A growing body of evidence indicates that cortical brain cells of schizophrenic patients are vulnerable to apoptosis. As apoptosis is an important mechanism in organism modeling during development, ...active since the early phase of intrauterine life, it could be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. To test this hypothesis, caspase-3 activity was determined in peripheral blood mono nuclear cells from 30 patients with schizophrenia and from 30 age and gender matched healthy subjects by a colorimetric commercially available kit. Consistent with increased susceptibility to apoptosis, caspase-3 activity in lymphocytes of patients with schizophrenia was significantly increased (0.111±0.055 μmol/mg protein, p<0.05) in comparison with those in the matched control group (0.086±0.030 μmol/mg protein). The highest activity was obtained in the group showing almost equally positive and negative symptoms (0.159±0.096 μmol/mg protein) and it was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the group with a relative predomination of positive symptoms (0.100±0.029 μmol/mg protein). Caspase-3 activity in patients receiving typical antipsychotic drugs (0.124± 0.071 μmol/mg protein) was not significantly different from that in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (0.104±0.039 μmol/mg protein). To our knowledge to date, this has been the first demonstration that there is a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, determined in native cells, in patients with schizophrenia, indicating a dysregulated apoptotic mechanism in this disease.
Sve je više dokaza da su kortikalne ćelije mozga obolelih od shizofrenije osetljive na apoptozu. Kako je apoptoza aktivna od rane faze intrauterinog života, važan mehanizam u modelovanju organizma tokom razvoja, mogla bi biti uključena u patogenezu shizofrenije. U cilju testiranja ove hipoteze određivana je aktivnost kaspaze-3, kolorimetrijskom metodom, u mononuklearnim ćelijama periferne krvi kod 30 obolelih od shizofrenije i 30 zdravih osoba slične starosti i pola. Shodno povećanoj osetljivosti na apoptozu, aktivnost kaspaze-3 u limfocitima obolelih od shizofrenije je značajno veća (0,111±0,055 μmol/mg proteina, p<0,05) u poređenju sa vrednostima kontrolne grupe (0,086±0,030 μmol/mg proteina). Najviša aktivnost je dobijena u grupi bolesnika sa skoro podjednako izraženom pozitivnom i negativnom simptomatologijom (0,159±0,096 mmol/mg proteina) i bila je značajno viša (p<0,05) od vrednosti grupe sa relativnom predominacijom pozitivnih simptoma (0,100±0,029 μmol/mg proteina). Nije nađena značajna razlika u aktivnosti kaspaze-3 između bolesnika tretiranih tipičnim (0,124±0,071 μmol/mg proteina) odnosno atipičnim (0,104±0,039 μmol/mg proteina) antipsihoticima. Prema našim saznanjima ovo su prvi rezultati koji pokazuju da je aktivnost kaspaze-3 značajno povećana u nativnim ćelijama obolelih od shizofrenije što ukazuje na disregulaciju apoptotičnog mehanizma u ovoj bolesti.
Lymphocyte Subsets in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Children with Lung Infiltrates The analysis of the subpopulation of lymphocytes - CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of ...paediatric patients can provide useful information related the lung parenchyma. The aim of the paper was to analyze the results of bronchoscopy of patients presenting with persistent lung infiltrates and to find out of the diagnostic yield and complication rate of this procedure. The study is a retrospective one. The data related to paediatric findings and BAL results of the bronchoscopies were retrieved from the hospital records. BAL was performed in tracheobronchial airways (middle lobe) by bronchoscope and sent to analysis of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes. Bronchoscopy was performed under general anesthesia (sedation, propofol, midazolam, morphium). The records of seven patients were analyzed. All patients presented with persistent lung infiltrate (atelectasis and pneumonia). 71% of the patients with lung infiltrates in our study were below the age of 5. Our study results showed that CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes in BAL in the studied group showed a small percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes as an immune response in 8-10% of patients, while the cellular response of CD4 +lymphocytes in the sample itself was present up to 14% in the entire group of the diseased children. There was no serious desaturation during bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy with BAL findings of lymphocyte populations is important in the early identification of inflammation and it helps in therapeutic strategies and monitoring of inflammatory response to the given therapy.
Pseći kutani histiocitom tumor je okruglih stanica. Najčešće se pojavljuje kod mladih pasa. Citološka pretraga često je dostatna za postavljanje konačne dijagnoze. Cilj ovog rada bio je naglasiti ...važnost uzimanja uzoraka za citološku pretragu, bolje razumijevanje citoloških karakteristika psećeg kutanog histiocitoma te povezanost upalnih stanica s regresijom tumora. Citološka pretraga vrlo je važna metoda u dijagnostici psećeg kutanog histiocitoma zbog točnosti, brzine, jednostavnosti i prihvatljive cijene. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno na 20 citoloških preparata iz arhive Zavoda za veterinarsku patologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Mikroskopskom pretragom ponovno su pregledani preparati i određene citološke karakteristike koje uključuju staničnost, omjer jezgre i citoplazme, prisutnost anizocitoze i anizokarioze, infiltraciju limfocita i neutrofila te prisutnost nekrotičnog debrisa.
Psorijaza je kronično-recidivirajuća upalna bolest kože obilježena poremećajem diferencijacije i proliferacije keratinocita te upalnim infiltratom, mahom T-limfocita u dermisu i epidermisu. ...Dosadašnje spoznaje upućuju da je psorijaza genski poremećaj proliferacije keratinocita posredovan T-limfocitima koji nastaje zbog poreme}ene aktivacije čimbenika stečene, ali i prirođene imunosti. Glavne populacije izvršnih stanica u psorijatičnom imunosnom odgovoru su pomagački CD4+ i citotoksični CD8+ T-limfociti. Obje vrste izvršnih T-limfocita djeluju na ciljne stanice, bilo putem lučenja citotoksinâ (perforina i granzima) ili pak putem molekula vezanih na membranu citotoksičnih stanica poput liganda za molekulu Fas (FasL). Za sada, uloga mehanizama stanične citotoksičnosti u patogenezi psorijaze, napose onih posredovanih perforinom, još nije dovoljno istražena. Perforin je citolitički protein pohranjen u citoplazmatskim granulama citotoksičnih T-limfocita i priro|eno ubilačkih stanica s osnovnom ulogom stvaranja perforinskih pora čime se otvara prolaz za ulaz granzima i drugih proapoptotskih molekula u ciljnu stanicu i izaziva njezina smrt apoptozom. Povečana ekspresija molekula perforina utvrđena je u oboljelih od nekih autoimunosnih bolesti kao što su multipla skleroza, autoimunosni tireoiditis te reumatoidni artritis. Novija istraživanja govore u prilog uključenosti ovih mehanizama i u imunopatogenezu psorijaze. Nakupljanje perforin-pozitivnih (P+) stanica u psorijatičnom epidermisu tik do apoptotski promijenjenih keratinocita upučuje da upravo T-limfociti oslobađanjem citolitičkih molekula uništavaju psorijatične keratinocite. S druge strane, apoptotski keratinociti mogli bi aktivirati regenerativni program cijeljenja uzrokujuči hiperplaziju keratinocita, što je ujedno i glavno obilježje psorijaze. Napredak u poznavanju izvršnog dijela stanične citotoksičnosti u psorijatičnom plaku možda će u budućnosti omogućiti da se odabirno zaustave određeni citolitički mehanizmi i molekule čime se uspostavlja potpuno nov i specifičniji pristup u liječenju psorijaze.
Imunoreakcija u respiratornoj infekciji
mora biti brza i učinkovita u prevenciji infekcija koje
su potencijalno letalnog ishoda. Međutim, pretjerana i
neadekvatna upalna i imunosna reakcija može ...značajno
oštetiti tkivo pluća i poremetiti respiracijsku funkciju.
Prvu liniju obrane čine mukus i trepetljike respiratornog
epitela, a zatim medijatori koji predstavljaju prirođenu
imunost. Ti medijatori (npr. laktoferin, lizozim, kolektini i
defenzini) mogu direktno lizirati mikroorganizme ili ih uništiti
opsonizacijom i mobilizacijom upalnih stanica. Specifi čna
imunost uključuje lučenje antitijela i T-limfocite. Različite
podgrupe T-limfocita koji izlučuju Th1 ili Th2-tipične citokine
mogu značajno utjecati na odstranjenje mikroorganizma u
plućima i inducirati oštećenje tkiva ovisno o vrsti citokina
koje izlučuju.
Profesionalna izloženost u industriji olova štetno utječe na zdravlje radnika. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno na 50 radnika izloženih olovu te 48 ispitanika kontrolne skupine primjenom testova za ...procjenu genomske nestabilnosti u limfocitima periferne krvi. Razine primarnoga oštećenja DNA procijenjene su alkalnim komet-testom, a citogenetičke abnormalnosti utvrđene su citohalazin blokiranim mikronukleus-testom (CBMN). Na podskupini od 20 izloženih i 16 kontrolnih ispitanika dodatno je proveden mikronukleus-test u kombinaciji s fluorescencijskom in situ hibridizacijom (MN-FISH). Primjenom pancentromernih sonda istražili smo učestalost mikronukleusa pozitivnih na centromere, nuklearnih pupova I nukleoplazmatskih mostova. Razine olova u krvi (B-Pb) izmjerene su atomskom apsorpcijskom spektrometrijom. Kako bismo utvrdili kumulativne učinke profesionalne izloženosti, izmjerili smo koncentracije eritrocitnoga protoporfirina (EP) i aktivnost dehidrataze delta-aminolevulinske kiseline (ALAD) u krvi. Također smo procijenili utjecaj serumskoga folata (S-folata) i vitamina B12 (S-B12) na stabilnost genoma. U usporedbi s podudarnim kontrolama, profesionalno izloženi radnici imali su značajno višu razinu B-Pb (298,36±162,07 vs. 41,58±23,02), učestalost MN-a (18,71±11,06 vs. 8,98±7,50), mikronukleusa pozitivnih na centromere (C+ MN) (8,15±1,8 vs. 3,69±0,47) i mikronukleusa negativnih na centromere (C- MN) (14,55±1,80 vs. 4,56±0,89). Izložene radnice imale su značajno veći intenzitet (TI) i duljinu (TL) repa u komettestu od ženskih kontrola. Nadalje, u radnika je utvrđena pozitivna korelacija između učestalosti jezgrinih pupova i MN-a s dobi, između MN-a i godina izloženosti te između TI-ja i aktivnosti ALAD-a i razina S-B12. Negativna korelacija utvrđena je između TI-ja i B-Pb. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da profesionalna izloženost olovu predstavlja značajan genotoksični rizik, što zahtijeva razvoj učinkovitijih programa zaštite na radu, uključujući povremeno praćenje B-Pb i genetičkih markera.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Granično akutno celularno odbacivanje bubrežnog presatka (granično ACO) je karakterizirano histološkim promjenama koje upućuju na ...akutno celularno odbacivanje, ali ne zadovoljavaju sve kriterije potrebne za postavljanje definitivne dijagnoze akutnog celularnog odbacivanja. Pokušali smo odrediti može li postotak limfocita CD4+Foxp3+ i CD4+Th17+ u upalnom infiltratu bubrežnog presatka s histološkim karakteristikama graničnog ACO pomoći u određivanju radi li se o reakciji akutnog odbacivanja presatka ili fiziološkoj prilagodbi organizma na donirani organ. Uz to smo pokušali utvrditi povezanost limfocita CD4+Foxp3+ i CD4+Th17+ s nastajanjem akutnih i kroničnih promjena u transplantatu bubrega. Zaključeno je da limfociti CD4+Th17+ pojačavaju akutne upalne promjene i vjerojatno sudjeluju u njihovom nastanku dok limfociti CD4+Foxp3+ u bubrežnom presatku s graničnim ACO nisu povezani s histološkim i kliničkim pokazateljima reakcije odbacivanja. Zaključeno je i da prisutnost limfocita CD4+Th17+ u graničnom ACO može poslužiti za definiranje stvarnog ACO u pacijenata s histološkim graničnim ACO tako što veći broj označava reakciju odbacivanja.- Borderline acute cellular rejection of renal allograft (borderline ACR) is considered when histological changes in renal allograft tissue are suspicious for rejection, but do not have enough criteria for making a diagnosis of acute cellular rejection. We wanted to define if CD4+Foxp3+ and CD4+Th17+ lymphocytes in renal allograft tissue with borderline ACR can determine if the reaction is indeed acute rejection or is it just physiological conditioning of the body to new organ. Also, we wanted to explore if these lymphocytes are involved in arising of acute and chronic changes in renal allograft. Based on the results we concluded that CD4+Th17+ lymphocytes increase acute changes and probably have a role in their evolving while the number of CD4+Foxp3+ lymphocytes does not correlate with rejection in borderline ACR, but the number of CD4+Th17+ lymphocytes in renal allograft tissue with borderline ACR can determine if the reaction is indeed acute rejection.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Uloga T regulatornih limfocita dobro je poznata, osobito kod tumora. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi doprinos ovih limfocita u regulaciji antitumorske imunosti CBA/HZgr miševa protiv MC-2 ...fibrosarkoma (4. generacija metilkolantrenom izazvanog tumora). Razine T limfocita (CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+) određivale su se 8 i 20 dana nakon transplantacije tumora. Nadalje, uloga CD4+CD25+ T limfocita (Treg) u interakciji tumora i domaćina procijenjena je in vitro i in vivo primjenom
specifičnih monoklonskih protutijela. Utvrdili smo da splenociti kako kontrolnih miševa tako i miševa s tumorom bez Treg snažno, ali različito suzbijaju rast tumorskih stanica in vitro. Dok su splenociti netretiranih miševa pokazivali značajno smanjenje ove aktivnosti (sa 74,4% na 62,6% i 32,95%), splenociti miševa bez Treg pokazivali su porast ove aktivnosti (sa 79,5% na 84,3% i 86,2%) od 6. do 13. i 21. dana nakon transplantacije tumora. Uz to, nakon i.v. injektiranja specifičnog monoklonskog anti-Treg tumorskog protutijela neposredno prije intrakutane transplantacije tumorskih stanica, nakon početkog rasta nastupilo je odbacivanje tumora. Kod tretiranih miševa incidencija Treg stanica bila u početku vrlo niska i dostigla je normalne vrijednosti dva tjedna kasnije. Nakon četiri mjeseca pokazalo se da su ove životinje otporne na transplantaciju tumora.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The probiotic potential of bacteria depends on the surface characteristics of
bacterial cells. Keeping this in mind, in this work ...the surface components of
the cells responsible for the aggregation ability and the production of
exopolysaccharides (EPS) were analyzed from the natural isolates of
lactobacilli. Lactobacilli strains used in this work were isolated from
autochthonous cheeses produced in households according to the traditional
technology. Selected lactobacilli showing the autoaggregation ability
(BGAR75, BGGR2-68, BGGR2- 82, BGDP9-85, BGDP1-84, BGNJ1-3, BGNJ1-61,
BGNJ1-70) as well as two selected strains which do not form aggregates
(BGAR76 and BGGR2-20) according to the comparison of their 16S rRNA gene
sequence to the NCBI database were classified in the group Lactobacillus
casei. The strain BGDU4-71 using the 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined as
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and the strain BGCG11, the
producer of the exopolysaccharide (EPS-CG11), was determined by AFLP
methodology as Lactobacillus paraplantarum. In order to characterize factors
involved in the aggregation process the kinetics and the type of
autoaggregation were analyzed. The kinetics (spectrofotometrically
determined) as well as the shape of the aggregates was variable among the
strains. Strains with fastest and the largest aggregates were BGSJ2-8, BGDP1-
84 and BGNJ1-6. The characterization of the nature of factors involved in
autoaggregation of selected strains of lactobacilli was performed by
exhaustive washing of the strains in distilled water and in PBS solution. It
was noticed that the autoaggregation ability was lost after exhaustive
washing in distilled water in all tested strains except BGDP1-84, which led
to the conclusion that the presence of some ions was necessary for the
formation of the aggregates. Besides, it was shown that some of the factors
promoting autoaggregation were of proteinaceous nature, since the ability was
lost after the proteinase K treatment. Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8
was able to form coaggregates with Listeria innocua ATCC33090, Escherichia
coli ATCC25922 or with Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium TR251, while its
derivative BGSJ2-81 that was not able to autoaggregate, did not show
coaggregation. Spectrofotometrical measurements of the interaction showed
that the coaggregation was disturbed after proteinase K treatment, which
indicated that coaggregation, as well as the autoaggregation, involve some
factors with proteinaceous nature. The analysis of the surface
characteristics of strains showing autoaggregation by hexadecane adhesion
method showed that all strains with the autoaggregation ability were highly
hydrophobic, while the ones that do not aggregate (as well as for the
derivative BGSJ2-81) have hydrophilic cell surface . The other part of the
work was including the analysis of the probiotic potential of the strain Lb.
paraplantarum BGCG11, which produces exopolysaccharide EPS-CG11, in in vitro
model systems. In this part of the work, the Muc derivatives from the
strain BGCG11 (NB1, NB4, NB16), obtained by novobiocin plasmid curing, were
included in analyses. The derivatives produce significantly lower amount of
EPS that differs from EPS-CG11 in composition. The analysis of survival in
simulated transit trough gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as well as the
adhesion to three cell lines (Caco-2, HT29, HT29-MTX) were performed by
counting of bacterial colonies before and after the treatment/interaction and
the percentage of survival/adhesion was calculated referring to the number of
bacteria before the incubation with cell lines. BGCG11 and Muc derivatives
(NB1, NB4 and NB16), resuspended in 10% skimmed milk, survived (1- 2%) the
simulated GIT transit. The EPS-CG11 was isolated and purified from the
supernatant of the liquid BGCG11 culture, cultivated in minimal media with
glucose as the only sugar source. HPLC method with MALLS detector was used to
monitor the change in molar mass and the amount of EPS-CG11 polymer after
simulated transit trough gastric and intestinal digestion. Obtained results
showed that the molar mass and the amount of EPSCG11 remained unchanged,
indicating that the enzymes in GIT did not affect the stability of the
purified EPS-CG11. Testing of the adhesion ability of BGCG11, as well as the
control probiotic strain Lb. rhamnosus GG, showed similar percentage of
adhesion for these two lactobacilli, while Mucderivatives NB1, NB4 and
NB16 expressed statistically significant higher percentage of adhesion to all
three cell lines. All tested strains showed very low percentage of adhesion
to HT29-MTX cell line, what is the most likely due to the presence of the
mucus barrier (HT29-MTX cell line, produces mucins, while Caco-2 cells do
not). The probiotic potential of the strain BGCG11 was also monitored by in
vitro analysis of the induction of the immune response in the presence of
UV-inactivated bacteria (BGCG11, Mucderivatives) and purified EPS-CG11, in
human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) isolated from healthy volunteers.
The immune response was monitored by the proliferation of PBLs (by using kit
for the proliferation measurement) and the cytokine production (IFNγ, TNFα,
IL-12, IL-10, IL-1β and IL-17) by flow cytometry. It was noticed that PBLs
proliferated in the presence of lactobacilli (BGCG11 and Mucderivatives
NB1, NB4 and NB16), while EPS-CG11 did not affect to the proliferation of
PBLs, which led to the conclusion that some other molecules, rather than EPS
were involved in inducing of the proliferation. Generally analyzing the type
of the immune response, the presence of BGCG11 and the EPS-CG11 (in
concentration of 100 g/ml) induced anti-inflammatory and a pro-Th17
response, while Muc derivatives NB1, NB4 and NB16 induced inflammatory
response in PBLs. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of the influence of
potential pathogenic microorganisms, alone or in coincubation with BGCG11,
derivative NB1 and EPS-CG11, on HT29-MTX cell line was performed. The
cytotoxic effect in HT29-MTX cell line (performed by measurement of the
lactate dehydrogenase activity) and the analysis of the production IL-8 (by
ELISA method) was performed. Obtained results were compared to the effects of
Lb. rhamnosus GG and its isolated and purified EPS-GG in the same
experimental conditions. From all tested pathogens, only Listeria
monocytogenes LMG13305 induced significant cell lyses in HT29-MTX cells,
which was reduced after coincubation of L. monocytogenes LMG13305 with
EPS-CG11. The level of the IL-8 production in HT29-MTX cells after
coincubation of pathogens with lactobacilli (BGCG11, Mucderivative NB1 and
Lb. rhamnosus GG) or with EPS molecules (EPS-CG11 or EPS-GG) was different in
comparison to levels obtained after incubation only with pathogenic strains.
BGCG11 and NB1 induced significantly higher level of IL-8 in the presence of
Salmonella enterica ser. Thyphymurium LMG15660, Shigella sonnei LMG10473 and
Yersinia enterocolitica LMG7899. In coincubation with L. monocytogenes
LMG13305, only BGCG11 increased the level of IL-8 production. EPS-CG11
decreased the level of this cytokine in coincubation with L. monocytogenes
LMG13305, while both type of EPS molecules (EPS-CG11 and EPS-GG)
significantly decreased the IL-8 production in coincubation with Clostridium
difficile LMG21717. The conclusion is that different molecules from the cell
surface of pathogens, and lactobacilli modify nonspecific immune response of
HT29-MTX cell line, while the presence of purified EPS molecules showed
silencing of this response. Hence, it is important to see whether the effects
of EPS-CG11 and EPS-GG are different, since the difference was seen when Lb.
rhamnosus GG and Lb. paraplantarum BGCG11 strains were. At the end of this
work, the potential EPS-CG11 operon was localized and characterized. Using
techniques of molecular genetics (cloning, sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization)
26463 bp of the sequence of large plasmid pCG1, lacking in Muc derivatives,
were obtained. In this plasmid the potential operon EPS-CG11 was localized:
the region of 15 kb with 15 open reading frames (ORFs). Based on the amino
acid sequence homology these ORFs were identified as: the priming
glycosyltransferase (ORF 1), glycosyltransferases (ORF 2, 3, 4, 5 and ORF 8),
polysaccharide polymerases (ORF 6 and 7), chain length determinators (ORF 9,
10 and 11) and the EPS biosynthesis regulators (ORF 10 and 11). Downstream
from these ORFs was the transposase, while ORF 13, 14, 15 and 16 showed
homology at the amino acid level with proteins involved in synthesis of
dTDP-rhamnose (rfbACBD genes) that is a part of the EPS-CG11 composition. In
this way, the new and original structure of the EPS-CG11 gene operon was for
the first time characterized in Lactobacillus paraplantarum species.
Moreover, this operon is also specific by its plasmid localization.- Probiotički potencijal bakterija u velikoj meri zavisi od površinskih
karakteristika bakterijske ćelije. Stoga su u ovom radu analizirane
površinske komponente ćelija odgovorne za agregacione sposobnosti i
produkciju egzopolisaharida (EPS) prirodnih izolata laktobacila. Sojevi
laktobacila korišćeni u ovom radu su izolovani iz autohtonih sireva
proizvedenih u domaćinstvima prema tradicionalnoj tehnologiji. Odabrani
laktobacili koji su ispoljavali autoagregaciju (BGAR75, BGGR2-68, BGGR2-82,
BGDP9-85, BGDP1-84, BGNJ1-3, BGNJ1-61, BGNJ1-70), kao i dva odabrana soja
koja ne agregiraju (BGAR76 i BGGR2-20), su klasifikovani na osnovu poređenja
nukleotidnih sekvenci gena za 16S rRNK sa NCBI bazom podataka i svrstani u
grupu Lactobacillus casei. Soj BGDU4-71 je determinisan sekvenciranjem 16S
rDNK kao Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, a soj BGCG11,
proizvođač egzopolisaharida (EPS-CG11), je determinisan AFLP metodom kao
Lactobacillus paraplantarum. U cilju karakterizacije fakto
Nastanak psorijatičnog artritisa povezuje se s genetskim i imunosnim čimbenicima te čimbenicima okoliša.
Psorijaza i psorijatični artritis povezani su s alelima MHC-a razreda I; psorijaza s HLA-C*06, ...a psorijatični artritis s
HLA-B*08, B*27, B*38 i B*39. Prirođena i stečena imunost pridonose patogenezi psorijatičnog artritisa. Ključni citokini
u patogenezi psorijatičnog artritisa jesu IL-12/23, IL-17A i TNF-α zbog čega je dosadašnje liječenje usmjereno
prema njihovoj blokadi. Erozije kosti posredovane su signalnim putovima NF-κB, IL-17 i RANKL. Recentne studije
naglašavaju biomehaničko naprezanje tetiva i mikrotraumu kao inicijalne faktore upale. Supklinička upala crijeva i
disbioza crijevnog mikrobioma također su mogući pokretači bolesti. Dosadašnje spoznaje o ključnim molekulama u
patogenezi psorijatičnog artritisa otvaraju putove novim istraživanjima i mogućnostima liječenja.
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