In recent years, although there has been a desire to provide appropriate care for children with special needs, the resources available in elementary schools and nursery schools are limited. For this ...reason, the need for consultation has been increasing. The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of behavioral consultation in a nursery school class and of a method of consultation that enabled the consultees to conduct functional assessments by themselves. The study was done in a nursery school class of twenty 4-year-olds, including 3 children with special needs; the consultees were the 2 teachers responsible for that class. Some of the children left their seats, left the room, engaged in aggressive behavior, and frequently talked with other children during class. After 7 consultations, it became possible to respond to the function of the children's behavior, so that the teachers could focus on the children's adaptive behavior and on reinforcing alternative behavior. Fewer children in the class left their seats, left the room, engaged in aggressive behavior, or talked with their classmates. It is desirable for nursery school teachers to perform functional assessment themselves.
•About 40% of two-dose vaccinated nursery school children became ill with varicella.•Outbreaks at nursery schools might be transmitted from older students, perhaps siblings.•Vaccine effectiveness in ...the nursery school for more than one dose was not confirmed.•Vaccination using one dose or more can reduce severity significantly.
In Japan, routine administration to one-year-old children of two-dose immunization for varicella was introduced in October 2014.
Object
The object of this study was to report outbreaks of varicella under routine immunization at a nursery school and in its surrounding area using data of surrounding areas from the (Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance System. Then, we measured the effectiveness of routine two-dose immunization for varicella to onset. We tentatively assessed its severity in a nursery school.
The study period extended from April 2017 through March 2018. The study area comprised Nursery school B and other nursery schools, and elementary and junior high schools in City A. Subjects in Nursery school B were 120 children. We analyzed vaccine effectiveness (VE) as an observational study and assessed severity using Fisher’s exact test. We also assessed VE for severity using linear regression. Severity was defined as the length of nursery school absence attributable to varicella infection.
During the one month preceding a period of two weeks before the initial case at Nursery school B, there were 16 cases of varicella infection in nursery schools, 45 cases in elementary schools, and one case in junior high schools in City A. For children who had received one vaccine dose or more, VE was 48.1% for all ages and 49.2% among children three years old and older. No significant VE against infection was found. Vaccination using one dose or more can reduce severity significantly.
Discussion and conclusion: Because many nursery school children who had received two doses of vaccine were infected, VE was estimated as low in the nursery school and not significant. Although VE for severity with more than one dose was confirmed, a second dose might not reduce severity compared to one dose.
The question of ethics in pedagogical relationships, i.e., what is to be evaluated as right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate, required or to be omitted, arises again and again at any time. This ...is currently impressively demonstrated by the ambivalences of the regulation of closeness and distance as well as the intersubjective recognition process, which have become alarmingly visible in the wake of the numerous uncovered cases of forcibly imposed closeness and other forms of violence. The authors shed light on questions of ethics in pedagogical relationships from different disciplines and invite us to reflect and think further.
Die Frage einer Ethik in pädagogischen Beziehungen, d.h., was als richtig oder falsch, angemessen oder unangemessen, geboten oder zu unterlassen zu bewerten ist, stellt sich zu jeder Zeit immer wieder neu. Das zeigt sich aktuell eindrücklich an den Ambivalenzen der Regulation von Nähe und Distanz sowie des intersubjektiven Anerkennungsgeschehens, die in der Folge der zahlreichen aufgedeckten Fälle gewaltsam aufgezwungener Nähe und anderer Formen von Gewalt in erschreckender Weise sichtbar geworden sind. Die Autor:innen beleuchten Fragen einer Ethik in pädagogischen Beziehungen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen und laden zum Nach- und Weiterdenken ein.
Nursery schools and (full-time and part-time) parental leave are key resources used to ensure the work and family balance of Spanish families. This work examines how the use of unpaid parental leave ...influences nursery school attendance during the first three years of the child's life.
Data from a 2012 survey on parental leave in Spain was used. Three multivariate logistic regression models were created to analyze factors associated with nursery school attendance. The results suggest that part-time parental leave has a positive relationship with nursery school attendance,
revealing a relationship of complementarity; on the other hand, it is suggested that full-time parental leave is used as a substitute for nursery school attendance.
The Education Against Tobacco (EAT) network delivers smoking prevention advice in secondary schools, typically using the mirroring approach (i.e., a "selfie" altered with a face-aging app and shared ...with a class). In November 2017, however, the German assembly of EAT opted to expand its remit to include nursing students. To assess the transferability of the existing approach, we implemented it with the self-developed face-aging app "Smokerface" (=mixed - methods approach) in six nursing schools. Anonymous questionnaires were used to assess the perceptions of 197 students (age 18⁻40 years; 83.8% female; 26.4% smokers; 23.3% daily smokers) collecting qualitative and quantitative data for our cross-sectional study. Most students perceived the intervention to be fun (73.3%), but a minority disagreed that their own animated selfie (25.9%) or the reaction of their peers (29.5%) had motivated them to stop smoking. The impact on motivation not to smoke was considerably lower than experienced with seventh graders (63.2% vs. 42.0%; notably, more smokers also disagreed (45.1%) than agreed (23.5%) with this statement. Agreement rates on the motivation not to smoke item were higher in females than in males and in year 2⁻3 than in year 1 students. Potential improvements included greater focus on pathology (29%) and discussing external factors (26%). Overall, the intervention seemed to be appealing for nursing students.
Se realiza una primera exploración de la evaluación de las matemáticas emergentes, que se refieren a las primeras matemáticas de naturaleza intuitiva e informal que desarrollan los niños menores de 3 ...años. Para la obtención de datos, en primer lugar, se ha realizado una entrevista semiestructurada a una maestra de una Escuela Infantil y, en segundo lugar, se ha documentado e interpretado matemáticamente una propuesta educativa implementada en un grupo de 12 niños de 1-2 años, a partir de la rúbrica “Adquisición de conocimientos matemáticos informales de 0 a 3 años” (ACMI 0-3). Los resultados muestran: a) la carencia de formación por parte de los docentes en cuanto a las estrategias y recursos para la evaluación de las matemáticas emergentes; b) la validez de la rúbrica utilizada para documentar e interpretar matemáticamente las acciones de los niños, evidenciándose que la mayoría de acciones se asocian al reconocimiento de las cualidades sensoriales y la posición relativa de los objetos. Se concluye que es necesario proporcionar conocimientos disciplinares y didácticos, tanto en la formación inicial como continua, para que las profesionales de la Escuela Infantil puedan promover y evaluar las matemáticas emergentes de manera eficaz.
This report is the user participation technique in the refurbishing work of nursery school outside wall in Nisshin city, Aichi Prefecture. We interviewed nursery school children by “coloring”. ...Parents and nursery school teachers deepened their understanding of refurbishing work by the coloring of the nursery school children. Develop user participation technique for nursery school children and summarize results and issues.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and clarify the associated risk factors among nursery school children in Sapporo City. Oral ...examinations and a questionnaire survey on daily living conditions were conducted for children at 16 nursery schools in Sapporo, Hokkaido, who received dental examinations conducted from May to July 2018. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the presence of dental caries. A total of 1,537 children (730 boys, 698 girls, and 109 unknown) out of 1,764 subjects were analyzed. The number of people (prevalence of dental caries) in each age group was 32 (0.0%) for zero-year-olds, 171 (0.0%) for one-year-olds, 257 (1.2%) for two-year-olds, 350 (9.4%) for three-year-olds, 320 (24.7%) for four-year-olds, 330 (29.7%) for five-year-olds, and 77 (49.4%) for six-year-olds. At three and four years of age, the factors significantly correlated with dental caries were drinking sugar-containing water at least four times a month, other dental caries risk habits, and a male sex, with odds ratios of 1.69 (p=0.046), 2.08 (p=0.016), and 1.84 (p=0.007), respectively. At five and six years of age, the factor significantly correlated with dental caries was the lack of daily brushing by parents, with an odds ratio of 5.08 (p<0.001). In this study, it was shown that the risk factors for dental caries development were different for each age group. It was suggested that health guidance is important according to the risk factors for dental caries development in each age group.
This study investigated how teachers deal with children's behavior during mealtimes. Using questionnaires, teachers were asked to self-evaluate both effective and ineffective methods they had used ...to address children's (3 years or older) problematic behavior during meals. The teachers used various verbal and non-verbal means to address children's behavior, depending on the situation, and felt that encouraging children to succeed, such as by using their classmates as examples, was effective, while scolding children without proper communication and without being objective was not. The study showed that teachers must be creative in developing a range of strategies to handle different children. Teachers must also be flexible and open to new strategies, rather than relying on methods that have previously been effective. Therefore, to establish a child-friendly environment during mealtimes, teachers with different experiences should advise each other and continuously learn from the children by observing them and adjusting their methods accordingly.
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