To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of MeJA-induced resistance to soft rot in kiwifruit, we explored the effects of postharvest MeJA on physiological, antioxidant capacity, disease ...resistance enzymes, and transcriptomic during the shelf life of kiwifruit after cold storage. The results showed that postharvest MeJA promoted the respiration rate, inhibited the ethylene release rate in the early shelf life, kept balance of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant content, and disease resistance enzymes, and reduced the decay rate caused by soft rot during shelf life after cold storage. The effect of postharvest MeJA alone was significantly better than combined with 1-MCP. We have identified 2724 co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MeJA3 vs CK3 and MeJA12 vs MeJA3. Postharvest MeJA regulates the expression of genes in plant hormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene, and ABA biosynthesis and signal transduction. Meanwhile, postharvest MeJA maintains the glutathione-ascorbate (GSH-ASA) cycle by promoting the glutathione and ascorbic acid synthesis and inhibiting its decomposition and maintains phenolic content by upregulating the expression of PAL and C4H and inhibiting the expression of downstream genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Additionally, we also found that postharvest MeJA regulates disease resistance genes, including CNL, RLP, TNL, and NL domains. Transcription factors (TFs) such as SCL1, WRKY24, and TIFY10b may be involved in the regulation of disease resistance in kiwifruit by postharvest MeJA. The lesion diameter of kiwifruit inoculated with Botryospaeria dothidea significantly increased after 6 days of cold storage for 90 days, postharvest MeJA significantly increased the activities and gene expression of disease resistance enzymes and inhibited the increase of lesion diameter. In conclusion, postharvest MeJA maintains the shelf quality of kiwifruit after cold storage by improving antioxidant capacity and activating disease resistance.
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•Postharvest MeJA maintains the kiwifruit quality during shelf life after cold storage.•Postharvest MeJA promotes endogenous JA biosynthesis but inhibits ET and ABA.•Postharvest MeJA maintains the stability of ascorbic acid and glutathione in kiwifruit.•Postharvest MeJA enhances the synthesis of phenolic compounds in kiwifruit.•Postharvest MeJA activates the disease resistance in kiwifruit.
The black rot disease of winter jujube causes considerable losses to the jujube industry in Xinjiang. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are elicitors of plant disease resistance; ...therefore, the inhibitory effects of 1 mmol/L MeSA and 0.1 mmol/L MeJA on the black rot disease of winter jujube caused by Alternaria tenuissima were investigated herein. Both MeSA and MeJA reduced the fruit decay index, and the effect of MeJA was superior. MeSA and MeJA enhanced the activities of enzymes related to phenylpropane metabolism and pathogenesis-related proteins, and the expression of their corresponding genes. MeSA and MeJA increased the accumulation of phenylpropane metabolites, containing the lignin, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents. These findings indicated that MeSA and MeJA may enhance the resistance of winter jujube to A. tenuissima by enhancing the phenylpropane metabolism pathway and the activity of pathogenesis-related proteins.
•MeSA and MeJA enhanced the phenylpropane metabolism pathway of winter jujube.•Exogenous MeSA and MeJA improved the disease resistance of winter jujube.•Decay index of treatment groups was closely related to the phenylpropane metabolism.•MeJA was superior to MeSA in suppressing the black rot disease of winter jujube.
Peach undergoes a rapid ripening and senescence, resulting in quality deterioration after harvest. Ethylene is essential for ripening and senescence in climacteric fruit. Although methyl jasmonate ...(MeJA) has been found to suppress ethylene biosynthesis, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We investigated the regulation of MeJA treatment (10 μM, 24 h) on the quality, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and jasmonic acid (JA) metabolism and signaling in ‘Xiahui 8’ peach stored at 20 °C. MeJA treatment maintained better fruit quality and reduced ethylene production (the reduction of peak value reached 24 %) during storage. The activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) decreased by 15–28 % and 15–19 % in MeJA treated fruit during storage. Additionally, the expressions of genes involved in ethylene signaling were downregulated in MeJA treated fruit. MeJA treatment enhanced JA biosynthesis through increasing the activities of allene oxide synthase (AOS), allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and JA-amino synthetase (JAR) during early storage. However, the JA-inducible catabolic pathways and self-repression of myelocytomatosis proteins2 (MYC2) were activated in MeJA treated fruit thereafter. This resulted in the decrease of PpMYC2 transcription and JA-Ile accumulation, which reduced by at most 56 % and 73 % when compared with CK, respectively, on day 0 and day 5. These results suggested that negative feedback regulation terminated and repressed the JA signaling, therefore diminishing its enhancement effect on ethylene biosynthesis in peach during storage.
•10 μM MeJA inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and maintained better fruit quality in peach.•JA-biosynthetic pathway enhanced by MeJA was repressed during storage.•MeJA activated the negative feedback of JA-signaling pathway in peach.
The
family is a plant-specific gene family involved in regulating many plant processes, such as development and growth, defense and stress responses, fertility and reproduction, and the biosynthesis ...of secondary metabolites. The v2.0 peach (
genome, which has an improved chromosome-scale assembly and contiguity, has recently been released, but a genome-wide investigation of the peach
family is lacking. In this study, 16
family genes from the peach genome were identified according to the peach reference genome sequence information and further validated by cloning sequencing. The synteny, phylogenetics, location, structure, and conserved domains and motifs of these genes were analyzed, and finally, the peach
family was characterized into 9
, 1
, 1
and 5
subfamily members. Expression profiles of peach
,
, and
genes in various organs and fruit developmental stages were analyzed, and they showed limited effects with fruit ripening cues. Four
members were significantly affected at the mRNA level by exogenous treatment with MeJA in the peach epicarp, and among them,
,
and
were significantly correlated with fruit epicarp pigmentation. In addition, the TIFY family member protein interaction networks established by the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay not only showed similar JAZ-MYC2 and JAZ homo- and heterodimer patterns as those found in Arabidopsis but also extended the JAZ dimer network to ZML-ZML and JAZ-ZML interactions. The PpJAZ3-PpZML4 interaction found in this study suggests the potential formation of the ZML-JAZ-MYC complex in the JA-signaling pathway, which may extend our knowledge of this gene family's functions in diverse biological processes.
Aromatic compounds in Dendrobium catenatum could affect brewing quality. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment enhances the content of aromatic compounds in D. catenatum, improving the wine quality in ...brewing industry and medicinal value. In this study, two D. catenatum genotypes, A6 and B1, were used to investigate the effect of MeJA treatment on aromatic compounds. A total of 52 aromatic metabolites were identified using metabolome technique. Based on RNA-seq, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 16, 841 highly expressed transcripts uncovered black, cyan and turquoise modules that are significantly associated with the variation of aromatic compounds. These results reveal the changes of aromatic metabolites during MeJA treatment and provide insight into the biosynthesis mechanism of aromatic compounds in D. catenatum, which could be conducive to the synthesis of active bioactive compounds and their use as industrial by-products.
•A total of 111 aromatic metabolites were identified by LC-MS in Dendrobium catenatum.•Changes of contents of aromatic compounds under MeJA treatment were firstly estimated.•Transcriptomics was applied to detect transcripts of 36 samples in response to MeJA.•Three modules and five hub genes were proposed as new sources monitoring aromatic compounds biosynthesis.•DcC3H, DcC4H, Dc4CL, DcCOMT, DcMYB2 may be the key genes that leads to biosynthesis in aromatic compounds pathway.
•MeJA and SA have positive effects on GLS accumulation in radish taproot.•Differential expression of genes was observed under MeJA, SA and ABA treatments.•Myrosinase activity and SF content were ...highly sensitive to SA.•SF is correlated with myrosinase activity and GRA content.
Radish is an important root vegetable crop. The effects of environmental stresses on glucosinolate (GLS) contents were extensively investigated in Brassicaceae species. However, little is known about the accumulation of GLS and sulforaphane (SF) in hormone-treated radish taproot. In this study, the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the accumulation of GLS and SF in radish taproot were investigated. The GLS content increased considerably in response to MeJA treatment. Moreover, MeJA also up-regulated the expression level of several transcription factors and GLS biosynthesis related genes. The effects of SA on GLS content were less obvious, while ABA suppressed GLS biosynthesis. Additionally, the SF content increased under treatments with MeJA, SA and ABA. Furthermore, changes in myrosinase activity and glucoraphanin (GRA) content after the application of MeJA, SA and ABA were consistent with the changes in SF contents. The results indicated that the MeJA represents one of the most effective plant growth regulators (PGRs) for increasing the GLS content in radish taproot by up-regulating the expression levels of a few GLS biosynthetic related genes. These findings also implied that SF formation is correlated with myrosinase activity and GRA content in radish taproot.
•MeJa (0.001 μmol L-1), 1-MCP (1.5 μL L-1), SA (0.002 μmol L-1) extend storage life.•MeJa, 1-MCP and SA delay PME and cellulase activities up to 60 days cold storage.•These treatments-maintain SSC, ...TA, vitamin C and sensory attributes in the fruit.•MeJa, 1-MCP and SA reduce weight loss, spoilage, softening in cold stored fruit.
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μL L-1), methyl jasmonate (MeJa; 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 μmol L-1) and salicylic acid (SA; 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 μmol L-1) on cold storage life and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin for up to 75 d. Weight loss, spoilage loss, firmness, juice percentage, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pectin content, total carotenoids and ascorbic acid content, organoleptic sensory attributes, pectin methylesterase and cellulase activity were determined. MeJa (0.001 μmol L-1), 1-MCP (1.5 μL L-1) and SA (0.002 μmol L-1) were the most effective in decreasing the weight loss, spoilage, firmness, juice content, and were retarding the activities of pectin methylesterase and cellulase compared to control. Treated fruit also had higher contents of ascorbic acid, pectin, total carotenoids and sensory attributes for 75 d of cold storage. In conclusion postharvest treatment of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin with MeJa (0.001 μmol L-1), 1-MCP (1.5 μL L-1) fumigation and SA (0.002 μmol L-1) extended cold storage life and maintained quality.
Ficus pandurata Hance (FPH) holds a rich history as a traditional Chinese botanical remedy, utilized both as a culinary condiment and a medicinal intervention for diverse ailments. This study focuses ...on enhancing FPH's therapeutic potential by subjecting it to exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, a strategy aimed at elevating the levels of active constituents to align with clinical and commercial requirements. Employing metabolomics, the impact of MeJA treatment on the lipid and flavonoid profiles of FPH leaves was investigated, revealing a marked increase in flavone glycosides, a subset of flavonoids. Investigation into the regulatory mechanism governing flavone glycoside biosynthesis uncovered elevated expression of structural genes associated with flavonoid production in response to MeJA exposure. Global endogenous hormone analysis pinpointed the selective activation of JA and cytokinin biosynthesis following MeJA treatment. Through a comprehensive integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, the cooperative stimulation of glucosyltransferase activity, alongside the JA and cytokinin signaling pathways, orchestrated by MeJA were explored. Furthermore, genes linked to sucrose metabolism exhibited heightened expression, concomitant with a noteworthy surge in antioxidant activity subsequent to MeJA treatment. These findings validate the augmentation of FPH leaf antioxidant capacity through MeJA intervention, while also offering profound insights into the regulatory role of MeJA in flavone glycoside biosynthesis, mediated by the interplay between cytokinin and sucrose metabolism pathways.
•The ripening process had more influence on the biosynthesis of hot pepper volatile compounds than the treatments applied, due to the peculiar climacteric character of the fruit.•The ethylene ...perception seems to be important for the aroma formation in the beginning of the hot pepper ripening.•MeJA delayed the production of volatile compounds in pepper and increased levels of hexanal at the end of fruit ripening, independently of ethylene.
Hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) can show climacteric behavior at the beginning of ripening and the role of ethylene in the aroma formation of these fruits is not very clear. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is known to play an important role in regulating metabolic changes that promote aroma formation in fruits. This study investigated the correlation between ethylene and MeJA on the biosynthesis of volatile hot pepper compounds. Hot peppers were randomly separated and distributed in five groups, corresponding to the four treatments, MeJA, Ethylene, 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene), MeJA+1-MCP and control. Analyses of volatile compounds and gene transcripts for the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) were carried out during the fruit ripening. Results revealed that ripening influenced the aroma biosynthesis more than treatments applied to hot pepper, probably due to the intermediate climatic character of the fruit. Despite this, the perception of ethylene seems to be important at the beginning of the formation of volatile hot pepper compounds. This effect was observed in monitoring with C6 volatiles, in which treatment with ethylene was highlighted on day 1, including a corresponding increase in HPL. In the ripe fruit, there was a small delay in the volatile composition caused by MeJA, MeJA+1-MCP and 1-MCP. In C6 volatiles, MeJA caused an evident increase in hexanal on days 01, 06 and 12, and there was also a correspondent increase in HPL for day 1.
•MeJA treatment improves the content of ascorbic acid in cherry tomato fruits.•MeJA treatment enhances lycopene and total carotenoids accumulation in cherry tomato fruits.•MeJA treatment increases ...the content of MHO, a lycopene-derived VOC.
Effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the contents of ascorbic acid and carotenoids, as well as the compositions and contents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cherry tomato fruits were investigated during 11 days of storage at room temperature (25 °C). The results showed that MeJA treatment significantly increased the contents of ascorbic acid and carotenoids, especially lycopene in postharvest cherry tomato fruits. Moreover, MeJA treatment improved the contents of carotenoids derived VOCs such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), while had no effect on firmness, sugars and titratable acidity. All above results suggested that the exogenous MeJA application is potential in enhancement of main health-promoting components and VOCs in postharvest cherry tomato fruits.
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