•Flexible and energy efficient TWDM PON architecture.•Capable of direct inter and intra Optical distribution network (ODN) communication.•Capable of direct inter-optical networking unit (ONU) ...communication.•Latency-aware and reliable optical network architecture for smart rural and urban communities.
Nowadays, service reliability, operation cost, transmission latency of optical access networks are the major challenging issues that need to be addressed while planning and developing the next-generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs). This paper proposes a flexible, energy-efficient, time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM) PON architecture that has the capability of centralized optical line terminal (OLT) resource sharing with multiple optical networks. The architecture has the point-to-point direct inter-optical networking unit (dedicated inter-ONU) transmission capability among the various ONUs located within the same optical distribution network (ODN). Such transmission may also be referred to as direct intra-ODN communication. The architecture also has the potential of transmitting an inter-ONU signal to the ONUs residing in the different ODNs (inter-ODN) belonging to the same optical network (OPN). Such transmission may be referred as the direct inter-ODN or intra-OPN transmission. The architecture reduces the normalized energy consumption of approximately 2.21875 Wh per hour, normalized transmission latency of approximately 148 µs for the direct inter-ONU transmission. This is achieved by diverting the inter-ONU signal from the remote nodes (RNs) itself towards the intended ONUs. The percentage energy saving of the proposed architecture is approximately 74 % as compared to the conventional architecture. The proposed architecture is suitable for strengthening the existing information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructures and can be implemented in next-generation flexible, energy-efficient, latency-aware, and reliable optical networks for developing smart rural and urban communities.
In this paper we propose an optimization framework for multiple deployment of PON in a wide region with very large number of users, with different bit rate demands, serviced by many central offices, ...as it may practically happen in a large city that plans a massive introduction of Fiber to the Home technologies using PON. We propose an algorithm called Optimal Topology Search (OTS), which is based on a set of heuristic approaches, capable of performing an optimal dimensioning of multiple PON deployments for a set of central offices (CO), including an optimal distribution of users among the CO. The set of heuristics integrated in OTS permit the efficient clustering of users for each CO, depending on their location and the bit rate demanded by them. It also permits the definition of optimal routes for optical cables and the allocation of branching devices. Taking into account hardware capacity restrictions and physical layer restrictions, we obtained solutions for different types of standardized PON technologies, like GPON, XGPON and NGPON2 as well as for future UDWDM-PON. We evaluate the optimal network deployment in a series of different minimum guaranteed bit rate demand scenarios, employing realistic maps of a large city in order to compare costs and portrait some reference points for deciding in which scenario a specific technology constitutes the best choice.
V delu je predstavljena možnost za vključitev optoelektronskega oscilatorja (GEO) v radijsko dostopovno omrežje sodobnih mobilnih komunikacijskih sistemov. Trenutno radijsko dostopovno omrežje v ...vsaki oddaljeni radijski enoti uporablja lokalni oscilator (LO) s frekvenčním množilnikom za frekvenčno pretvorbo podatkovnega signala v višje frekvenčno področje, pri čemer množenje povzroči nezaželeno naraščanje faznega šuma v komunikacijskem sistemu. To dejstvo pomeni težave pri uvajanju novih generacij radijskih dostopovnih omrežij na višjih frekvencah, ker fazni šum omejuje modulacijsko stopnjo in celično pokrivanje. V članku je opisan nov pristop za poenostavitev oddaljenih radijskih enot z uvedbo centraliziranega OEO, ki je zmožen proizvodnje signala z zelo nizkim faznim šumom v mikrovalovnem in milimetrskem valovnem področju. Predlagana sta namestitev oscilatorja v centralni postaji radijskega dostopovnega omrežja in razdeljevanje v posamezne oddaljene radijske enote prek distribucijske pasivne optične infrastrukture, s čimer se onemogoči kvarni vpliv okoljskih sprememb na delovanje oscilatorja. Predlagani sistemski načrt je primeren za visokozmogljivo prihajajočo peto generacijo (5G) in bodočo šesto generacijo (6G) mobilnih omrežij, ki bosta delovali v milimetrskem področju.
The steady increase in the demand for broadband services and the consequent increase in the volume of generated traffic in our communication networks have motivated the need to implement next ...generation networks in our territories. Optical Fibre cable is used as media to design long/short network and it supports high bandwidth in Gigabits per second speed. Earlier OFC is used to connect the long distance places and called Optical Transport Network and presently used even in local/Access network called Optical Access Network. In present environment data to be transmitted is so high due to growth in internet. Successful transmission of such a huge bandwidth is big challenging job for long distance network designer. All customers require the QOS and they are interested to make SLA for their service to be obtained from Service provider. ISP should design their network to support the customer requirement suitably otherwise ISP cannot survive in this competitive environment. This paper aims to explain the design and planning of a passive optical network based fiber to the home architecture. The main idea of this paper is to build a fabricated environment that allows us to analyse the depth on FTTx networks and decide which is the most preferable option for this environment. Finally, the simulation software that meets the design requirements will be chosen, the design of passive optical network will be made and the results justify that the network is more viable and can be implemented in a real time.
This paper describes an useful scheme of ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) meant for the bidirectional transmission of analog video signals to the users ...in the Optical Network Unit (ONU). Each user has a dedicated wavelength which carries a group of analog video channels. This PON scheme is bidirectional with a long distance of transmission of 100 km typically over a single optical fiber. The video channels designated for a particular user in the ONU can be continuously tuned by a post-detection tunable bandpass filter. Intermodulation distortion (IMD) resulting from a mixing of analog video channels carried by a single wavelength has been calculated for a group of three video channels which lies in the range of –30 dB to –85 dB typically for a set of values of parameters used in practice. This IMD level is fairly acceptable for analog video signal transmission and reception in practice. The novelty of this scheme is that it is long reach.
As the scalable deployment of PON network and the maturity of next generation PON technologies, optical link fault management should be well considered. OTDR is now under study in the industry. Based ...on our study and real network operation experience, we give an analysis on use case and functional requirements of OTDR, which could be used as a guide in OTDR development and implementation.
Optical Distribution Network is a kind of optical transmission path connecting Optical Line Terminal and Optical Network Unit. This article mainly studies how to optimize broadband loan problems of ...the backbone network. In order to get the best allocation scheme of the Optical Distribution Network problems, we propose a solution which is converting the Optical Distribution Network partitioning problem into a graph partitioning model, and solve the problem by adopting Graph partitioning algorithms. Graph partitioning is about the undirected graph , is the collection of all vertexes. is the collection of all sides. Any vertex in the vertex set has weight value of a positive integer. Any side in a side set has weight value of a positive integer. The vertex set is divided into non-intersecting subsets , and .As to every subset , it has ,,.What we need to solve is to get the minimum sum of weight values between m non-intersecting subsets. The experimental results show that Graph partitioning algorithm is efficient.
Since the 1970s, with the in-depth study of graph partitioning, we have found that, graph partitioning, both in the fields of academic researches and engineering applications, has its own important ...applications, such as the layout of the fiber-optic network in telecommunication network. Therefore, the graph partitioning problem has been widespread concerning and largely studied by the scholars at home and abroad. Tabu search, as one of the modern optimization algorithm, has been playing an invaluable effect in many fields. And by now, both graph partitioning and tabu search have been developed to a certain extent, but few people consider the integration of the two problems, coordinate optimization, so as to achieve better results. Therefore, this paper proposes a graph partitioning method based on coordination and optimization of constructive graph partitioning algorithm and tabu search algorithm and obtains a graph partitioning algorithms of good efficiency and quality. In the experimental part of the paper, optical distribution network partitioning problem is transformed into a graph partitioning model. Experimental results show that the efficiency and quality of the partitioning method are acceptable in optical distribution network division.
Considering the fact that the Euclidian Minimum Spanning Tree (EMST) is a subset of the correspondent Delaunay's triangulation, this paper presents a novel algorithm for designing a UDWDM PON based ...on the selection of an optimal tree-topology from a Voronoy-Delaunay tessellation in the users' region. Additionally, we employ not only restrictions related with the fiber length and equipment capacity but also restrictions related with the physical impairments in the optical fiber due to the UDWDM technique. For modeling the UDWDM-related physical restriction, we developed a mathematical expression for evaluating the BER-penalty as a function of the channels and links' aggregation. The results show that, due to the BER-penalty imposed by the UDWDM transmission, in this type of networks any optimization scheme must take into account the channels' aggregation in the optical links.
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