As an effective data representation, storage, management, calculation and model for analysis, ontology has attracted more and more attention by researchers and it has been applied to various ...engineering disciplines. In the background of big data, the ontology is expected to increase the amount of data information and the structure of its corresponding ontology graph has become more important due to its complexity. It demands that the ontology algorithm must be more efficient than before. In a specific engineering application, the ontology algorithm is required to find in a quick way the semantic matching set of the concept and rank it back to the user according to their similarities. Therefore, to use learning tricks to get better ontology algorithms is an open problem nowadays.
The aim of the present paper is to present a partial multi–dividing ontology algorithm with the aim of obtaining an efficient approach to optimize the partial multi–dividing ontology learning model. For doing it we state several theoretical results from a statistical learning theory perspective. Moreover, we present five experiments in different engineering fields to show the precision of our partial multi-dividing algorithm from angles of ontology, similarity measuring and ontology mapping building point of view.
The article analyses and evaluates the ever-important topic of assessing geometric deviation of tolerated formations related to bases with the usage of coordinate measuring machines. The basic system ...for off-line simulation consists of the coordinate planes of a component’s coordinate system. At the beginning of the measurement, the coordinate system is created by the “3–2–1” alignment. Due to production deviations in real surfaces of the component, each measurement generates mutually different coordinate systems, which is well proven by the experiment on measuring with a coordinate measuring machine DEA Global Performance 12.22.10. An integral part of the article is also the quantification of geometric deviations of ideal tolerated formations related to bases, the estimate of the uncertainty of measurement arising from the placement of points in defining the base system, and the effect of such uncertainty upon the interval of satisfactory values in conformity with the STN EN ISO 14253-1 technical standard. The article also includes a proposal measure in order to ensure the reproducibility of defining the mutual position of coordinate systems.
This open access book proposes a conceptual framework for understanding measurement across a broad range of scientific fields and areas of application, such as physics, engineering, education, and ...psychology. It addresses contemporary issues and controversies within measurement in light of the framework, including operationalism, definitional uncertainty, and the relations between measurement and computation, and describes how the framework, operating as a shared concept system, supports understanding measurement’s work in different domains, using examples in the physical and human sciences. This revised and expanded second edition features a new analysis of the analogies and the differences between the error/uncertainty-related approach adopted in physical measurement and the validity-related approach adopted in psychosocial measurement. In addition, it provides a better analysis and presentation of measurement scales, in particular about their relations with quantity units, and introduces the measurand identification/definition as a part of the "Hexagon Framework" along with new examples from the physical and psychosocial sciences. Researchers and academics across a wide range of disciplines including biological, physical, social, and behavioral scientists, as well as specialists in measurement and philosophy appreciate the work’s fresh and provocative approach to the field at a time when sound measurements of complex scientific systems are increasingly essential to solving critical global problems.
We use observational data from the Pantheon supernovae sample, direct Hubble constant measurements with cosmic chronometers, the cosmic microwave background shift parameter CMBshift, and ...redshift-space distortion (fσ8) measurements, in order to constrain f(T) gravity. We do not follow the common γ parametrization within the semianalytical approximation of the growth rate, in order to avoid model-dependent uncertainties. To our knowledge this is the first time that f(T) gravity has been analyzed within a Bayesian framework, and with background and perturbation behaviour considered jointly. We show that all three examined f(T) models are able to adequately describe the fσ8 data. Furthermore, by applying the Akaike, Bayesian and deviance information criteria, we conclude that all considered models are statistically equivalent; however the most efficient candidate is the exponential model, which additionally presents a small deviation from the ΛCDM paradigm.
The Peak Design Ltd hyperspectral radiometer (HSR1) was tested at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in Lamont, Oklahoma, for 2 months from May ...to July 2022. The HSR1 is a prototype instrument that measures total (F.sub.total) and diffuse (F.sub.diffuse) spectral irradiance from 360 to 1100 nm with a spectral resolution of 3 nm. The HSR1 spectral irradiance measurements are compared to nearby collocated spectral radiometers, including two multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs) and the Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric (SASHe) radiometer. The F.sub.total at 500 nm for the HSR1 compared to the MFRSRs has a mean (relative) difference of 0.01 W m.sup.-2 nm.sup.-1 (1 %-2 %). The HSR1 mean F.sub.diffuse at 500 nm is smaller than the MFRSRs' by 0.03-0.04 (10 %) W m.sup.-2 nm.sup.-1 . The HSR1 clear-sky aerosol optical depth (AOD) is also retrieved by considering Langley regressions and compared to collocated instruments such as the Cimel sunphotometer (CSPHOT), MFRSRs, and SASHe. The mean HSR1 AOD at 500 nm is larger than the CSPHOT's by 0.010 (8 %) and larger than the MFRSRs' by 0.007-0.017 (6 %-18 %). In general, good agreement between the HSR1 and other instruments is found in terms of the F.sub.total, F.sub.diffuse, and AODs at 500 nm. The HSR1 quantities are also compared at other wavelengths to the collocated instruments. The comparisons are within â¼ 10 % for the F.sub.total and F.sub.diffuse, except for 940 nm, where there is relatively larger disagreement. The AOD comparisons are within â¼ 10 % at 415 and 440 nm; however, a relatively larger disagreement in the AOD comparison is found for higher wavelengths.
In grinding, the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) determines the heat transfer ratio and the grinding temperature, and it indirectly identifies the surface integrity. No effective method ...for calculating CHTC is available for aerosol cooling, and it still lacks the measuring equipment that accords with the actual condition of aerosol cooling. On this basis, the atomization mechanism of nanofluid aerosol cooling (NAC) was studied, the influence of jet parameters on the spray boundary was revealed, and the probability density of droplet size in the grinding zone was statistically analyzed. A theoretical model for the CHTC of NAC was developed on the basis of the analysis of the heat transfer coefficient of a single nanofluid droplet. Furthermore, a new method for measuring the CHTC of aerosol cooling was proposed, and the measuring equipment was designed and built. The measurement error of the measurement system was calculated, and results showed that the measurement error of the new measuring equipment is 0.044 (10−2 W/mm2·K). Nanofluids were prepared by using medical nanoparticles and normal saline, and the CHTC was calculated and measured. The results showed that the theoretical model error is 7.26%, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical model.
Abstract As the novel research of space technologies, non-terrestrial-network (NTN) is one of the most important technologies. Mega satellite constellation is the baseline of the NTN technologies. ...Unfortunately, as the density of satellite deployment, the risk of collisions between satellites also increases significantly. Therefore, sensing technology is an important solution to avoid collisions within constellation. In this article, a sensing system for satellite constellation is proposed. It contains multiple subsystems working together to ensure measurement accuracy. An accurate laser measurement based on frequency swept interferometer (FIS) is the core of the sensing technologies. With a sensing distance of a few hundred meters, the specific FSI system can realize microns meterss accuracy in many experiments. Those results guarantee the well performance of the sensing system.
Die stetig voranschreitende Entwicklung im Bereich der Fertigung optischer und elektronischer Elemente auf Basis von Nanotechnologien führt seit Jahren zu einer steigenden Nachfrage nach hochpräzisen ...Nanomess- und Nanofabrikationsmaschinen (The International Roadmap For Devices And Systems, IEEE, 2020; C. Grant Willson and B. J. Roman, “The future of lithography: SEMATECH litho forum 2008,”
, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 1323–1328, 2008). Als technologisch besonders anspruchsvoll hat sich dabei die Fabrikation auf stark geneigten, gekrümmten, asphärischen und freigeformten Oberflächen herausgestellt (R. Schachtschneider, et al., “Interlaboratory comparison measurements of aspheres,”
, vol. 29, no. 13pp, p. 055010, 2018). Aufbauend auf den zukunftsweisenden Entwicklungen der Nanopositionier- und Nanomessmaschine 1 (NMM-1) (G. Jäger, E. Manske, T. Hausotte, and J.-J. Büchner, “Nanomessmaschine zur abbefehlerfreien Koordinatenmessung,”
, vol. 67, nos. 7–8, pp. 319–323, 2000) und der Nanopositionier- und Nanomessmaschine 200 (NPMM-200) (E. Manske, G. Jäger, T. Hausotte, and F. Balzer, “Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine NPMM-200 – sub-nanometre resolution and highest accuracy in extended macroscopic working areas,” in
, 2017), wird an der Technischen Universität Ilmenau seit mehreren Jahren an Konzepten für NPMM mit erhöhtem Freiheitsgrad geforscht (F. Fern, “Metrologie in fünfachsigen Nanomess- und Nanopositioniermaschinen,” Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 2020; R. Schienbein, “Grundlegende Untersuchungen zum konstruktiven Aufbau von Fünfachs-Nanopositionier- und Nanomessmaschinen,” Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 2020). So besitzt der seit 2020 entwickelte Demonstrator
(J. Leinweber, C. Meyer, R. Füßl, R. Theska, and E. Manske, “Ein neuartiges Konzept für 5D Nanopositionier-, Nanomess-, und Nanofabrikationsmaschinen,”
, vol. 37, nos. 1–10, 2022) neben dem kartesischen Verfahrbereich von 25 mm × 25 mm × 5 mm zusätzlich ein Rotationsvermögen des Tools von 360° sowie ein Neigungsvermögen von 50°. Im folgenden Artikel wird davon ausgehend die mechanische und metrologische Charakterisierung der parallelkinematisch aktuierten Rotationserweiterung präsentiert. Hierbei konzentrieren sich durchgeführte Untersuchungen primär auf die kinematisch verursachten Abweichungen des Tool Center Point (TCP) sowie die Detektierung dieser Abweichungen mit einem interferometrischen
-Referenzmesssystem. Darüber kann perspektivisch eine geregelte Kompensation der auftretenden TCP-Abweichungen erfolgen.
We present a 12-year time series of continuous atmospheric measurements of O.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 at the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the United Kingdom. These measurements are combined into ...the term atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), a tracer that is invariant to terrestrial biosphere fluxes. The CO.sub.2, O.sub.2 and APO datasets discussed are hourly averages between May 2010 and December 2021. We include details of our measurement system and calibration procedures, and describe the main long-term and seasonal features of the time series. The 2 min repeatability of the measurement system is approximately ±3 per meg for O.sub.2 and approximately ±0.005 ppm for CO.sub.2 . The time series shows average long-term trends of 2.40 ppm yr.sup.-1 (2.38 to 2.42) for CO.sub.2, -24.0 per meg yr.sup.-1 for O.sub.2 (-24.3 to -23.8) and -11.4 per meg yr.sup.-1 (-11.7 to -11.3) for APO, over the 12-year period. The average seasonal cycle peak-to-peak amplitudes are 16 ppm for CO.sub.2, 134 per meg for O.sub.2 and 68 per meg for APO. The diurnal cycles of CO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 vary considerably between seasons. The datasets are publicly available at
Purpose Since 2012, PCORI has been funding patient-centered comparative effectiveness research with a requirement for engaging patients and other stakeholders in the research, a requirement that is ...unique among the US funders of clinical research. This paper presents PCORI's evaluation framework for assessing the short- and long-term impacts of engagement; describes engagement in PCORI projects (types of stakeholders engaged, when in the research process they are engaged and how they are engaged, contributions of their engagement); and identifies the effects of engagement on study design, processes, and outcomes selection, as reported by both PCORI-funded investigators and patient and other stakeholder research partners. Methods Detailed quantitative and qualitative information collected annually from investigators and their partners was analyzed via descriptive statistics and cross-sectional qualitative content and thematic analysis, and compared against the outcomes expected from the evaluation framework and its underlying conceptual model. Results The data support the role of engaged research partners in refinements to the research questions, selection of interventions to compare, choice of study outcomes and how they are measured, contributions to strategies for recruitment, and ensuring studies are patient-centered. Conclusions The evaluation framework and the underlying conceptual model are supported by results to date. PCORI will continue to assess the effects of engagement as the funded projects progress toward completion, dissemination, and uptake into clinical decision making.
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