Rape myth acceptance (RMA) is the acceptance of false beliefs, stereotypes, and statements about rape, victims, and perpetrators (Burt, 1980). Rape myths become outdated as we learn more about sexual ...violence. Therefore, psychometric scales should be updated periodically to reflect the more nuanced phenomenon of rape myth acceptance. Several items in the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA; Payne et al., 1999; McMahon & Farmer, 2011) may measure knowledge about the rape perpetrator's psychology rather than rape myth acceptance. In current studies we developed and validated an updated rape myth acceptance scale called the Rape Excusing Attitudes and Language (REAL) Scale without items measuring knowledge about rape. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on two separate datasets (N = 663), the REAL Scale presents a four factor, 20-item scale. We provide evidence of validation through demonstrating the Scale's convergent and discriminative validity by correlating the REAL Scale with the IRMA and the Rape Victim Empathy Scale (RVES; Smith & Frieze, 2003). We argue that the REAL Scale should be adopted in future studies assessing rape myth acceptance because the items explain the same amount of variance in the RVES as the IRMA, but the REAL Scale displays more face validity.
•RMA scales often contain empirically supported statements.•We developed and validated an updated RMA scale across two studies (N = 665).•Our REAL Scale predicted the same amount of variance in the RVES as revised IRMA.•Our REAL Scale contained no empirically supported items – unlike other RMA scales.
This paper reviews A.M. Lobok's monograph, The Anthropology of Myth. It was published in 1997 in Ekaterinburg by the publishing house Bank of Cultural Information, but is still little known ...in the scientific community and belongs to the philosophical underground. This has necessitated the creation of a review work to present The Anthropology of Myth to a wider readership. Despite an almost quarter-century gap between the year of publication and the present, the reviewed monograph is one of the most interdisciplinary to date and may be of interest to researchers specialising in mythology, general myth theory, philosophical anthropology, cultural philosophy, physical anthropology, pedagogy and body studies.
Mathematical myths/beliefs are mental representations or views held by an individual towards mathematics, which may be constructed as a result of social experience, mediated through school, parents, ...peers or mass media. The purpose of this research is to examine the myths that exist and are believed by people or someone who has been the object of learning mathematics. The research method used in this research is library research/library research. To achieve this goal, this research article is supported by various literatures sourced from journals or scientific articles that discuss topics with keywords: mathematical problems, difficulty analysis, as well as journals that have criteria such as; published in the last five years, and is already indexed. Searching for reference sources resulted in 42 journals or articles consisting of 16 international articles, 28 national journals, and 4 printed books. which is difficult, 3) mathematics is about numbers and abstract objects, 4) mathematics is about right or wrong, 5) learning mathematics is terror anxiety/fear, and 6) math is the same as brain processing.
Superstition as a culture has mythological and historical roots, it is difficult to remove so easily among individuals in society, the aims of this study are to measure the prevalence of ...superstitious thought among students and finding the most important superstitious thought University students According to the variables (gender, place of residence and specialty ) the descriptive method was used to describe superstitious thoughts among university students, the research community is the students of Sulaimani University and (378) students were taken as a sample. the results show that Superstitious thoughts dominate the thinking of university students, Superstitious thoughts are more among female students than male students and I more among students who living in urban areas and It is lower among students in scientific colleges than in medical and humanities colleges.
The myth contributed to the birth of literature and was the source and beginning of literature. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of mythology in the development of various types of ...arts, in the very development of artistic and figurative thinking, and, of course, primarily in the development of fiction. The study of the poetics of myth is associated with the revival of the mythologizing tradition in Uzbek literature.
Louis Réau et Versailles Leroux, Flavie
Bulletin du Centre de Recherche du Château de Versailles,
02/2024
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
L’historien de l’art Louis Réau (1881-1961) constitue une référence incontournable pour qui s’intéresse à la mobilité des artistes et à l’influence exercée par la France en Europe. Dans ses travaux, ...il relève de nombreux « satellites » qui s’inspireraient des palais et places françaises ; parmi ceux qu’il érige en modèles, Versailles, son château et ses jardins, occupe une place de premier choix, devenant sous sa plume le « type accompli de la résidence royale » au point d’exercer, au xviiie siècle, « une irrésistible attraction sur tous les “despotes éclairés” ». Cette vision, développée à compter des années 1920, n’est pas neuve et s’inscrit dans la continuité d’une perspective à la fois patriotique et nationaliste déjà ancienne. Elle n’en fait pas moins date et infuse, parfois jusqu’à nos jours, de nombreuses études comparatives. Le but de cet article est d’en comprendre les tenants et aboutissants, et de mieux cerner l’édification d’un mythe – celui de Versailles – que Réau entretient tout en s’en inspirant.
Art historian Louis Réau (1881-1961) is essential reading for anyone interested in the mobility of artists and the French influence in Europe. In his work, Réau identifies numerous ‘satellites’ inspired by French palaces and squares. Principal among those he sets up as models is Versailles, its château and gardens, which becomes, in his words, the ‘consummate royal residence’ to the point of exerting, by the eighteenth century, ‘an irresistible attraction on all “enlightened despots”’. Réau’s vision, developed from the 1920s onwards, was not new, being part of a long-standing patriotic and nationalist perspective. Nonetheless, it represents a landmark and infuses many comparative studies, sometimes right up to the present day. The aim of this article is to examine the workings of Réau’s thinking, to better understand the construction of a myth – the myth of Versailles – that he both maintains and draws inspiration from.
Abstract This article reviews research literature examining the effects of key factors that influence individual's attitudes towards victims of rape. The impact of rape myths, gender roles and ...substance use on attributions of blame in cases of rape are discussed. The phenomenon of victim-blaming within such cases is explored with reference to the attribution theory to help explain why rape victims are sometimes seen as deserving of their misfortune. Findings indicate that men demonstrate higher rape myth acceptance than women and attribute higher levels of blame to victims than women; women who violate traditional gender roles are attributed more blame than those women who do not; and women who consume alcohol prior to their attack are attributed higher levels of blame than those who are not intoxicated. The findings are discussed with reference to the implications for the Criminal Justice System and future interventions for both victims and perpetrators of rape.
Finland was an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire during the years 1808–1917. At this time nationalism as well as other ideologies reached Finland from Europe, which strengthened the ...willingness to change both in society and on a governmental level. The Fennoman movement, which was a movement focusing both on language and on nationalism, became the core of the Finnish self-perception. The goal was to define Finland as a coherent and separate country in relation to its neighbouring countries. Collecting folk poems and learning to know one’s home country became essential. People saw the Kalevala poems as a way to understand and define the Finnish identity and the history of the Finnish people. Especially young people with a background in academia were intrigued by these ideas. University students collected poems all over the Grand Duchy of Finland as well as in the Russian part of Carelia, in Sweden, Norway and in Ingria. Students who collected these folk poems also wrote travelogues about their travels and all this material was handed over to The Finnish Literature Society. These documents are unique and there has not been much research done on them, especially with the focus on how the young academic generation during the age of autonomy defined their home country, their national self-perception, themselves and the commoners living in the rural parts of the country. This book reviews travelogues written by one hundred university students who travelled in the country collecting folk poems during 1836–1917. The book offers insight into how the students described Finland and what it meant to be Finnish. Travelogues can be defined as a sort of hybrid of texts. They consist of a mixture of letters, journals, biographical texts and travel books. Consequently, the image that the students depict of Finland is in this study based upon research perspectives and methods used in textual research, oral history and travel literature. The travelogues written by students previously evoked the interest of researchers who mainly studied certain traits of poem collectors, tradition bearers or poems. However, the travelogues contain plenty of information about the lives of the people who lived in the areas where the poems were collected. The descriptions of Finland in the travelogues do not represent the “real” 19th century Finland, but instead it is a story written and created by university students. The characteristics that are presented in The Land of Hope are based on how the intelligentsia perceived “real” Finnishness as opposed to the uneducated commoners living in the rural parts of the country. The most notable themes in the travelogues are the state and the future of the society and of being Finnish. Another theme is the otherization of those who were uneducated commoners. These themes describe the fears and hopes that university students had about Finland. They also show us that the travelogues were ideological texts about Finland and Finnishness that united the collectors of folk poetry. This book studies the collection of folk poetry in the context of the ideologies during the age of autonomy and it explains what the collection of poems meant and who were involved in it. Furthermore, the book gives an insight into the possibilities to pursue academic studies and it also presents the most essential sources of students’ knowledge about Finland at that point of time.
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