•We analyse the effects of communication and incremental incentives on an anti-social coordination problem•This coordination problem resembles bullying or mobbing behaviour•We find that communication ...does decrease the willingsness to build a mob but this effect vanishes with incremental personal benefits that arise from mobbing
Mobbing causes severe damages to the victims and is a prime example of antisocial coordination. Using the ‘mobbing game’ by Abbink and Doğan (2019), we investigate the role of communication and incremental incentives on mobbing in a laboratory experiment. Doing so, we vary the degree of strategic vs. social communication on the one hand and the pecuniary incentives of repeatedly bullying a certain victim on the other hand. Results indicate that incremental incentives increase nomination rates (i.e., attempts to mob another player) and mobbing rates (i.e., successful group coordination to reduce payoffs of one player). In contrast, communication decreases nomination rates without having significant effect on mobbing rates. Further, communication analysis indicates our approach to eliminate strategic communication was successful and can be applied in other setups.
Traditional conceptualizations of aggression distinguish between reactive (e.g., rage) and proactive (e.g., reward) functions of aggression. However, critiques of this dichotomy have pointed out ...these models conflate motivational valence and self-control. Addressing this weakness, recent conceptualizations consider four types of aggression: rage, revenge, reward, and recreation aggression. The goal of the present study was to investigate contextual differences in the distribution of the four types of aggression as drivers of offline and cyberbullying among self-reported aggressors. A total of 839 participants (♀ = 70.26%; Mage = 23.41, SD = 9.21) answered questionnaires regarding their offline and cyberbullying behavior. If participants indicated that they had engaged in bullying behavior within the last two months, they had to specify why they had engaged in this behavior. Controlling for gender, age and the level of offline and cyberbullying, mixed effects logistic regression analyses revealed that cyberbullying was more likely to result from recreation aggression than offline bullying, whereas offline bullying was more likely to result from reward, rage, and revenge aggression than cyberbullying. In summary, the present study uncovers differences in the underlying aggression between offline and cyberbullying, thus providing information for environment-specific prevention and intervention programs.
•A fine-grained typology of aggression was used to compare the underlying motives in offline and cyberbullying.•Recreation motives are more likely in cyberbullying compared to offline bullying.•Rage, revenge and reward motives are more likely in offline bullying compared to cyberbullying.
In the work the author described, for the first time in this region, the psychological profiles of mobbing actors in the military environment. Mobbing actors in the military environment have more ...specific personality profiles than mobbing actors in the civil sector. So far, there has been mostly talk about mobber and mobbing victims. Mobber has a psychopathic personality structure and is most often at command position, but this is not a rule. The mobbing victim is most often at a lower formational position in the military hierarchy and is, also, mostly subordinate member of the collective. Mobbing victims are in most cases, among the most capable, the most professional people within their formational position and their military evidentiary service. In the same manner, they are motivated for a military call and have a high motivation for achievement. They love their business. They react to stimulating measures. These are the seniors who cause envy of colleagues. Also, they are honest and strictly adhered to military regulations. In their working lives, they have been rewarded and praised many times because of their great results. In the same context, they demonstrate pedantry in work on entrusted tasks and work tasks, respect the deadlines for the execution of tasks, strictly adhere to military regulations, innovation in work and self-initiative. Also, the author described and discovered another profile that belongs to mobbing actors, but which has not been mentioned in theory and practice so far. These are imitators of mobbers. They represent a “security cordon” of mobber, the support group. Mostly they are, from the psychological aspect, simple personality structures. When they enter in the “work of the imitators,” they often translate their observations into the language of their own interests. For them, it is permitted periodic deviations in military behavior. Among the imitators of the mobber there are seniors, who in the past had military “sins,” so that mobber really “keeps them in the hand”. The work is useful for military psychologists, especially for seniors on command positions, who, on the basis of the facts presented, can easily identify the mobbing actors in the military collective and, on the basis of these findings, take adequate measures of prevention.
Abstract
Mobbing is a prevalent anti-predatory behaviour in birds where prey actively engage in harassing predators. Functional traits have been shown to affect prey species’ tendency to engage in ...mobbing, but empirical studies have largely neglected to assess the influence of some other potentially important functional traits, such as intraspecific and interspecific sociality, on mobbing or measured different aspects of the behaviour. In this study, we performed playback experiments that elicited mobbing responses from a forest bird community in southern China, to investigate the influence of body mass, foraging strata, as well as intra- and interspecific sociality, on the prevalence of mobbing, as well as the intensity of aggression and vocalness. We found that species with small body masses engaged in more frequent and intense mobbing behaviours. Notably, interspecific sociality was negatively associated with birds’ mobbing prevalence and tended to be negatively associated with vocalness.
Many species mob predators to drive them away. Mobbing carries personal risk, but the risk of injury or death declines and the likelihood of repelling the predator increases in larger groups. The ...capacity to evaluate the number of mobbers before joining a mobbing group may be highly beneficial for individuals when deciding to join. Although recent studies have found that birds can use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of conspecifics involved in initiating mobbing events, it is little known whether birds are able to evaluate the number of heterospecific mobbers. In this study, we investigated whether the number of heterospecifics responding to mobbing calls of Great Tits Parus major was influenced by the number of callers (a mix of Great Tit callers simulated by playbacks and live Great Tits attracted to playbacks, range one to seven callers). The total number of responding heterospecific individuals and species was positively influenced by the total number of callers, with heterospecifics responding more to larger than smaller Great Tit groups. However, these results may be driven by the total number of calls, call overlap and increased noise generated by the additional mobbers, and not the number per se. These findings therefore allow us to assess whether birds are more inclined to join a mobbing group when it consists of more heterospecific callers, but we cannot tell whether birds use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of heterospecific callers.
Preventing mobbing of nurses: a scoping review Václavíková, Klára; Šoukalová, Kristýna; Kopecký, Michal ...
Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery,
9/2023, Volume:
14, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Mobbing ist ein großes Problem in der Schule, und der Umgang damit wird in der Lehrer*innenausbildung selten oder gar nicht thematisiert. In dieser Studie befragten wir 103 deutsche ...Lehramtsanwärter*innen zu ihrer Einstellung gegenüber körperlichen, verbalen, relationalen und Cybermobbing-Situationen. Für jede dieser Situationen wollten wir einschätzen, (a) wie ernst man die Situation nehmen würde (Schweregrad), (b) wie wütend man über die Situation wäre (Ärger), (c) wie mitfühlend man gegenüber dem Opfer wäre (Empathie), (d) wie wahrscheinlich eine Intervention wäre (Intervention) und (e) wie kompetent man sich fühlen würde, in der Situation zu intervenieren (Kompetenz). Alle Arten von Mobbing wurden sehr ernst genommen, wobei verbales Mobbing signifikant weniger ernst genommen wurde als die anderen drei Arten. Cybermobbing und physische Angriffe führten zu größerer Verärgerung als verbales oder relationales Mobbing. Häufigeres Eingreifen wurde für Cyber- und physisches Mobbing berichtet, seltener für relationales und verbales Mobbing. Angehende Lehrer*innen fühlten sich aber in allen Mobbing-Situationen wenig kompetent einzugreifen.
Currently, there is considerable debate surrounding the presence of some human language‐specific characteristics in non‐human animals, such as the use of compositional syntax (i.e. meaning of a ...sequence determined both by meaning of its individual parts and in the way they are combined). Compositional syntax has been investigated in mobbing calls of two closely related tit species, the Japanese Tit Parus minor and the Great Tit Parus major, but with one contrasting result: hearing calls in the reversed order diminished the behavioural responses of Japanese Tits but only partially those of Great Tits. This difference may have been due to an external factor such as the season in which the experiment was undertaken, as the Japanese Tits were tested in winter and Great Tits in spring. Here, we studied the responses of Great Tits towards natural and reversed mobbing sequences during spring and winter by investigating two behaviours: approaching and vigilance behaviours. We found that sensitivity to syntax reversal was impacted by the season. The birds were vigilant but less likely to approach reversed calls in winter. However, the opposite occurred in spring, with the birds scanning less but still approaching. This study suggests that the perception of combinatorial calls in Great Tits is influenced by the season, emphasizing the importance of context in studies investigating complex cognitive processing in animals.
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