U radu su prikazani rezultati laboratorijskog sušenja jabuka u različitim oblicima slijedećih sorti jabuka; Cripps Pink, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Idared, Golden Delicious i Braeburn. Tako se za čips ...od jabuke kao najpoželjniji osušeni oblik jabuke odlučilo 63%, za klipiče 21%, a za štapiće svega 16% anketiranih osoba. Anketa je pokazala da je najpoželjnija sorta za sušenje Cripps Pink, zatim Granny Smith, Jonagold, Idared, Golden Delicious, a najmanje poželjna sorta je Braeburn. Prikazani rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti pri odabiru sorti jabuka kod podizanja novih nasada jabuka, čiji su plodovi namijenjeni sušenju.
Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinke dijabetesa majke na kralježničnu moždinu ploda. Šesnaest odraslih štakorica bilo je podijeljeno u dvije jednake skupine. U jednoj skupini dijabetes je bio ...izazvan aloksanom. Obje skupine štakorica ostale su gravidne nakon parenja. Tijekom 17., 18., 19. i 20. dana gravidnosti prikupljene su kralježnične moždine plodova od svih štakorica te su tom prilikom utvrđeni podatci za masu tijela i broj plodova. Uporabom rutinskih histoloških tehnika utvrđeni su različiti histološki pokazatelji. Rezultati su pokazali da je kod plodova od majki s dijabetesom u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom došlo do smanjivanja transverzalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine, transverzalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala, broja stanica u bijeloj i sivoj supstanciji te povećanje vertikalnog dijametra kralježnične moždine i vertikalnog dijametra središnjeg kanala. Tjelesna masa fetusa od majki s dijabetesom bila je statistički značajno veća (P<0,05) u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, a broj plodova kod istih majki bio je statistički značajno manji (P<0,05)u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Hiperglikemija majki imala je štetan učinak na kralježničnu moždinu tijekom fetalnog života, što je imalo utjecaj na njezin oblik, strukturu i broj stanica.
Trauma, razvoj anomalija, infekcije i patološka stanja mogu dovesti do različitih defekata kostiju. Njihovo cijeljenje i obnova izgubljenih tkiva predstavlja veliki izazov za kirurge i istraživače. ...Ovo istraživanje poduzeto je sa svrhom da se prosude učinci kortikalnog autopresatka, komercijalne demineralizirane koštane matrice, demineralizirane koštane matrice telećeg ploda i praška od epifizealnog diska telećeg ploda na cijeljenje kostiju na kunićjem modelu. Pet okruglih defekata učinjeno je električnim svrdlom na goljeničnoj kosti u 10 bijelih novozelandskih kunića. Kontrolni defekt ostavljen je prazan dok su ostali bili ispunjeni različitim biomaterijalima. Za procjenu cijeljenja defekta učinjene su radiografske slike stražnjih nogu prvog, drugog, četvrtog i šestog tjedna nakon ranjavanja. Operirane goljenične kosti uzete su 42. dana nakon operacije te pretražene patohistološki. Radiološki i patohistološki nalazi pokazali su da autopresadak, komercijalni pripravak demineralizirane koštane matrice, demineralizirana koštana matrica telećeg ploda i prašak od epifizealnog diska telećeg ploda imaju dobar učinak na cijeljenje defekta goljeničnog zgloba u pokusnih kunića. Cijeljenje defekta u kunića kontrolne skupine bilo je slabije.
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The important biological role of ...saliva in maintaining of the homeostasis of the oral cavity environment, preventing infection and tooth decay is widely accepted. Salivary glands insufficiency may violate the balance between health and disease. Clinical data indicated that the destruction, agenesis and aplasia of salivary gland commonly followed with hypo salivation, low salivary flow, which resulted in severe caries and periodontal disease. Salivary gland dysfunction also frequently found in preterm and low birth weight newborns. But the information about structural background of abnormal salivation in early childhood is still limited. A presence of any correlation between salivary glands structural development and intrauterine restrictions of fetal growth (IUGR) is unclear. The aim of present study was to determine morphological and morphometric peculiarities of human parotid gland in case of IUGR at late gestation. Material and methods: Parotid glands of twenty human fetuses 2022 weeks of gestation with diagnosed IUGR from late abortions material were compared with ten fetal glands in cases of induced abortions due to psychological reasons (control group). Tissue samples were immersionfixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, embedded in paraffin wax. Histological slides were stained routinely with hematoxylin & eosin, with Van Gieson's Stain. Microscopical examination was performed on magnification x 40 and x 100. Stereometric study by point count method at magnification x 40 allowed finding out volume fractions (VF) of glands parenchyma and stroma. VF of lobules components (glands wall, glands lumen, ducts wall, ducts lumen, vessels, intralobular connective tissue) were registered at magnification x100. Morphometry of the secretory portion of the parotid gland was conducted on the Zeiss microscope with the help of the AxioVision Rel.4.8 program. The mature (differentiated) end pieces were measured, including their area (in mkm2), width, height, perimeter (all in mkm). Similar measurements were done in the foci of immature secretory ends of a gland. Additionally the mean height of the epithelial cells layer within the mature secretory end pieces was measured. The differences were analyzed by methods of mathematical statistics using the software Microsoft Excel; data was compared with control measurements by Students ttest. Results: The results of present research have shown the delayed differentiation of fetal parotid glands parenchymal components in case of IUGR. The parenchymal VF did not reach control values. Furthermore, VF of lobules components was also decreased. Ducts lumens appeared to be significantly narrower than at physiological gestation. Interlobular and intralobular connective tissue stroma, in contrast to the controls, occupied vast areas, and their volume fraction was increased. Deficit of the parenchymal components of the gland was enhanced by slower maturation of glands. In cases with IUGR, differentiated glands occupied smaller area, with reduced width, height and perimeter. Epithelium lining the differentiated glands is characterized by significantly lower height compared to the control group. Delayed differentiation resulted in higher proportion of immature glands. Their area, width, height and perimeter increased. IUGR was also accompanied with a variety of pathological changes. Conclusion: Present evidences suggest that IUGR leads to impaired growth and maturation of the parotid gland. Structural immaturity and lack of differentiated parenchymal elements of the organ may form the basis of its secretory functions lesion. The finding tends to support the hypothesis that the mechanism behind the increased risk of dental pathology in preterm, low birth weight and retarded children is centred at structural and functional immaturity of salivary gland.- Sergiy Morozov, Olga Reshetnikova- Literatura- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Období gravidity a laktace může ...být pro pacientky s revmatickým onemocněním rizikové. V graviditě dochází k zvýšené zátěži pohybového systému i vnitřních orgánů. U některých onemocnění ke zhoršení stavu vlivem těhotenství obvykle nedochází (např. revmatoidní artritida), u jiných onemocnění však dochází častěji k relapsům (např. systémový lupus erythematodes). Farmakoterapie léky užívanými v revmatologii je rovněž spojena s rizikem pro matku a plod. Stále častěji se uplatňuje biologická léčba, a to i u těhotných žen. V současnosti se uznává, že podávání těchto léků je u žen se závažným onemocněním, které nereagují na jiné imunomodulační léky, možné, protože nepříznivý vliv nedostatečně léčeného základního onemocnění je na zdraví matky a plodu rovněž významný. Klíčová slova: glukokortikoidy – gravidita – revmatická onemocnění – revmatoidní artritida – systémový lupus erythematodes – těhotenství- Pregnancy and lactation in patients with pre-existing rheumatic disease may carry risk for the patients. Pregnancy has a huge impact on the musculoskeletal system and internal organs. Certain rheumatic diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) are normally not affected negatively by pregnancy. Other diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus may aggravate the course of the disease, with a tendency for more frequent flares of the disease and increased complications in the pregnancy. Drugs used in rheumatology appear to be at higher risk for the mother and foetus. The use of biologic agents becomes more common in these patients including pregnant women. At present use of biological agents throughout pregnancy in patients with severe disease is reserved to those that do not respond to immunosuppressive antirheumatic treatment. Specifically, the use of biological agents is advocated in diseases not properly treated according to the maternal or foetal compromise expected. Key words: pregnancy – rheumatic diseases – systemic lupus erythematosus – rheumatoid arthritis – glucocorticoids- Jan Vachek, Hana Ciferská, Oskar Zakiyanov, Vladimír Tesař- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Úvod: Problematika náhlých příhod ...břišních (NPB) u gravidních pacientek představuje specifickou oblast na rozhraní chirurgie a gynekologie. I když zdravotní péče o těhotnou pacientku spadá do péče gynekologa-porodníka, indikace operačního výkonu pro NPB je požadována od chirurga, který má obvykle znalosti a zkušenosti s vyšetřováním těhotných pacientek. Tato skutečnost nabízí prostor ke vzniku pochybení v poskytování zdravotní péče s možnými velmi závažnými důsledky pro matku i plod. Metoda: Byla provedena literární rešerše studií publikovaných za posledních 10 let v databázi PubMed týkajících se apendektomie, cholecystektomie a laparoskopie v těhotenství v kontextu náhlých příhod břišních. Vylučovacím kritériem byly operace provedené z porodnické indikace. Výsledky: Těhotenství je doprovázeno řadou anatomických a fyziologických změn, které je nutné brát v úvahu při klinickém vyšetření pacientky, analýze výsledků laboratorních vyšetření i v rámci operační taktiky. Využití zobrazovacích technik v diagnostice NPB u těhotných je výrazně omezeno prokázaným škodlivým efektem ionizujícího záření, jakož i nejasným dopadem silného magnetického pole na plod. Timing akutního operačního výkonu pro NPB u těhotných by neměl být odlišný od časování operační intervence u ostatních pacientek s NPB. Miniinvazivní chirurgie, resp. laparoskopické řešení vybraných NPB u těhotných představuje v současnosti již standardní operační techniku. Mnohé z obecných výhod laparoskopického přístupu (nižší riziko infekcí a dehiscencí operačních ran, rychlejší rekonvalescence atd.) se uplatňují i u gravidních pacientek. Závěr: Náhlé příhody břišní v těhotenství je nutné řešit v rámci multidisciplinární spolupráce mezi chirurgem, gynekologem, anesteziologem a neonatologem. S ohledem na dostupné výsledky publikovaných studií je laparoskopické řešení NPB u těhotných pacientek považováno za bezpečné a efektivní.- Introduction: Acute abdomen during pregnancy presents very specific problem on the boundary of surgery and gynaecology. Although gynaecologists provide healthcare to pregnant women, surgery indication because of acute abdomen during pregnancy should be done by surgeon (who has usually little knowledge and experience regarding pregnant women examination and management). There is therefore real opportunity for possible mistakes origin with serious consequences for mother and foetus. Methods: Literature search in PubMed was done aimed at studies within the last 10 years dealing with appendectomy, cholecystectomy and laparoscopy during pregnancy in the context of acute abdomen. Surgical interventions done from obstetrics indications were excluded. Results: Pregnancy is associated with many anatomical and physiological changes which have to be considered not only during clinical examination, but also when analysing laboratory findings and considering operative tactics. Imaging modalities employment during pregnancy is very limited due to harmful effect of ionising radiation and not clear impact of strong magnetic field on the foetus. Timing of surgical interventions because of acute abdomen during pregnancy should be the same as timing of acute abdomen interventions in non-pregnant patients. Minimally invasive surgery in acute abdomen during pregnancy presents standard technique nowadays. Many advantages of laparoscopic approach (lower rate of surgical site infections, quicker convalescence etc.) are valid also during pregnancy. Conclusion: Acute abdomen during pregnancy should be managed within a multidisciplinary cooperation between gynaecologist, surgeon, anaesthesiologist and neonatologist. With respect to results of published studies, laparoscopic approach in the management of acute abdomen during pregnancy should be considered safe and effective.- P. Zonča, P. Ihnát, M. Peteja- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by ...Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: National Medical Library/Národní lékařská knihovna - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Hana Belošovičová, Pavel Calda- ...All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
‘Oblica’ je s pravom smatrana vodećom domaćom sortom masline, s obzirom na to da je zastupljena u gotovo svim maslinarskim područjima Republike Hrvatske. Prema dosadašnjim iskustvima i ...istraživanjima, ‘Oblica’ je vrlo vrijedna domaća sorta - kako u proizvodnji ekstra djevičanskog ulja tako i za konzerviranje. Unutar njezine populacije postoji velika varijabilnost među fenotipovima pa je od posebnog interesa pronaći fenotipove koji se odlikuju krupnijim plodovima, redovitom rodnošću te kasnijim ili ranijim dozrijevanjem u odnosu na standardni fenotip te sorte. Na lokalitetu Kaštel Stari izdvojena su u istom masliniku uz standardnu ‘Oblicu’ još tri do sada neistražena fenotipa ‘Oblice’ koji se na osnovi vizualnog praćenja razlikuju po morfološkim svojstvima i vremenu dozrijevanja ploda. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi morfološke razlike među ovim trima izdvojenim fenotipovima kao i njihove razlike u odnosu na fenotip standardne ‘Oblice’. Jednogodišnji rezultati istraživanja morfoloških svojstava plodova, koštica i listova potvrdili su postojanje statistički značajnih razlika između tri istraživana fenotipa i standardne ‘Oblice’. Sva tri istraživana fenotipa ‘Oblice’ imaju krupnije plodove u odnosu na standardnu ‘Oblicu’. Također je identificiran fenotip s najkrupnijim plodom i fenotip s najužim listom.
U uvjetima Ulcinjskog polja u razdoblju od 1987. do 1991. istraživani su intezotet rasta jednogodišnjih izdanaka masline I rast ploda sorte Picholine. U vezi s time praćena je dinamika (N,P,K,Ca I ...Mg) u lišću I plodovima u razdoblju od sredine srpnja do sredine listopada. Rezultati su pokazali da je stanje hraniva u vrijeme vegetacije bilo u rasponu optimalnih vrijednosti za maslinu. Dinamika opadanja u razdoblju vegetacije bila je za N (od 2,22% do 1,33%). Dinamika neznatnog povećanja pokazala se u K (1,15% do 1,32%), Ca (0,91% do 1,33%) I Mg (0,17% do 0,21%) dok je P imao relativno stabilan sadržaj u lišću masline (0,19%). Stanje hraniva u plodu pokazalo je različite tendencije. Dinamiku opadanja pokazali su N (0,82 do 0,59%), Ca (260 do 229 ppm) I Mg (228 do 191 ppm). Lagano povećanje pokazali su P (0,13 do 0,15%) i K (1,44 do 1,51%).
