Artemisia argyi
Lev. et Vant. (
A. argyi
) is a perennial grass in the
Artemisia
family, the plant has a strong aroma. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is critical to plant growth and development, stress ...response, and secondary metabolic processes. The experimental material
Artemisia argyi
was utilized in this study to investigate the treatment of
A. argyi
with exogenous MeJA at concentrations of 100 and 200 μmol/L for durations of 9 and 24 h respectively. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted using the Illumina HiSeq platform to identify stress resistance-related candidate genes. Finally, a total of 102.43 Gb of data were obtained and 162,272 unigenes were identified. Differential analysis before and after MeJA treatment resulted in the screening of 20,776 differentially expressed genes. The GO classification revealed that the annotated unigenes were categorized into three distinct groups: cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. Notably, binding, metabolic process, and cellular process emerged as the most prevalent categories among them. The results of KEGG pathway statistical analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, and plant-pathogen interaction were significant transduction pathways in
A. argyi
’s response to exogenous MeJA-induced abiotic stress. With the alteration of exogenous MeJA concentration and duration, a significant upregulation was observed in the expression levels of calmodulin CaM4 (ID:
EVM0136224
) involved in MAPK signaling pathway-plant and auxin response factor ARF (ID:
EVM0055178
) associated with plant-pathogen interaction. The findings of this study establish a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of highly resistant varieties of
A. argyi
.
Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor (TCP) genes constitute a unique and small class of transcription factors in plants, and are highly important in hormone response and secondary ...metabolite accumulation. However, Senna tora L. (S. tora) TCP genes have not been studied. In this study, the whole S. tora TCP genome was analyzed to explore its evolution and function. A protein interaction experiment was conducted to further analyze the involvement of TCP in jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction. A total of 24 TCP TFs were identified in the S. tora genome, and were divided into 2 classes and 3 subfamilies. We found that 16 StTCP gene pairs with collinearity were distributed on 10 different chromosomes, with only one tandem repeat. The expression profiles at different seed developmental stages and tissue specificity analysis showed that StTCP4.1 and StTCP11 may regulate the synthesis of anthraquinone compounds in S. tora. Gene expression levels determined under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and gene network correlation analysis showed that StTCP4.1 and StTCP11 may be involved in jasmonic acid (JA) response signaling. In addition, subcellular localization analysis showed that StTCP4.1 and StTCP11 were expressed and elicited their functions in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and luciferase complementation (LCI) assay findings showed that StTCP4.1 could directly interact with StMYC2a. In summary, these findings lay a new foundation for improving understanding on the complex mechanism underlying StTCP function in response to JA-induced signaling pathways and on the regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis in S. tora.
●A total of 24 TCP genes were identified in the Senna tora genome, which was divided into 3 subfamilies.●Only one tandem repeat events occurred in StTCP genes.●The heatmap of 24 StTCPs in different stages of seed development was established.●StTCP4.1 and StTCP11 were highly expressed in seeds, and functioned in the nucleus.●StTCP4.1 and StTCP11 directly interact with StMYC2a, which could regulate the biosynthesis of anthraquinone compounds in the JA signaling pathway of Senna tora.
Sambucus nigra fruit and flower extracts exhibit anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties however, the potential of S. nigra in vitro cell suspension cultures to produce biologically active ...compounds remains unexplored. This study describes the establishment of S. nigra cell suspension cultures and their phytochemical content and biological activity. S. nigra cell cultures contain major compounds characteristic for whole-plant S. nigra tissues albeit at uncharacteristic ratios. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate, visual selection of pigmented cells, and optimization of culture parameters resulted in cell suspensions with high contents of anthocyanins, organic acids, and phenolic compounds. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorometric assay-based assessment of biological activity of developed cultures demonstrated inhibitory capacity against cyclooxygenase enzyme COX2 activity and against the binding of SARS-CoV2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in vitro suggesting that S. nigra cell suspensions exhibit anti-inflammatory and viral entry blocking potential. Differences in phytochemical content and biological activity of S. nigra cell suspensions subjected to different optimization approaches indicate potential for optimization towards desired biotechnological products with anti-inflammatory properties and inhibitory capacity against viral binding.
Display omitted
•S. nigra cell cultures produce compounds characteristic of whole-plant tissues.•S. nigra cell culture extracts inhibit pro-inflammatory enzyme COX2 in vitro.•S. nigra cell culture extracts inhibit binding of SARS-CoV2 receptor binding domain to ACE2 in vitro.
The aims of this research are: 1). To find out differences in student learning outcomes in table tennis learning through the application of the Multiball and the Guided method, 2). To find out which ...method is better between the Multiball and the Guided method for student learning outcomes in Table Tennis courses. The subjects of this research were 32 male students of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, University of Pattimura for the 2020/2021 Academic Year who offered Table Tennis courses. This research is a type of experimental research using a quantitative descriptive approach. The instrument used for data collection was a table tennis performance test. Based on the results of the research and data analysis, it shows that: 1) There is a difference, but not significant, in the student table tennis learning outcomes after being treated with the Multiball training method and the Guided training method. 2) There is no better method between the Multiball training method and the Guided training method.
Fusarium head blight, mainly incited by
Fusarium graminearum
, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. Diverse Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant sources have been reported, but the resistance ...mechanisms of these sources remain to be investigated. FHB-resistant wheat germplasm often shows black necrotic lesions (BNLs) around the infection sites. To determine the relationship between BNL and FHB resistance, leaf tissue of a resistant wheat cultivar Sumai 3 was inoculated with four different
F. graminearum
isolates. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the inoculated samples suggested that the phytohormone signaling, phenolamine, and flavonoid metabolic pathways played important roles in BNL formation that restricted
F. graminearum
extension. Exogenous application of flavonoid metabolites on wheat detached leaves revealed the possible contribution of flavonoids to BNL formation. Exogenous treatment of either salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on wheat spikes significantly reduced the FHB severity. However, exogenous MeJA treatment prevented the BNL formation on the detached leaves of FHB-resistant wheat Sumai 3. SA signaling pathway influenced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst to enhance BNL formation to reduce FHB severity. Three key genes in SA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathway,
TaICS1
,
TaNPR1
, and
TaNPR3
, positively regulated FHB resistance in wheat. A complex temporal interaction that contributed to wheat FHB resistance was detected between the SA and JA signaling pathways. Knowledge of BNLs extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of FHB resistance in wheat and will benefit the genetic improvement of wheat FHB resistance.
The flower of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the ability to improve cerebral blood flow. Flavonoids are the primary bioactive ...components in safflower, and their biosynthesis has attracted widespread interest. Previous studies mostly used second-generation sequencing platforms to survey the putative flavonoid biosynthesis genes. For a better understanding of transcription data and the putative genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower, we carry our study.
High-quality RNA was extracted from six types of safflower tissue. The RNAs of different tissues were mixed equally and used for multiple size-fractionated libraries (1-2, 2-3 and 3-6 k) library construction. Five cells were carried (2 cells for 1-2 and for 2-3 k libraries and 1 cell for 3-6 k libraries). 10.43Gb clean data and 38,302 de-redundant sequences were captured. 44 unique isoforms were annotated as encoding enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The full length flavonoid genes were characterized and their evolutional relationship and expressional pattern were analyzed. They can be divided into eight families, with a large differences in the tissue expression. The temporal expressions under MeJA treatment were also measured, 9 genes are significantly up-regulated and 2 genes are significantly down-regulated. The genes involved in flavonoid synthesis in safflower were predicted in our study. Besides, the SSR and lncRNA are also analyzed in our study.
Full-length transcriptome sequences were used in our study. The genes involved in flavonoid synthesis in safflower were predicted in our study. Combined the determination of flavonoids, CtC4H2, CtCHS3, CtCHI3, CtF3H3, CtF3H1 are mainly participated in MeJA promoting the synthesis of flavonoids. Our results also provide a valuable resource for further study on safflower.
•MeJA induces lateral root (LR) development in Malus hupehensis.•MeJA inhibits plant height and stem diameter of Malus hupehensis seedlings.•MeJA and auxin have a combined role in the induction of LR ...development.•Specific genes and pathways were presented in meja-mediated LR development.
Malus hupehensis is regarded as a superior rootstock in China. In this study, in order to investigate the mechanism by which MeJA promotes and affects lateral root (LR) development, M. hupehensis seedlings were treated with exogenous applications of 1 μM methyl-jasmonate (MeJA). Results indicated that MeJA treatment promoted LR development, but inhibited shoot development. MeJA treatment increased the levels of both endogenous auxin (IAA) and zeatin-riboside (ZR), and reduced gibberellin (GA1+3). Additionally, a significant upregulation in the expression of MdCOI1, MdMYC2 and MdJDL1 were also observed in response to the MeJA treatment. Although transcript levels of key IAA synthesis related genes increased, but those genes related to IAA transport were declined, which corresponded with higher IAA levels in the MeJA-treated samples. The expression of MdIAA5, which is a negative regulator of MdARF7, was dramatically downregulated in MeJA-treated apple seedlings, resulted in elevated expression of MdLBD16 and MdLBD29. Additionally, the expression of MdCYCD3;1 and MdCYCP4;1 were induced, which in turn increased LR development. Collectively, MeJA treatment increased the number of LRs and other growth characteristics.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an important phytohormone that regulates the development of grape, but the effect and underpin mechanism of its preharvest application on secondary metabolites accumulation ...in postharvest grape berries are still unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles combined with metabolic components analysis were used to determine the effect of preharvest MeJA application on the quality formation of postharvest rose-flavor table grape Shine Muscat. The results indicated that preharvest MeJA treatment had no significant effect on TSS content, but had a down-regulation effect on the accumulation of reducing sugar and titratable acid in the berries. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in treated berries was significantly higher than that of the control. Many phenolic components, such as trans-ferulic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, and kaempferol, were sensitive to MeJA and their contents were also significantly higher than that of the control under MeJA treatments during the shelf life. Compared with other volatile aroma components, terpenoid components were more sensitive to preharvest MeJA signals, the content of which presented an overall upward trend with increasing MeJA concentration and prolonging storage time. Furthermore, most of the differentially expressed genes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated responding to MeJA signals. The most upregulated regulatory factors, such as VvWRKY72, VvMYB24, and VvWRI1, may be involved in MeJA signal transduction and regulation. Preharvest MeJA may be an effective technique for enhancing the quality of postharvest Shine Muscat grape berries, with its positive effect on enhancing the characteristic aroma and nutritional components.
is a highly valued perennial medicinal herb plant in Yunnan Province, China, and the taproots are the main medicinal parts that are rich in active substances of
saponins. The main purpose of this ...study is to uncover the physiological and molecular mechanism of
saponin accumulation triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) under arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by determining physiological indices, high-throughput sequencing and correlation analysis. Physiological results showed that the biomass and saponin contents of
, the concentrations of jasmonic acids (JAs) and the key enzyme activities involved in notoginsenoside biosynthesis significantly increased under AMF or MeJA, but the interactive treatment of AMF and MeJA weakened the effect of AMF, suggesting that a high concentration of endogenous JA have inhibitory effect. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in notoginsenoside and JA biosynthesis were significantly enriched in response to AMF induction, e.g., upregulated genes of diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinases (
), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (
)
and glycosyltransferases (
), while treatments AMF-MeJA and salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) decreased the abundance of these DEGs. Interestingly, a high correlation presented between any two of saponin contents, key enzyme activities and expression levels of DEGs. Taken together, the inoculation of AMF can improve the growth and saponin accumulation of
by strengthening the activities of key enzymes and the expression levels of encoding genes, in which the JA regulatory pathway is a key link. This study provides references for implementing ecological planting of
, improving saponin accumulation and illustrating the biosynthesis mechanism.
Apple (Malus domestica) is an economically important rosaceous fruit crop grown at temperate climate zones. Nevertheless, its production is severely affected by scab disease caused by the ...ascomycetous fungus Venturia inaequalis (VI). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a stress induced plant hormone, shown to induce resistance against wide range of pathogens. The current study investigated the role of MeJA in promoting scab tolerance in susceptible apple varieties through exogenous application of optimized (100 μM) MeJA concentration, followed by VI infection. According to our analysis, applying MeJA exogenously onto leaf surfaces resulted in increased membrane stability and decreased malondialdehyde levels in Red Delicious, suggesting that MeJA is capable of protecting tissues against oxidative damage through its role in restoring membrane stability. In addition, the changes in the levels of key antioxidative enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that exogenous MeJA maintains ROS homeostasis as well. Higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and increased accumulation of phenylpropanoids in MeJA-treated VI-infected plants indicated the MeJA reprogrammed phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway for scab tolerance. Our study of scab tolerance in apples induced by MeJA provides new insights into its physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
Display omitted
•By applying MeJA to Red Delicious (RD) apples, scab resistance was improved.•MeJA treatment increases H2O2 and decreases MDA levels in infected RD leaves.•MeJA increases phenolic compound levels and PAL and SOD enzyme activities.•H2O2 and ROS act as signal molecules for triggering MeJA-induced scab resistance.•MeJA treatment could be used as a strategy to control apple scab.
PDF
