecanone (2-TDC) was identified as an infochemical in bacteria that hampers microbial colonization of plants. In the alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, 2-TDC promotes a mode of surface motility that is mostly independent of flagella. To understand the mechanism of action of 2-TDC in S. meliloti and unveil genes putatively involved in plant colonization, Tn5 transposants derived from a flagellaless strain that were impaired in 2-TDC-induced surface spreading were isolated and genetically characterized. In one of the mutants, the gene coding for the chaperone DnaJ was inactivated. Characterization of this transposant and newly obtained flagella-minus and flagella-plus dnaJ deletion mutants revealed that DnaJ is essential for surface translocation, while it plays a minor role in swimming motility. DnaJ loss-of-function reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance in S. meliloti and hinders the establishment of efficient symbiosis by affecting nodule formation efficiency, cellular infection, and nitrogen fixation. Intriguingly, the lack of DnaJ causes more severe defects in a flagellaless background. This work highlights the role of DnaJ in the free-living and symbiotic lifestyles of S. meliloti.
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