•Terpene synthase DoTPS10 is responsible for linalool biosynthesis in D. officinale.•Expression patterns of DobHLH4 correlate with DoTPS10 during floral development.•DobHLH4 binds to the DoTPS10 ...promoter and increases its transcriptional activity.•Nucleus-localized DobHLH4 is modulated by MeJA, and interacts with DoJAZ1.•Overexpression of DobHLH4 evidently increases linalool production in D. officinale.
Linalool is an aromatic monoterpene produced in the Chinese medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale, but little information is available on the regulation of linalool biosynthesis. Here, a novel basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, DobHLH4 from D. officinale, was identified and functionally characterized. The expression profile of DobHLH4 was positively correlated with that of DoTPS10 (R2 = 0.985, p < 0.01), which encodes linalool synthase that is responsible for linalool production, during floral development. DobHLH4 was highly expressed in petals, and was significantly induced by methyl jasmonate. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that DobHLH4 was located in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that DobHLH4 bound directly to the DoTPS10 promoter harboring the G-box element, and up-regulated DoTPS10 expression. A yeast two-hybrid screen confirmed that DobHLH4 physically interacted with DoJAZ1, suggesting that DobHLH4 might function in the jasmonic acid-mediated accumulation of linalool. Furthermore, transient overexpression of DobHLH4 in D. officinale petals significantly increased linalool production by triggering linalool biosynthetic pathway genes, especially DoTPS10. We suggest a hypothetical model that depicts how jasmonic acid signaling may regulate DoTPS10 by interacting with DobHLH4 and DoJAZ1. In doing so, the formation of linalool is controlled. Our results indicate that DobHLH4 is a positive regulator of linalool biosynthesis and may be a promising target for in vitro-based metabolic engineering to produce linalool.
Soft rot disease is one of the primary issues in the production of colored calla lilies, significantly limiting large-scale production. This research conducts an in-depth investigation of the class ...III peroxidase gene family in colored calla lily, identifying 80 ZePER genes, with their motifs and structural domains remaining conserved. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, these genes were classified into 9 distinct clades. Collinearity analysis and the distribution of ZePER genes suggest that the two main events of ZePER gene family evolution was whole-genome duplication (WGD) as well as tandem duplication. Cis-acting element analysis showed that the ZePER genes could be directly modulated by essential hormones like jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), highlighting their role in biotic stress responses. Transcriptome profiling revealed tissue-specific gene expressions and their essential function in responding to soft rot bacteria. Upon inoculation with Pectobacterium carotovorum, the leaves manifested a significant upregulation of ZePER genes expression, and there was a concurrent surge in JA and SA content. Treatments with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) induced ZePER gene expression and augmented the plant's disease resistance. This indicates the crucial role of ZePER genes in regulating reactive oxygen species in leaves. In summary, these findings emphasize the importance of ZePER genes in the defense mechanisms of colored calla lily.
•Identified 80 class III PER genes in colored calla lily.•WGD and tandem duplications drive ZePER genes diversity.•Hormones and biotic stresses directly regulate ZePER genes.•MeJA and BTH enhance disease resistance in colored calla lily.•MeJA and BTH influence lignin accumulation in colored calla lily leaves.
Display omitted
•MeJA promotes anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit.•The optimum concentration of MeJA induction fruit ripening is 230 μM.•MeJA induced anthocyanin, suncrose, cell wall, JA ...and ABA metabolism related gene expression.•MeJA promotes strawberry fruit sucrose accumulation.•Overexpression of FaAOS and FaAOC promotes strawberry fruit ripening process.
In this study we analyzed changes in jasmonic acid (JA) content during the development of the octoploid strawberry cultivar (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. "Benihoppe"). Here, strawberry fruits were treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA, 50 μM, 100μM, 230 μM, 400 μM), respectively, to identify the optimal concentration of MeJA in promotion fruit maturation. We also examined the expression of genes linked to fruit ripening, as well as physiological changes that occurred after MeJA treatment. Using transient gene expression analyses, we performed that key genes in the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway, including FaAOC and FaAOS, were overexpressed in fruit, and we further studied their effects on fruit maturation. The results showed that endogenous JA content in the strawberry fruit increased sharply from the small fruit stage to the white fruit stage, but declined after the fruit had ripened, reaching a minimum when fully ripened. MeJA treatment can promote the development and maturation of strawberry fruit, and we found that the optimal concentration to promote maturation was 230 μM. MeJA treatment was associated with increased expression of genes involved in pigment metabolism, sugar metabolism, fruit softening, and hormone metabolism, as well as increases in JA, anthocyanin, and sugar content. Moreover, MeJA treatment was associated with decreased fruit hardness. Overexpression of FaAOC and FaAOS were also found to accelerate strawberry fruit maturation.
Modern learning with Immersive learning comes with AR and VR concepts to improve students' psychomotor learning skills. Immersive Learning is structured with the concept of learning table tennis ...movements as a learning medium using sensors that can read human motion. This study aims to help students determine the level of objectivity in learning the basic movements of table tennis using the Lee & Owens development model. The research subjects used 10 students of class X SMKN 1 Pasirian. The results of the development that have been validated by several experts are categorized as very valid. While the test results of immersive learning applications are determined by looking at the results of individual trials with fairly valid results, and field tests with valid results. This shows that this interactive learning multimedia is quite effective in improving psychomotor learning outcomes. In addition, immersive learning media can be implemented as the main learning media in the learning process of basic table tennis movements.
•MeJA at 1.0-mM improved dry weight, total and essential amino acids of radish cultivars.•Cultivar response is more than MeJA treatment on minerals and GABA composition.•MeJA enhanced total chls, ...flavonoids, and total GSLs across all tested cultivars.•‘Jin-Mi’ cultivar showed increased antioxidant activities in line with rising total phenolics.•Future research could explore multiple MeJA treatments from early plant development.
This study investigated the effect of 1.0 mM preharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on ‘Jin-Mi’ ponytail radish and cherry radish cultivars (‘Akamaru-Hatsuga’, ‘Cherry-One’, and ‘OP 20′). The MeJA was applied via root drenching and leaf spraying three days before harvest, and the research assessed parameters such as dry matter, minerals, amino acids, various secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activities in four assays. The findings indicated that MeJA enhanced all cultivars’ dry weight, total amino acids, essential amino acids, Chlorophylls, flavonoids, and glucosinolates. However, MeJA led to reduced vitamin C and total phenolics in three cultivars, except for ‘Jin-Mi’, where antioxidant activities increased with total phenolics. Cultivar-specific responses underscore the importance of selecting cultivars based on consumer preferences for desired functional compounds. The study suggests that a single preharvest MeJA treatment may not guarantee consistently higher secondary metabolite content, promoting further investigation into multiple MeJA treatments from early plant development.
Promoting resveratrol accumulation in plants and utilizing resveratrol-rich plants as raw materials for the development of functional foods is a promising development direction. The effects of methyl ...jasmonate (MeJA), in combination with CaCl2 and Ca2+ inhibitors, on physiological metabolism and resveratrol enrichment of peanut sprouts were investigated. MeJA combined with CaCl2 increased Ca2+ content, calmodulin content, and Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase activity, as well as upregulated calcium-binding proteinase expression levels. Treatment with MeJA plus CaCl2 significantly increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and antioxidant capacities, significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, which resulted in a significantly increased in sprout length and fresh weight, and alleviated the inhibition of sprout growth. MeJA plus CaCl2 significantly increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase and upregulated the expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, and resveratrol synthase, thus significantly increasing resveratrol content. However, MeJA combined with Ca2+ antagonists reversed these effects. These results indicate that MeJA interacts with Ca2+ to promote resveratrol synthesis in peanut sprouts and to improve sprout stress tolerances.
•Ca2+ promoted resveratrol biosynthesis in peanut sprouts under MeJA stress.•MeJA-Ca2+ stimulated the gene expression and activities of resveratrol synthase.•The upregulation of calcium-binding protease expression promotes Ca2+ signaling.•Enhanced antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant capacities alleviated MeJA stress.
The study focused on identifying key pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) that respond to Top-rot disease (TRD) in Rosa roxburghii fruit, which leads to significant yield losses. Fourteen out of the ...three hundred and twenty-five RrPRs were found to respond to the TRD based on transcriptome data. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significant up-regulation of RrPR4, RrPR5 and RrPR10-1/3 during disease infection. Exogenous SA and MeJA significantly enhanced resistance to TRD by promoting the expression of RrPR10-1, RrPR4 and RrPR5, along with enhancing antioxidase activities and flavonoid accumulation. These findings enhance our understanding of RrPRs and the roles of SA and MeJA in conferring TRD resistance.
•Fourteen out of the three hundred and twenty-five RrPRs in the Rosa roxburghii genome responded to the top-rot disease.•RrPR4, RrPR5, RrPR10-1, and RrPR10-3 were significantly increased in response to top-rot disease.•Salicylic acid and Methyl-jasmonate greatly enhanced resistance to top-rot disease by boosting RrPR10-1, RrPR4 and RrPR5.
•Vibration injury promoted a decline in the postharvest quality of broccoli florets.•MeJA ameliorated the reduction in broccoli quality caused by simulated transport vibration.•The inhibition of ...broccoli senescence by MeJA was associated with the induction of antioxidant system.•MeJA delayed floret yellowing by regulating chlorophyll metabolism.
The effect of simulated transport vibration on the quality of broccoli and the ability of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to ameliorate vibration damage in broccoli were investigated. Results indicated that transport injury, simulated by vibrational stress, promoted the deterioration in broccoli quality during subsequent storage. Treatment of broccoli with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), however, effectively ameliorated the impact of vibrational injury, maintained the appearance quality and delayed the yellowing and senescence of florets after simulated transportation stress. The effect of the MeJA may be related to of its ability to suppress the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, enhance vitamin C content, and induce antioxidant gene expression and enzyme activity, as well as suppress chlorophyll-degrading enzyme activity and gene expression. Overall, the MeJA treatment inhibited the adverse physiological changes that occur in broccoli as a result of vibrational and mechanical injury. Thus, MeJA has the potential to be used to decrease stress-induced reductions in the postharvest quality of horticultural crops that occur during transport and storage, thus, prolonging their shelf life.
Inducible anti-herbivore defenses in plants are predominantly regulated by jasmonic acid (JA). The red spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, 1960 (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an invasive ...pest known for its detrimental impact on tomato plants and other Solanaceae crops. Here, we investigated the extent to which T. evansi and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes Evans, 1968 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are affected by induced JA-defenses. Initially, we artificially induced the JA-response in tomato plants using exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and subsequently assessed the effect of JA defenses on spider mite by evaluating mortality and oviposition rates. Our findings revealed a higher mortality and lower oviposition rates on plants treated with MeJA compared to non-treated control plants. Furthermore, we examined the predatory mite's predation rates on spider mite eggs produced on MeJA-treated and non-treated tomato plants. The results showed a reduced predation on T. evansi eggs derived from MeJA-treated plants, indicating a potential negative impact of JA-induced defenses on the predator's performance. Finally, we released five predatory females on T. evansi-infested tomato plants treated and non-treated with MeJA, monitoring the predator population density for three generations. Predator population was not affected, as the abundance of larvae and adults was not significantly different between treatments. These findings underscore the negative impact of JA defenses on herbivores and highlight the trade-off it may pose on natural enemies.
PDF
