This open access book proposes a conceptual framework for understanding measurement across a broad range of scientific fields and areas of application, such as physics, engineering, education, and ...psychology. It addresses contemporary issues and controversies within measurement in light of the framework, including operationalism, definitional uncertainty, and the relations between measurement and computation, and describes how the framework, operating as a shared concept system, supports understanding measurement’s work in different domains, using examples in the physical and human sciences. This revised and expanded second edition features a new analysis of the analogies and the differences between the error/uncertainty-related approach adopted in physical measurement and the validity-related approach adopted in psychosocial measurement. In addition, it provides a better analysis and presentation of measurement scales, in particular about their relations with quantity units, and introduces the measurand identification/definition as a part of the "Hexagon Framework" along with new examples from the physical and psychosocial sciences. Researchers and academics across a wide range of disciplines including biological, physical, social, and behavioral scientists, as well as specialists in measurement and philosophy appreciate the work’s fresh and provocative approach to the field at a time when sound measurements of complex scientific systems are increasingly essential to solving critical global problems.
Metrology is the science of measurement, which can be divided into three overlapping activities: (1) the definition of units of measurement, (2) the realization of units of measurement, and (3) the ...traceability of measurement units. Manufacturing metrology originally implicates the measurement of components and inputs for a manufacturing process to assure they are within specification requirements. It can also be extended to indicate the performance measurement of manufacturing equipment. This Special Issue covers papers revealing novel measurement methodologies and instrumentations for manufacturing metrology from the conventional industry to the frontier of the advanced hi-tech industry. Twenty-five papers are included in this Special Issue. These published papers can be categorized into four main groups, as follows: Length measurement: covering new designs, from micro/nanogap measurement with laser triangulation sensors and laser interferometers to very-long-distance, newly developed mode-locked femtosecond lasers. Surface profile and form measurements: covering technologies with new confocal sensors and imagine sensors: in situ and on-machine measurements. Angle measurements: these include a new 2D precision level design, a review of angle measurement with mode-locked femtosecond lasers, and multi-axis machine tool squareness measurement. Other laboratory systems: these include a water cooling temperature control system and a computer-aided inspection framework for CMM performance evaluation.
Adapting Educational and Psychological Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessment critically examines and advances new methods and practices for adapting tests for cross-cultural assessment and research. ...The International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for test adaptation and conceptual and methodological issues in test adaptation are described in detail, and questions of ethics and concern for validity of test scores in cross-cultural contexts are carefully examined. Advances in test translation and adaptation methodology, including statistical identification of flawed test items, establishing equivalence of different language versions of a test, and methodologies for comparing tests in multiple languages, are reviewed and evaluated. The book also focuses on adapting ability, achievement, and personality tests for cross-cultural assessment in educational, industrial, and clinical settings.
This book furthers the ITC's mission of stimulating research on timely topics associated with assessment. It provides an excellent resource for courses in psychometric methods, test construction, and educational and/or psychological assessment, testing, and measurement. Written by internationally known scholars in psychometric methods and cross-cultural psychology, the collection of chapters should also provide essential information for educators and psychologists involved in cross-cultural assessment, as well as students aspiring to such careers.
Contents: Preface. Part I: Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Tests: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. R.K. Hambleton, Issues, Designs, and Technical Guidelines for Adapting Tests Into Multiple Languages and Cultures. F.J.R. van de Vijver, Y.H. Poortinga, Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Adapting Tests. T. Oakland, Selected Ethical Issues Relevant to Test Adaptations. S.G. Sireci, L. Patsula, R.K. Hambleton, Statistical Methods for Identifying Flaws in the Test Adaptation Process. S.G. Sireci, Using Bilinguals to Evaluate the Comparability of Different Language Versions of a Test. L.L. Cook, A.P. Schmitt-Cascallar, Establishing Score Comparability for Tests Given in Different Languages. L.L. Cook, A.P. Schmitt-Cascallar, C. Brown, Adapting Achievement and Aptitude Tests: A Review of Methodological Issues. Part II: Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Tests: Applications to Achievement, Aptitude, and Personality Tests. C.T. Fitzgerald, Test Adaptation in a Large-Scale Certification Program. C.Y. Maldonado, K.F. Geisinger, Conversion of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Into Spanish: An Early Test Adaption Effort of Considerable Consequence. N.K. Tanzer, Developing Tests for Use in Multiple Languages and Cultures: A Plea for Simultaneous Development. F. Drasgow, T.M. Probst, The Psychometrics of Adaptation: Evaluating Measurement Equivalence Across Languages and Cultures. M. Beller, N. Gafni, P. Hanani, Constructing, Adapting, and Validating Admissions Tests in Multiple Languages: The Israeli Case. P.F. Merenda, Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Testing. C.D. Spielberger, M.S. Moscoso, T.M. Brunner, Cross-Cultural Assessment of Emotional States and Personality Traits.
The papers by Jack Stenner included in this book document the technical details of an art and science of measurement that creates new entrepreneurial business opportunities. Jack brought theory, ...instruments, and data together in ways that are applicable not only in the context of a given test of reading or mathematics ability, but which more importantly catalyzed literacy and numeracy capital in new fungible expressions. Though Jack did not reflect in writing on the inferential, constructive processes in which he engaged, much can be learned by reviewing his work with his accomplishments in mind. A Foreword by Stenner's colleague and co-author on multiple works, William P. Fisher, Jr., provides key clues concerning (a) how Jack's understanding of measurement and its values aligns with social and historical studies of science and technology, and (b) how recent developments in collaborations of psychometricians and metrologists are building on and expanding Jack's accomplishments. This is an open access book.
To improve the measurement accuracy of high-frequency traveling wave signals, eliminate the measurement errors of the existing measuring device caused by its complex distribution parameters, an ...induction fault traveling wave measurement method based on tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) is proposed. A new type of induction current traveling wave sensor is designed and developed in this study. The influence of the sensor's spatial position in the magnetic field on measurement accuracy is analyzed. The high-frequency traveling wave signal is obtained by measuring the magnetic field generated by the wave in the conductor. A unique coefficient matrix based on the sensor installation position on the overhead line is established to correct the interference error of the sensor and to calculate the accurate primary system waveform to enable high-precision, wideband, and induction measurement of the traveling wave signals. Simulation and experimental tests demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing traveling wave measurement methods in terms of accuracy and reflects the primary system current traveling wave more accurately. The proposed sensor has the advantages of small size, excellent frequency characteristics, and live installation without power outage, making it suitable for widely applied in the distribution networks to measure low amplitude high-frequency current traveling wave signals.
Rapid and Accurate C - V Measurements Ji-Hong Kim; Shrestha, Pragya R.; Campbell, Jason P. ...
IEEE transactions on electron devices,
10/2016, Volume:
63, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We report a new technique for the rapid measurement of full capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic curves. The displacement current from a 100-MHz applied sine wave, which swings from accumulation ...to strong inversion, is digitized directly using an oscilloscope from the MOS capacitor under test. A C-V curve can be constructed directly from this data but is severely distorted due to nonideal behavior of real measurement systems. The key advance of this paper is to extract the system response function using the same measurement setup and a known MOS capacitor. The system response correction to the measured C-V curve of the unknown MOS capacitor can then be done by simple deconvolution. No deskewing and/or leakage current correction is necessary, making it a very simple and quick measurement. Excellent agreement between the new fast C-V method and C-V measured conventionally by an LCR meter is achieved. The total time required for measurement and analysis is approximately 2 s, which is limited by our equipment.
This paper is concerned about effective incorporation of a limited number of phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements into the state estimation solution in order to enhance the state tracking ...accuracy and speed. This is particularly important for fast changing system conditions when rapid control action may be necessary based on the onset of voltage instability due to an unexpected event. Under such conditions, SCADA-based state estimators may be too slow in capturing the changes in system state due to the low scan rates of the order of seconds. PMU measurements on the other hand provide refresh rates of milliseconds; however, they may not provide full system observability. In this work, a solution is proposed in order to address the lack of observability by the PMU measurements while maintaining fast tracking capability as well as estimation robustness against pseudo-measurement and PMU errors. Robustness is accomplished via the use of the so-called least absolute value estimator which minimizes L1 norm of the residuals. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the expected benefits of this implementation on test systems.
This collection represents successful invited submissions from the papers presented at the 8th Annual Conference of Energy Economics and Management held in Beijing, China, 22–24 September 2017. With ...over 500 participants, the conference was co-hosted by the Management Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Society of Energy Economics and Management, and Renmin University of China on the subject area of “Energy Transition of China: Opportunities and Challenges”.
The major strategies to transform the energy system of China to a sustainable model include energy/economic structure adjustment, resource conservation, and technology innovation. Accordingly, the conference and its associated publications encourage research to address the major issues faced in supporting the energy transition of China.
Papers published in this collection cover the broad spectrum of energy economics issues, including building energy efficiency, industrial energy demand, public policies to promote new energy technologies, power system control technology, emission reduction policies in energy-intensive industries, emission measurements of cities, energy price movement, and the impact of new energy vehicle.
Since 1984, Geophysical Data Analysis has filled the need for a short, concise reference on inverse theory for individuals who have an intermediate background in science and mathematics. The new ...edition maintains the accessible and succinct manner for which it is known, with the addition of: MATLAB examples and problem setsAdvanced color graphicsCoverage of new topics, including Adjoint Methods; Inversion by Steepest Descent, Monte Carlo and Simulated Annealing methods; and Bootstrap algorithm for determining empirical confidence intervalsOnline data sets and MATLAB scripts that can be used as an inverse theory tutorial.
Additional material on probability, including Bayesian influence, probability density function, and metropolis algorithmDetailed discussion of application of inverse theory to tectonic, gravitational and geomagnetic studiesNumerous examples and end-of-chapter homework problems help you explore and further understand the ideas presentedUse as classroom text facilitated by a complete set of exemplary lectures in Microsoft PowerPoint format and homework problem solutions for instructorsCheck out the companion website: http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780123971609 and the Instructor website: http://textbooks.elsevier.com/web/manuals.aspx?isbn=9780123971609
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