Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are disproportionately impacted by various health issues and associated risk factors, but little is known about differences in these outcomes between ...gender identities within the TGD population. This study characterized the health of a diverse sample of TGD youth and young adults. Data were taken from the baseline visit of two longitudinal studies in the Chicago area, RADAR (
N
= 1079,
M
age = 20.8 years) and FAB 400 (
N
= 488,
M
age = 19.57 years), which are cohorts of young sexual and gender minorities assigned male at birth (AMAB) and assigned female at birth (AFAB), respectively. There was a combined sample of 214 TGD (128 AFAB, 86 AMAB) individuals across cohorts. We examined differences between gender identities in self-reported health and related psychosocial variables, and compared TGD youth and their cisgender sexual minority peers from their cohort of origin on all variables. Among TGD youth, we found high rates of depression and suicidality (ideation, plan, attempt), violence (trauma, victimization, childhood sexual abuse), and substance use (cigarette, alcohol, illicit drug use). With the exception of depression, transgender women and non-binary AMAB youth reported worse health outcomes than transgender men and non-binary AFAB youth. Non-binary AMAB youth reported the highest rates of certain outcomes, including traumatic experiences and suicidal ideation. TGD youth generally reported worse outcomes than cisgender sexual minority youth; these differences were less pronounced among AFAB youth. Findings point to the diversity of experiences within the TGD population and critical needs for intervention approaches to mitigate health disparities.
Care remains an essential feature of transformative feminist and gender politics—including performance (Hamington & Rosenow, 2019). This article takes as its starting point feminist “ethics of care” ...scholarship that is grounded in the Cavelian theme of the “vulnerability of ordinary life” (Ferrarese, 2016; Garlough, 2013) and builds on performance studies work engaged by issues of oppression, human rights, and vulnerability (Becker et al., 2021; Bertrand, 2020; Dolan, 2010). Exploring care and performance from both scholarly and applied perspectives, it complicates the conceptual relationship between “vulnerability” and “crisis” to better understand the limits and potential of care in performance activism. Two research examples illustrate how caring practices, during interrelated global crises, have been addressed in local performances in the midwestern United States. The first explores elders’ experiences of vulnerability, isolation, and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on local Wisconsin Raging Grannies performers, as they reimagine vulnerability as “call for caring response-ability” through community performance activism that critiques “privileged irresponsibility” (Tronto, 1998, 2013). The second considers experiences of vulnerability and isolation through the documentary-style theatre project GenderTalks (2020) by Orion Risk. This ongoing work united transgender, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming people from Wisconsin and Iowa in candid virtual dialogues about gender during COVID-19 social distancing. A virtual play from the transcripts was performed in US fringe festivals. The GenderTalks project provides important insights about care’s potential in performances to create opportunities for interconnection and social critique (D’Urso, Rosenberg, and Winget, 2021).Both performance contexts illustrate the impossibility of detangling care “from its messy worldliness” (de la Bellacasa, 2017) and how care becomes increasingly complicated and valuable in interrelated moments of crisis. This work centers ways that vulnerability can be reimagined through performance as a powerful political resource, as well as means of rejuvenation and social connection.
Interviews with 41 nonbinary individuals reveal a considerable amount of ambivalence among nonbinary people regarding transgender identification. There is also disagreement about which model of ...transgender legitimacy determines group membership: the binary and medicalized model or the umbrella model. Those who do not identify as transgender either do not consider themselves to be “trans enough” to claim group membership alongside trans men and trans women or otherwise consider their gender experience to be qualitatively different from the transgender experience. Meanwhile, those who do identify as transgender credit the umbrella model as authoritative while acknowledging that their claims to group membership are often resisted by those who uphold the binary transgender model. Finally, those who defy an easy yes/no transgender categorization schema qualify their transgender identification with admissions of doubt that they are really “trans enough” to claim the label or through linguistic practices that position themselves as tangentially transgender or as distinctly nonbinary transgender. This range of responses illuminates the diverse gender identities that coexist among nonbinary people that cannot be neatly sorted into a man/woman or cisgender/transgender binary. Research on the sociology of gender must expand beyond both of these binary frameworks to reflect the reality of gender diversity.
Non-binary and genderqueer (NBGQ) people are those who do not identify within the gender binary system (male vs. female), not falling exclusively in man/male or woman/female normative categories. A ...higher proportion of NBGQ people is usually found within young persons. This population is marginalized and, as such, is at risk of stigmatization and of developing negative health outcomes. As literature on the health of NBGQ people is sparse, this study aims at systematically review the limited studies on this field.
The research questions which guided the systematic review were: (1) What are the differences in the health levels between NBGQ and binary transgender (BT) individuals? (2) What are the differences in the health levels between NBGQ and cisgender individuals? (3) Which medical and psychological interventions are most suitable for improving NBGQ health? According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the current systematic review. Among them, 9 were focused on the health differences between NBGQ and BT individuals, 4 of the latter and 1 individually were focused on the health differences between NBGQ and cisgender individuals, and 1 was focused on the evaluation of health outcomes related to medical procedures. No studies assessed psychological interventions aimed at improving health in NBGQ individuals. All studies were cross-sectional, did not generally recruit a large sample of NBGQ individuals, and used non-probability sample design. Results related to the difference in health between NBGQ and BT were mixed; indeed, some found a better health status while others a worse one. Results related to the differences in health between NBGQ and cisgender highlighted higher health needs in NBGQ than in BT individuals. The only study analyzing the effects of medical interventions on health found that NBGQ female-assigned at birth individuals improved their quality of life after chest surgery.
Although scholars are starting to pay attention to the NBGQ health, research needs to be expanded both in terms of methodology and research contents. Clinical, health-related social policies, and research recommendations in this field are reported.
Non-Binary Spin Wave Based Circuit Design Mahmoud, Abdulqader Nael; Vanderveken, Frederic; Ciubotaru, Florin ...
IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers,
10/2022, Volume:
69, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
By their very nature, Spin Waves (SWs) excited at the same frequency but different amplitudes, propagate through waveguides and interfere with each other at the expense of ultra-low energy ...consumption. In addition, all (part) of the SW energy can be moved from one waveguide to another by means of coupling effects. In this paper we make use of these SW features and introduce a novel non Boolean algebra based paradigm, which enables domain conversion free ultra-low energy consumption SW based computing. Subsequently, we leverage this computing paradigm by designing a non-binary spin wave adder, which we validate by means of micro-magnetic simulation. To get more inside on the proposed adder potential we assume a 2-bit adder implementation as discussion vehicle, evaluate its area, delay, and energy consumption, and compare it with conventional SW and 7 nm CMOS counterparts. The results indicate that our proposal diminishes the energy consumption by a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3.14 \times </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">6 \times </tex-math></inline-formula>, when compared with the conventional SW and 7 nm CMOS functionally equivalent designs, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed non-binary adder implementation requires the least number of devices, which indicates its potential for small chip real-estate realizations.
Transgender and non-binary (TNB) individuals are at greater risk of mental health concerns relative to their cisgender peers due to experiences of minority stress. Thus, it is critically important to ...identify factors that may be protective and buffer the effects of minority stress. This study examined whether romantic relationship involvement and quality buffered effects of TNB minority stress on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.
A large international sample (n = 1156) of TNB adults (n = 654 partnered; n = 502 single) reported on minority stress experiences, relationship status and quality, and mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation).
The effects of victimization and rejection on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation were attenuated among partnered individuals. However, once relationship quality was considered, the buffering effects of relationship involvement applied only to those in more satisfying relationships; the stress-buffering effects were not observed among those in distressed relationships. Of particular importance, general interpersonal satisfaction did not act as a minority stress buffer, suggesting there may be unique stress-buffering effects of being in a satisfying romantic relationship on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.
The cross-sectional nature of the current study precludes definitive conclusions regarding causation.
These findings suggest that romantic involvement may serve a stress-buffering role for TNB adults, but only when these relationships are satisfying. Our results have important theoretical and clinical implications, and further research is needed to investigate the utility of relationship interventions to buffer the effects of TNB minority stress on depressive symptoms and suicidality.
•Being partnered buffers TNB minority stress effects on depression and suicidality.•Buffering effects applied only to satisfying romantic relationships•Buffering effects most evident for interpersonal minority stressors•General interpersonal satisfaction did not buffer minority stress effects.
Sexual imagery and fantasy are key aspects of human sexuality. They are associated with sexual arousal and response and are reflective of societal influences on sexuality. A limitation of the ...existing literature on sexual fantasies is the pervasive focus on cisgender heterosexual individuals, whose behavior is considered normative in a cis-heteronormative society. This research has established the strong influence of gendered sexual scripts on the functioning and content of (presumably) cisgender individuals' sexual fantasies. How these gendered scripts might apply to individuals whose gender identity falls outside the binary is an under-researched area of study. The present work is aimed at providing a better understanding of non-binary individuals' sexuality through a qualitative investigation of sexual fantasies in a matched sample of Italian non-binary and cisgender individuals. Participants included 44 adults, 22 of whom identified as non-binary, 13 as cisgender women, and 9 as cisgender men. Results indicated that the sexual fantasies of non-binary individuals were generally comparable to cisgender individuals but were significantly more likely to contain references to non-normative genitals, and less likely to refer to themselves as the object of desire. Discussion focuses on how the differences in non-binary individuals' sexual fantasies affirmed, or were the result of, their gender identity.
Diana Greene Foster was at the annual National Abortion Federation conference in Orlando, Florida, when a leaked draft decision revealed the US Supreme Court's intention to overturn Roe v. Wade in ...May. ...Foster had been so concerned that the court would undermine the landmark 1973 ruling that protected access to abortions, that she had already started planning a study to look at the impacts in those states most likely to ban the procedure. Foster noticed that the draft decision did not mention the wealth of research on abortion outcomes that she and others had already presented to the court, and she vowed to ensure that scientific evidence would become part of the conversation.
This paper offers a conceptually informed analysis of fostering and adoption social work and argues for more consistent inclusion of trans and non‐binary people. The conceptual framework through ...which we explore current policy and practice is set out to provide clarity about the ways in which we employ the concepts of trans, gender diversity, and cisgenderism (a prejudicial ideology). We employ the notion of cisgenderism as a critical lens through which to overview fostering and adoption social work within the context of trans inclusion. Focus is turned to the existing literature relevant to trans parenting, trans‐headed families, and the field of fostering and adopting. We highlight significant knowledge gaps in this regard. We then argue that if fostering and adoption social work is to embody inclusive practice with trans people, a new culture must be embedded to promote collaborative working, enhance knowledge, and improve service provision. The paper concludes by asserting that such an approach must be underpinned by an understanding, acceptance, and appreciation of people who identify as trans and/or as non‐binary.
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