•Application of MeJA significantly enhanced salt tolerance of okra plants.•H2O2 acted a toxic accumulation of ROS rather than as a second messenger for signal transduction under salt stress of okra ...plants.•Exogenous MeJA increased the accumulation of JA, ABA and proline, which enhances salt tolerance of okra plants, by regulating endogenous hormones metabolism and osmotic adjustment substances, photosynthesis pigment and ROS metabolism.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as a plant growth regulator, which is involves in many morphological and physiological processes, plays an important role in defense systems of plants under stress conditions. However, the roles of physiological and biochemical mechanisms of enhancing salt tolerance of okra plants based on application of MeJA is poorly understood. In this study, the application of the investigated 50 μM MeJA significantly improved salt tolerance of okra plants based on the germination rates and culture pot experiment under salt stress. Based on optimal concentration of MeJA inducing salt tolerance of okra plants, application of 5 mM diphenyleneiodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor, DPI) and 50 μM MeJA + 5 mM DPI, respectively, significantly increased salt tolerance of okra plants. Assays on the content of component matter indicated the significant increases of JA, ABA, proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, photosynthetic pigment and relative water, glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) content and the significant decreases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (O2−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage rates were observed in okra plants with 50 μM MeJA under salt stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) related to ROS scavenging were also enhanced in okra plants by applied MeJA under salt stress. Furthermore, the marked decreases of H2O2, O2- and MDA content, and the significant increases of CAT, GR and APX activities and GSH and ASA content involved in ASA-GSH cycle were observed in MeJA-okra, DPI-okra and MeJA+DPI-okra plants under salt stress. H2O2 acted a toxic accumulation of ROS rather than as a second messenger for signal transduction in okra plants. These results demonstrate that exogenous MeJA increases the accumulation of JA, ABA and proline, which enhances salt tolerance of okra plants, by regulating osmotic balance and protecting membrane integrity and photosynthesis and activating ROS scavenging system. As a conclusion, treating okra plants with 50 μM MeJA could alleviate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses.
Chilling injury (CI) is a physiological disorder induced by cold, which heavily limit crop production and postharvest preservation worldwide. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can alleviate CI in various fruit ...species, including peach; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, changes in contents of phenolics, lipids, and jasmonic acid (JA) and gene expressions are compared between MeJA and control fruit. Exogenous MeJA inhibited expressions of PpPAL1, PpPPO1, and PpPOD1/2 but did not affect the phenolic content. Furthermore, MeJA fruit showed lower relative electrolyte leakage, indicating less membrane damage. Meanwhile, the enrichment of linoleic acid in the potential lipid biomarkers, especially phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol, coincided with lower expressions of PpFAD8.1 but higher PpLOX3.1 and JA content. In the JA signaling pathway, MeJA significantly upregulated expressions of PpMYC2.2 and PpCBF3 but downregulated PpMYC2.1. In conclusion, adjustments of fatty acids in phospholipids contribute to MeJA-induced alleviation of CI in peach fruit via induction of the JA-mediated C-repeat-binding factor pathway.
Fasilitas dalam bekerja dapat berpengaruh pada efisiensi dan kenyamanan dalam melakukan pekerjaan. Meja QC adalah salah satu fasilitas yang dapat menunjang pekerjaan yang perlu diperbaiki agar sesuai ...dengan kebutuhan dan juga dapat memberikan kenyamanan dalam bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk meja quality control yang mengintegrasikan metode Kano dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD), serta mempertimbangkan aspek ergonomi. Metode Kano dipilih agar dapat menentukan prioritas dari fitur yang akan dikembangkan, dan metode QFD dipilih agar dapat menentukan hubungan antara kebutuhan responden dengan respon teknis yang dilakukan oleh tim pengembang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prioritas pengembangan dari meja QC adalah tinggi meja yang dapat diatur, tahan karat, dan kaki meja dengan tinggi yang sejajar. Dalam proses perancangan, penekanan khusus diberikan pada aspek ergonomi untuk memastikan kenyamanan dan efisiensi penggunaan meja. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, menambahkan hidrolis pada kaki meja, sehingga tinggi meja dapat diatur sesuai kebutuhan pengguna. Selanjutnya, menggunakan keramik granit untuk bagian atas permukaan meja, memberikan keindahan dan tahan karat. Juga menambahkan laci pada meja untuk menyimpan alat-alat QC dengan rapi. Selain itu, menambahkan handle di kedua sisi meja agar mudah dipindahkan dan diposisikan ulang. Pembatas meja juga dilengkapi dengan engsel untuk memudahkan dan memberikan kenyaman saat pengguna menulis. Terakhir, menambahkan kereta dorong untuk membantu memudahkan pekerjaan QC, sehingga pengguna dapat bekerja dengan lebih nyaman.
Hidroponik DFT adalah suatu metode hidroponik di mana akar tanaman berada dalam larutan nutrisi dengan ketinggian 3-4 cm, yang tersirkulasi secara kontinu selama 24 jam. Selama ini siswa SMAN 1 Batur ...belum mengetahui tentang hidroponik, terutama dalam pembuatan konstruksi model hidroponik. Dengan demikian, para siswa belum memiliki keterampilan pada salah satu program double track SMAN 1 Batur, yaitu bidang budidaya tanaman hidroponik. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan hidroponik DFT model meja, yang merupakan model hidroponik sederhana konstruksinya dan mudah dibuat, dengan tujuan memberikan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan meletakkan dasar jiwa kewirausahaan pada siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan tentang teori hidroponik dan pelatihan tentang praktik pembuatan hidroponik DFT model meja. Hasilnya yaitu pada akhir kegiatan tingkat pengetahuan siswa meningkat 88%-100% dengan rata-rata 94%, sedang tingkat keterampilan siswa meningkat 82%-100% dengan rata-rata 92,5%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa para siswa SMAN 1 Batur mampu menyerap materi penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang diberikan
•Methyl jasmonate treatment maintains better fruit quality in peach fruit.•Methyl jasmonate treatment promotes antioxidant defense.•Methyl jasmonate treatment enhances ascorbate–glutathione ...cycle.•Methyl jasmonate treatment keeps cellular redox status.
We investigated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the quality and antioxidant capacity in ‘Xiahui 8’ peach fruit during storage at 20°C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH) for 7 days. Exogenous MeJA maintained better fruit quality during storage, as indicated by reduced weight loss, respiration rate, ethylene production and total soluble solids, as well as maintained appearance and firmness. MeJA treatment significantly improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in peach fruit, therefore, reducing the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, MeJA treatment enhanced the metabolic intensity of AsA-GSH cycle, as key enzyme activities involved in AsA-GSH cycle were markedly increased. These MeJA-promoting effect increased the content of reduced ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), and the ratios of reduced to oxidized forms of AsA and GSH, contributing to higher redox status in peach fruit. Collectively, these results suggest that MeJA can maintain better fruit quality and improve antioxidant ability through enhancing AsA-GSH cycle, thus suitable for postharvest application.
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•The effect of preharvest MeJA treatments on berry growth and ripening was evaluated.•MeJA at 10 mM delayed berry ripening, while 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM accelerated it.•1, 5 and 10 mM ...MeJA treatments decreased vine total yield, in a dose-dependent way.•Total yield was increased by 0.1 and 0.01 mM MeJA doses.•1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM MeJA treatments increased berry quality and bioactive compounds.
In the present research the effect of preharvest metyil jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the ripening process and fruit quality parameters at harvest was evaluated, for the first time, in two table grape cultivars, ‘Magenta’ and ‘Crimson’, during two years, 2016 and 2017. MeJA treatments (applied when berry volume was ca. 40% of its final one, at veraison and 3 days before the first harvest date) affected grape ripening process and vine yield differently depending on applied concentration. Thus, MeJA at 5 and 10 mM delayed berry ripening and decreased berry weight and volume as well as vine yield, in a dose-dependent way, in both cultivars, although the effect on ‘Crimson’ was more dramatic than in ‘Magenta’. However, treatments with MeJA at 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mM accelerated ripening and increased total phenolics and individual anthocyanin concentrations, the major effects being obtained with 0.1 mM concentration. In addition, total soluble solids (TSS) and firmness levels were also increased by these MeJA treatments. These results might have a great agronomic and commercial importance since fruit with higher size and harvested earlier would reach higher prizes at markets and berries with higher firmness and TSS would be more appreciated by consumers. Moreover, MeJA treatments increased the content of antioxidant compounds, such as phenolics and individual anthocyanins, leading to enhance the homogeneous pigmentation of the whole cluster, with additional effects on increasing the health beneficial effects of grape consumption.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of
UBSTH-501- and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen,
through enhanced ...phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (
L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L
) inhibits the germination of
spores under controlled laboratory conditions. To assess the effect of MeJA (150 mg L
) in combination with the biocontrol agent
UBSTH-501
, a green house experiment was conducted. For this, biocontrol agent
UBSTH-501 was applied as seed treatment, whereas MeJA (150 mg L
) was applied 5 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Results indicated that application of MeJA (150 mg L
) did not affect the root colonization of wheat by
UBSTH-501 in the rhizosphere. The combined application of
UBSTH-501 and MeJA also enhanced indole acetic acid production in the rhizosphere (4.92 μg g
of soil) which in turn helps in plant growth and development. Further, the combined application found to enhance the activities of defense related enzymes
catalase (5.92 EU min
g
fresh wt.), ascorbate peroxidase μmol ascorbate oxidized (mg prot)
min
, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (102.25 μmol cinnamic acid h
mg
fresh wt.) and peroxidase (6.95 Unit mg
min
fresh wt.) significantly in the plants under treatment which was further confirmed by assessing the transcript level of
and
genes using semi-quantitative PCR approach. The results showed manifold increase in salicylic acid (SA) along with enhanced accumulation of total free phenolics, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the plants treated with the biocontrol agent alone or in combination with MeJA. A significant decrease in the disease severity (17.46%) and area under disease progress curve (630.32) were also observed in the treatments with biocontrol agent and MeJA in combination as compared to
alone treated plant (56.95% and 945.50, respectively). Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid cascades in response to exogenous application of MeJA and the biocontrol agent was observed. It was depicted from the results that PAL is the primary route for lignin production in wheat which reduces cell wall disruption and tissue disintegration and increases suberization and lignification of the plant cell as seen by Scanning Electron microphotographs. These results clearly indicated that exogenous application of MeJA with
inducing JA- and/or SA-dependent defense signaling after pathogen challenge may increase the resistance to spot blotch by stimulating enzymatic activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in a cooperative manner. This study apparently provides the evidence of biochemical cross-talk and physiological responses in wheat following MeJA and biocontrol agent treatment during the bio-trophic infection.
The success of the learning process depends on the educator, where an educator plays an important role in the learning process. The learning paradigm so far considers the learning process only ...centered on educators. Along with the development of the world of education, this paradigm changes to a learning process that is no longer teacher-centered, but student-centered. One way to solve this problem is to use instructional media that are appropriate to the characteristics of students. This study aims to determine the effect of learning media on the learning outcomes of forehand strokes in table tennis games. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. The population used in this study were students in MTS Sunan Giri class VIII the sample used was 36 students. The research will be conducted 4 times. The data collection technique used was a table tennis forehand test. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, normality test and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis, the results of the hypothesis test were 0.00, which means <0.05. Through these results it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of learning media on the learning outcomes of forehand strokes in table tennis games.
•Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a transporting and signaling substance for JA action in plants.•Jasmonates enhance anthocyanin formation through JA-Ile, MYC, JAZ, bHLH, TRB, HIR, NINJA, JAM, MYB, ...and UF3GT in fruit.•Jasmonates crosstalk with other plant hormones.•Jasmonates mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses through the increase in secondary metabolites in plant.
Plant hormones are associated with many physiological aspects in fruit tree growth and fruit production. Since jasmonates (jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl ester of JA (MeJA)), which are oxylipins from linolenic acid, were found in plants including fruits, many physiological and molecular actions of jasmonates to regulate fruit development and stress tolerance from the environment in fruit production have been studied. Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a transporting and signaling substance for JA action in plants. In the JA signaling pathway, MYC transcription factors are key regulators, and the jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) negatively affects MYC transcription factors in JA signaling.
Jasmonates can promote anthocyanin production in fruit through the effects of MYB transcription factors. A chemically stable and practical compound in the field, the JA analog n-propyl dihydrojasmonate, has been developed to improve fruit coloration. Jasmonates interact with some other plant hormones. For example, the effects of jasmonates on ethylene metabolism and signaling differ with fruit growth stage. Jasmonate treatment before fruit maturation enhances ethylene production with ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes. In contrast, jasmonate treatment after fruit maturation decreases ethylene biosynthesis. Jasmonates can mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses from the environment, such as drought, salt, temperature, and disease. When fruit or a fruit tree encounters environmental stress, the stress quickly increases levels of jasmonates, which acts as a kind of elicitor. In fact, treatment of fruit with jasmonates decreased the severity of chilling injury during storage and inhibited fungal infection.
This review discusses the usage and action mechanisms of oxylipins including jasmonates on fruit coloration, crosstalk with other plant hormones, and environmental stresses in fruit production.
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