The questions of classification of political metaphors are considered. This classification is necessary for the analysis of the data of sociological survey, which was conducted by the team of ...Smolensk University in 2022 in regions of Russia. The study of the reputational image of power (respondents' answers to the questions: “How would you draw the reputational image of Russian / regional power?”) problematizes the principles of classification. The relevance of the study in working out the diagnosis of the reputational image of power. The novelty of the study is that the analysis was conducted on the basis of folk metaphorization, rather than professional political discourse, which researchers of political metaphorology and political semantics usually deal with. The empirical material for the problematization of the classification was the results of the sociological survey 2021, which included similar questions. The classification of power metaphors on the basis of major philosophical categories and structural relationships (space/time; living/artificial; human/nature/society) is presented, as such principle allows capturing the real diversity and multidimensionality of figurative likenesses proposed by respondents. The results of the study of folk metaphorization adjust the existing classifications of power metaphors, do not fully coincide with the known classifications of metaphorical models of power, also adjust the ideas about the popularity of typical metaphorical models.
This study discusses the conceptualization of metaphors in the discourse of the Bali G20 Summit using cognitive semantic theory. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the types and ...meanings of metaphors and create a semantic network to see the relationship of meanings with one another. This research is included in the descriptive qualitative research. The source of metaphor data comes from online mass media. The method used in data collection is the simak method, with the note-taking technique as the primary technique, and the data analysis method uses the distribution method with advanced techniques for natural elements (BUL). The results showed three types of metaphors, namely three structural, two orientational, and five ontological metaphors. Based on the metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain of the image scheme, namely the identity of the suitability feature matching; space with features Up-Down, Front-Back, Left-Right, Near-far, Center-Periphery, Contact; force strength with the characteristics of balance, state of existence characteristic of an object, cycle, and process, limited space bounded space. Cognitive roles influence the conceptualization of metaphors in the discourse of the Bali G20 Summit. The meaning of the metaphor is reflected based on different thoughts and experiences in the context of the sentence. The linkage of meaning between one meaning and another can be connected through synonymous meaning relations in a semantic network.
Abstract
The present longitudinal study investigates how the entailments of
war
metaphors evolve in different
stages of COVID-19 containment in China using data from three documentaries made by ...Xinhua News Agency. A social semiotic model of
multimodal metaphor analysis is adopted to analyze the military metaphors systematically in terms of semantic choice, multimodal
realization, and context. The
war
framing is found as the pivotal rhetoric to conceptualize China’s response toward
COVID-19 but distinctive features are attributed over time with a focus shifting from the “inevitability” in the initial stage to
societal reactions in the later stage. In addition, socio-cultural factors embodied in multimodality not only efficiently guide
the public to reason about the situation but also socialize the population to self-disciplining for the sake of everyone’s
interest.
The discipline of marketing uses many metaphors. Historically, the dominant metaphors in marketing strategy have been adapted from warfare and military science. The purpose of this conceptual article ...is to analyze and evaluate commonly used warfare metaphors in marketing strategy. A cross-domain comparison of these metaphors and conceptualizations of war are assessed to determine whether they are still appropriate in light of the advancements in both military science and marketing theory. The analysis found that there are many fundamental and questionable differences between these two domains; therefore, a new conceptual metaphor for marketing strategy is proposed.
The long history of mass communication theories is full of metaphors, from Shannon and Weaver’s ‘transmission channel’ to Noelle-Neumann’s ‘spiral of silence’. The objective of the chapter is to give ...an overview of the use of metaphors and models in mediatized communication studies. Special attention is given to the metaphors that support the representations of digital and interactive communication practices; in this context, the chapter deals with the metaphors of the Internet, the World Wide Web, and new platforms and introduces the main metaphors of media change. The chapter concludes with a series of reflections on the risks and benefits of metaphorical reasoning and includes a call for ‘metaphorical experimentation’.
In Orientational Conceptual Metaphor, a system of ideas is organized in the relation and interaction in space like up-down, in-out, front-back, on-off, deep-shallow, central-peripheral. Lakoff and ...Johnson (1980) called this group of metaphors “Orientational,” because they give a concept a spatial orientation: in the example, “happy is up,” the concept happy is oriented up leading to English expressions like “I’m feeling up today.” Such metaphorical orientations have a basis in our physical and cultural experience, thus they vary from culture to culture. Drawing on this theoretical and methodological framework, this paper argues for the existence of Orientational Metaphors in Neo-Assyrian sources, which are largely attested in textual and visual references concerning the relationships between king and subjects.
This paper reports on the findings of a study that aimed at investigating the conceptual metaphors used in the Arabic subtitling of 150 English TV series (1982-2017), adopting Conceptual Metaphor ...Theory (CMT) proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) for data analysis. The data were examined by using WordSmith Tools (Scot 2012) which is compatible with Arabic data. The study revealed that the most frequently used source domains in the corpus were journey, building, war, illness, plants, and machine, respectively; whereas, the least frequently used source domains were body parts, game, water, supernatural creatures, fabrics, fire, and light, respectively. Besides, the most commonly used type of conceptual metaphor is structural metaphor. The study concluded that the vast majority of metaphorical expressions are lexicalized and conventional to make the subtitling easily accessible to the reader. The study recommends that future studies be conducted on the translation strategies adopted in subtitling English metaphors into Arabic.
How do humans construct their mental representations of the passage of time? The universalist account claims that abstract concepts like time are universal across humans. In contrast, the linguistic ...relativity hypothesis holds that speakers of different languages represent duration differently. The precise impact of language on duration representation is, however, unknown. Here, we show that language can have a powerful role in transforming humans' psychophysical experience of time. Contrary to the universalist account, we found language-specific interference in a duration reproduction task, where stimulus duration conflicted with its physical growth. When reproducing duration, Swedish speakers were misled by stimulus length, and Spanish speakers were misled by stimulus size/quantity. These patterns conform to preferred expressions of duration magnitude in these languages (Swedish: long/short time; Spanish: much/small time). Critically, Spanish-Swedish bilinguals performing the task in both languages showed different interference depending on language context. Such shifting behavior within the same individual reveals hitherto undocumented levels of flexibility in time representation. Finally, contrary to the linguistic relativity hypothesis, language interference was confined to difficult discriminations (i.e., when stimuli varied only subtly in duration and growth), and was eliminated when linguistic cues were removed from the task. These results reveal the malleable nature of human time representation as part of a highly adaptive information processing system.
This article explores the role of drawing in relation to design, not so much as a specific creative act, capable of informing and representing design ideas, or as a ‘manifestation of the idea’ per ...se, but rather as a dense and sedimented knowledge that is increasingly relevant for interaction design – and extensively in any design project. Looking at examples such as video game interfaces and other everyday use artifacts, as well as theoretical reference models for the interaction design community (from Donald Norman’s to Paul Dourish’s, from Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby’s to Branden Hookway’s, etc.), it is possible to bring out and discuss the centrality of the role of drawing in rethinking strategies of the interaction project, while considering the interface as a specific ‘place’ where not only the mediation between user and designed content takes place, but also that between drawing and design is activated. If windows, mirrors, and lenses can be considered as mediation devices of the visible, interfaces of digital devices can synthesize, make coexist and multiply their functioning and consequences, for example when they are meant to relate collections of data with their possible representations. Furthermore, recent discoveries in other fields, such as chemistry and biology, lead us to rethink together both drawing and design, starting from new epistemological models which extensively rely on the notion of interface.
Lakoff's model of political ideology proposes people's beliefs about how government should operate are grounded in beliefs about how families should operate. Previous research shows the left-right ...political spectrum can be explained by differences in preferences for nurturant (Democrats) and disciplinarian (Republican) parenting styles. We extend the theory to another dimension, helicopter versus free range parenting styles. In Study 1, we find parenting attitudes strongly predict paternalistic policy attitudes-more than ideology, party identity, or any other measured demographic variables. In Study 2, we attempt to establish a causal link, but find manipulating preferences for helicopter parenting does not influence policy preferences as Lakoff's model would suggest. In Study 3, we identify a latent variable that predicts preferences for paternalism in parenting, policy, and a host of other domains such as business, medicine, and education. We discuss implications for Lakoff's theory, the political psychology of libertarianism/paternalism, and society at large.
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