Plodovi bajama (jezgra) smatraju se diljem svijeta zdravom hranom jer osim svoje visoke nutritivne vrijednosti u povećanim koncentracijama sadrže i esencijalne bio-molekule, koje pozitivno djeluju na ...ljudski metabolizam i istodobno preveniraju najvažnije imunološke bolesti. Slijedom toga su u ekološkim uvjetima Ravnih kota ra provedena dvogodišnja istraživanja nakupljanja olova (Pb) u listu i pojedinim dijelovima ploda te istraživanja njihove korelacije. Od trenutka zametanja ploda prema zriobi razina Pb blago opada u svim dijelovima ploda, dok je kod lista to dvostruka sigmoidna krivulja. Razina Pb u listu je gotovo dvostruko veća negoli u dijelovima ploda, posebice u odnosu na jezgru i prema kraju vegetacije, što ukazuje na vrlo slabo premještanje Pb iz lista u sjemenku i/ili imobilizaciju Pb u endodermu lista. Razina Pb u jezgri bajama u fenofazi zrelosti kretala se od 0,27±0,031 do 0,40±0,021 mg/kg suhe tvari. To je izuzetno niska razina u odnosu na drugo voće, koje u svježem stanju sadrži veće razine Pb, a na razini suhe tvari nerijetko i tri do četiri puta više. Utvrđene su pozitivne korelacije između jezgre i koštice, odnosno lupine. Može se sa sigurnošću reći da se jezgra bajama proizvedena u ekološkim uvjetima Ravnih kotara može koristiti kao funkcionalna hrana, ali i kao sastavni dio hrane za dojenčad.
Almond fruits (kernels) are considered to be healthy all across the globe as they contain, in addition to their high nutritional value, an increased concentration of essential biomolecules that have positive effects on human metabolism and, at the same time, prevent the most important immune diseases. , As a result, in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area, the two-year studies of lead (Pb) accumulation in the leaves and certain parts of the fruit were carried out, and their correlations were calculated. Subsequent to the day on which the fruit was set (DAFS) till germination, the level of Pb decreased slightly in all parts of the fruit, whereas the direction manifested a double sigmoid curve when it comes to the leaf. The level of Pb in the leaf was almost twice as high when compared to the parts of the fruit, especially in relation to the kernels, and toward the end of vegetation, which indicates a weak transfer of Pb from the leaf to the kernel and/or an immobilization of Pb in the leaf endoderm. The concentration of Pb in almond kernel in the phenophase of maturity ranged from 0.27±0.031 to 0.40±0.021 mg/kg of dry matter. This is an extremely low level of concentration if compared to the other fruits, which contain the higher levels of Pb when fresh, often being three to four times greater amounts in terms of dry matter. Positive correlations were found between the kernel and the endocarp, as well as between the kernel and the exocarp. Thus, it is safe to assert that almond kernels produced in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area may be qualified as “functional food,” but they may also constitute an integral part of infant foodstuffs.
The type-specimens of one-hundred and twenty taxa of the tribe Adoliadini from Philippines are examined and the classification of species-subspecies relations is revised. With information of the type ...locality and the current repository of the type or syntypes all of the taxonomic names are shown alphabetically in part 1. The annotated synonymic list is present in part 2.
The taxa of the Lygephila lubrica (Freyer, 1846) species complex are revised. The genital features of all known taxa are described and illustrated, with special reference to the structure of the ...vesica. Genitalia of Lygephila lubrica from different places in Russia, Central Asia and China are studied, illustrated and compared with different Mongolian populations. Lygephila kazachkaratavika , described as a subspecies, is raised to a species level, stat. n. Neotypes of Lygephila lubrosa (Staudinger, 1901), Lygephila lubrosa kazachkaratavika Stshetkin YuL & Stshetkin YuYu, 1994 1997 and Lygephila lubrosa orbonaria Stshetkin YuL & Stshetkin YuYu, 1994 1997 are designated. The female genitalia of the type of Lygephila lupina (Graeser, 1890) is described and illustrated for the first time, and Lygephila mirabilis (Bryk, 1948) treated here as a junior subjective synonym, syn. n.
Recent expeditions in the Pondaung Formation have revealed an assemblage of hyaenodontid creodonts from the late middle Eocene of Myanmar. Among the three proviverrines known from the fauna, ...Kyawdawia lupina gen. et sp. nov. is represented by the most complete dental materials. Kyawdawia is similar to the proviverrines known from the Eocene and middle Miocene of India–Pakistan and from the late Eocene to middle Miocene of Africa, in that it has a short protocone and strong buccal cingulum on M1-2, a small metaconid on m2-3 and a well-basined talonid on p4-m2. In addition, it lacks an anterior accessory cusp on p4 and the distinction between the hypoconulid and entoconid on the lower molars. It is unique among the Afroasian proviverrines in lacking a protocone lobe on P4 and in having a broader paracone relative to the metacone on M1-2. This species is one of the largest proviverrines and was estimated to be the size of a red wolf. The type specimen includes postcranial materials. The well-developed deltopectoral crest, supracondylar ridge and medial epicondyle of the humerus and the relatively short gracile tibia suggest some digging adaptations, while the two well preserved caudal vertebrae indicate the presence of a long tail. The cladistic analysis of 14 proviverrines from Europe and Afroasia based on dental morphologies supports the monophyly of proviverrines from Africa and South and Southeast Asia. This group must have originated from the European forms by the early Eocene and dispersed into South and Southeast Asia. Kyawdawia is phylogenetically closest to Masrasector from the late Eocene to early Oligocene of Egypt and Oman, and the second closest to Paratritemnodon from the middle Eocene of India–Pakistan. The other two Pondaung proviverrines, Yarshea cruenta and an indeterminate proviverrine, are also close to these genera.
Određen je učinak 24-satne fermentacije sjemenki lupine pomoću različitih sojeva kvasca na njihov kemijski sastav. Nakon fermentacije se bitno povećao maseni udjel proteina, njihova probavljivost in ...vitro i biološka aktivnost. Aminokiselinski profil fermentiranih proizvoda bio je sličan onom sirovih sjemenki lupine. Pronađen je bitno manji maseni udjel oligosaharida i fitata, ali ne i alkaloida. Povećali su se udjeli mliječne i propionske kiseline, što je bitno smanjilo pH-vrijednost fermentiranih proizvoda. Najbolji kemijski sastav imale su sjemenke plave lupine fermentirane pomoću pekarskog kvasca (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) i soja Fermivin 701.
U radu je ispitan utjecaj hranidbe štakora sjemenkama žute i plave lupine, sirovim ili fermentiranim s pomoću kvasca Candida utilis, na njihov rast i fiziološke promjene. Štakori su u grupama po osam ...jedinki hranjeni sojinom sačmom, te sirovim ili fermentiranim sjemenkama plave i žute lupine tijekom četiri tjedna. Sjemenke žute lupine znatno su povećale (p<0,05) unos hrane, probavljivost proteina i tjelesnu masu, te povećale omjer proteinske djelotvornosti u usporedbi sa sjemenkama plave lupine. Sjemenke su plave lupine pak bitno utjecale (p<0,05) na fermentacijske procese u gastrointestinalnom traktu, za razliku od žute lupine. Fermentacijom se u sjemenkama lupine povećao udjel sirovih proteina, a smanjio udjel fitata i oligosaharida. U fermentiranim je proizvodima pronađeno više bakterija mliječno-kiselog vrenja te kvasaca, a manje koliformnih bakterija. Fermentacija s pomoću kvasca Candida utilis pozitivno (p<0,05) je utjecala na probavljivost proteina, povećanje tjelesne mase i omjer proteinske djelotvornosti, koncentraciju kolesterola u krvi, te na aktivnost nekih bakterijskih enzima.
Cilj istraživanja bio je usporediti hranjivu vrijednost sjemena triju sorti lupine Boregine (angustifolium), Dieta (bijela) i Dukat (žuta) posijane na poljima SZP VFU Brno, Nový Jičín. Količina ...sirovih bjelančevina (NL) u suhoj tvari uzorka sjemena Boregine iznosila je 331,50 g/kg, Dieta 391,39 g/kg i 431,00 g/kg za Dukat. Sortu Dieta karakterizirao je visoki sadržaj masti 85,97 g/kg u usporedbi sa sortom Boregine 50,39 g/kg i Dukat 45,5 g/kg. Sadržaj masti odgovara i sadržaju ukupne energije (BE), koji je bio kod sorte Boregine 19,69 MJ/kg, Dieta 20,85 MJ/kg i Dukat 19,96 MJ/kg. Sorta Dieta imala je i najniži sadržaj sirove vlaknine i to 106,14 g/kg, u
usporedbi s Boregine 160,85 g/kg i Dukat 166,51 g/kg. Sjemenke žute lupine Dukat odlikovale su se najnižim sadržajem NET-a 301,67 g/kg i škroba 56,23 g/kg u odnosu na sjemenke Diete 370,54 g/kg i 83,28 g/kg i Boregine 415,19 g/kg i 98,65 g/kg. Sorta Dukat sadržala je najviše pepela 54,97 g/kg, P 9,47 g/kg i Mg 3,76 g/kg u odnosu
na druge sorte. Kakvoća bjelančevina procijenjena na temelju zastupljenosti pojedinih aminokiselina (AA spektra), kod navedenih sorti lupine razlikuje se minimalno. Razlika je samo kvantitativna. Najviše AA (Σ AA) sadržavalo je sjemenje Dukat 400,18 g/kg, pa Dieta 365,50 g/kg te Boregine 294,49 g/kg. Usporediva kakvoća
bjelančevina u postotku zastupljenosti AA iz Σ AA bila je kod sorte Boregine (zastupljenost esencijalnih i neesencijalnih aminokiselina) 46,41% i 53,59%, kod sorte Dieta 45,75% i 54,25% te kod sorte Dukat 46,47% i 53,53%. Najveća razlika između pojedinih sorti zabilježena je kod nutritivne vrijednosti masti procijenjenoj prema zastupljenosti pojedinih masnih kiselina (FA). Kao najbolje ulje pokazalo se ulje bijele sorte Dieta, koje je sadržavalo najviše n-3 FA 7,960 g/kg ulja (6,843 g/kg sjemena) u usporedbi sa sortom Boregine 3,690 g/kg ulja (1,859 g/ kg sjemena) ili sortom Dukat 6,020 g/kg ulja (2,760 g/kg sjemena). Kod sorte Dieta najbolji dijetetski omjer
n-3 FA: n-6 FA bio je 1: 1,45 u odnosu na sortu Dukat 1: 6,82 ili sortu Boregine 1: 9,28
"We're at a point of saturation, the buyers are just not there," said Realtor Tony Lupina, of RE/MAX Valley Properties in Morgan Hill. "Inventory is up, interest rates are up, we may be heading ...toward a normal market. We may even see a potential buyer's market." The median home price has hit $725,000 in Gilroy and $827,000 in Morgan Hill. Patty Filice, a broker associate with Intero Real Estate, speculated that prices have put many homes out of reach. Lupina and Filice predicted modest growth over the next year, though Lupina said owners of homes that cost more than $1.5 million "may have to get more real."
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