Objective
This study explored whether psychological consultation offered to women prior to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) appeared to provide psychosocial benefit to younger women ...(<35 years) at high risk of developing breast cancer due to a mutation or family history.
Methods
Qualitative interviews guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis were conducted retrospectively with 26 women who had undergone BPM. Participants were recruited from New Zealand and Australia, via a genetics clinic, registry, research cohort, and online.
Results
Three themes were identified: psychological well‐being and adjustment, satisfaction with intimacy, and body image. Participants that had seen a psychologist reported being more prepared for BPM and appeared to adjust positively post‐surgery. They appeared to have improved psychological well‐being, reported satisfaction with intimacy, and a more positive body image, compared with those who had no support.
Conclusions
Women who undergo psychological consultation prior to BPM appear to adjust positively after surgery. Implications for practice include standard psychological consultation for younger women (>35 years) considering BPM.
This qualitative research focused on the relationships between family members of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI). The aim was to explore the dynamics between caregivers of the family member ...with a brain injury during rehabilitation hospitalization, and the relationships between them and the rest of the extended family. Twenty semistructured interviews were conducted with family members. In each family, the spouse of the patient and another family member involved in caregiving were interviewed. The importance of the relationships between family members during rehabilitation hospitalization justifies the examination undertaken in this research. Findings point at the change that took place in the relationships between family members because of the need to cope with a relative’s injury. It is possible that direct intervention in the dynamics of the relationship, especially between the family of origin and the nuclear family of the injured person, can benefit extended families in coping with the crisis.
Aims and objectives
To explore caregivers’ lived experience of reading slight movements of a child with severe brain injury.
Background
Despite increased need, the development of individual care for ...children with severe brain injuries has been prevented by their severe physical state and the poor reproducibility of their movements. In addition to a lack of evidence on the motor characteristics of patients with severe brain injury with multiple disabilities, their own development contributes to increasing variability in their states. Thus, caregivers are compelled to rely on their experiences, which have not been academically explored.
Design
A qualitative study based on van Manen's method of hermeneutic phenomenology.
Methods
Data were obtained through twenty‐one 3‐hr observation sessions and five 15‐ to 45‐min group interviews. We observed a child (called AK) with severe brain injury and his 61 caregivers, and conducted group interviews with 28 caregivers. We focused on caregivers’ experiences of reading AK's slight movements. The data were interpreted based on van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach.
Results
Four themes emerged as caregivers’ experience in trying to read AK's slight movements. By considering “AK's physical state and his slight movements” and discovering “caregivers’ ‘sense of uncertainty’ about AK's slight movements,” caregivers could decipher “AK's multiple slight movements.” “Sharing” was found as a necessary aspect of these other three themes of reading AK's slight movements.
Conclusions
We presented caregivers’ experiences as related to these four themes in their efforts to read the slight movements of AK. Due to AK's slight movements with poor reproducibility, “sharing” was necessary to read AK's slight movements, as it exposes caregivers’ lived experience to the interpretation of multiple caregivers.
Relevance to clinical practice
These four themes may be useful for assessing, guiding and promoting caregivers’ use of sharing when reading the slight movements of children with severe brain injury.
This study explored the outcomes of, and adaptive strategies employed by library personnel in performing afternoon/nightshift in a mega-city like Lagos, Nigeria. The Maslach Burnout Theory was used ...as the explanation framework for burnout concepts such as; emotional exhaustion, cynicism, depersonalisation and individual accomplishment and other matters allied with longstanding, unsolved job-induced stress. The qualitative methodology guided by a phenomenological research paradigm, which is an approach that focuses on the commonality of real-life experiences in a particular group, was used. A focus group discussion among purposively selected library personnel was used as a method of data collection from staff who are involved in afternoon/nightshift. The participants were selected using convenience sampling technique in which all categories of staff in the cataloguing unit involved in nightshift were included in the sample because of their representative characteristics. The phenomenological approach was adopted in conducting the study to enable a deep elicitation of data for understanding the phenomena as it is reasonable and from a broad interpretation of perspectives drawn from individual experiences. The questions posed were meant to shed light on issues relating to the participants' maintenance of a work-life balance in-situ with performance of nightshift duties. The study discovered that library staff experience emotions of fear, insecurity, stress and financial strain over their involvement in the performance of nightshift duty at the University of Lagos library.
Problems for Dogmatism White, Roger
Philosophical studies,
12/2006, Volume:
131, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
I argue that its appearing to you that P does not provide justification for believing that P unless you have independent justification for the denial of skeptical alternatives — hypotheses ...incompatible with P but such that if they were true, it would still appear to you that P. Thus I challenge the popular view of 'dogmatism,' according to which for some contents P, you need only lack reason to suspect that skeptical alternatives are true, in order for an experience as of P to justify belief that P. I pursue three lines of objection to dogmatism, having to do with probabilistic reasoning, considerations of future or hypothetically available justification, and epistemic circularity. I briefly sketch a fall-back position which avoids the problems raised.
Forgiveness within the context of the aftermath of the Holocaust has been the focus of a large body of philosophic, ethical, and theological scholarly literature. However, studies applying a more ...social psychological lens, focusing on the healing aspects of forgiveness for Holocaust survivors, have, to date, been extremely scarce. This is despite extensive research indicating that forgiveness is effective in helping to reduce anger, stress, and despair and in cultivating an overall sense of well-being following man-made traumatic experiences. The present study aims to establish what can be learnt from a close and methodical exploration of the case of Eva Mozes-Kor, a child Holocaust survivor and a "Mengele twin," who extended forgiveness to her direct perpetrators. A qualitative phenomenological methodology was implemented through an in-depth analysis and interpretation of data collected through a direct interview with Eva and through published material of her personal accounts. Findings indicate that this case is unique not only in its remarkability but also in the human process it reveals: a life-changing conversion with the lasting effects of high levels of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and spiritual integration. These findings support and expand the emerging theory of positive victimology and highlight the need for further research.
Purpose
Understanding the experiences of long‐term care (LTC) may help to improve care by assisting mental health professionals and allowing mental health policies to be customized more effectively.
...Design and Methods
Semistructured interviews were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).
Findings
Three main themes emerged as a result: 1. Perception of selves, 2. Experience and representation of the institution, 3. Maintenance of safe spaces.
Practice Implications
Communication with patients, investigation of their identity processes, and relationship toward their past and present self during LTC might aid in well‐being and sense of congruency in their identities. Nurses should encourage patients to keep connected with their memories and past selves through different activities.
Background: Client disclosure of emotionally salient information to a therapist may be an important factor in the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp). The present ...study explores how people engaging with CBTp make sense of sharing emotionally salient information with a therapist and considers how mental health stigma may influence how participants decide whether to share information.
Methods: Eight participants were recruited for semi-structured interviews lasting 30-75 minutes. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used.
Results: Two main themes were identified. I am responsible for controlling the negative impact of disclosure refers to participants' awareness that sharing distressing experiences may have negative consequences. Participants worried about being judged, such as being seen as abnormal or having the potential to harm others. They also worried about feeling shamed or distressed. Non-disclosure may be a way of avoiding these fears. The second theme, Therapy makes me feel normal, describes how participants viewed themselves more positively from their therapist validating and understanding their experiences.
Conclusions: Internalized stigma-based beliefs may influence self-disclosure, and the therapeutic relationship may provide alternative, positive beliefs about the self as normal. Further research can explore beliefs about self-disclosure and consider micro-affirmations as a therapeutic process.
Background:
Incivility is one of the most prevalent forms of interpersonal mistreatment. Although studies have examined the full range of experiences of incivility against nurses and other hospital ...personnel, very few studies examined the forms of incivility that patients face in a hospital.
Objective:
To empirically investigate the range of uncivil experiences targeted against patients. Our study furthers our understanding of the phenomenology of incivility from the patients’ perspective.
Method:
We used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze participant’s (n = 173) experiences of incivility in a hospital.
Results:
We identified 6 major themes of incivility, namely Insensitivity, Identity Stigma, Gaslighting, Infantilization, Poor Communication, and Ignored.
Conclusion:
The findings highlight that instances of incivility are present in almost all aspects of the patient experience and take on unique forms, given the patient’s role in the hospital. Implications for health consequences are discussed.
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