Saitama Medical School offers practical training in physiology to second-year medical students. Due to the increase in COVID-19 infections, one of the courses, “Nerve Excitation and Conduction” was ...conducted as remote practical training in 2021. The remote practical training was conducted with the same content as face-to-face practical training. In this course, students watched experimental videos. then they used Zoom and Google Slides to analyze and discuss the reconstructed data which they had obtained the previous year. As a result, the remote practical training provided a uniform training opportunity unlike the face-to-face practical training. Thus, we believe that the learning effectiveness of remote practical training was sufficient, although some improvements are needed. Educational content for fully online practical training is highly useful.
Resumen: Introducción: el hospital en España se transformó desde una institución benéfica, orientada a los enfermos pobres donde la ineficacia terapéutica y la muerte eran reinantes, hacia una ...institución científica (asistencial, docente e investigadora) en un proceso histórico de larga duración. Este nuevo concepto de hospital, vinculado al nacimiento de la clínica siguiendo las teorías de Foucault y Ackerknecht y al desarrollo de las instituciones hospitalarias como espacio de medicalización, acabó consolidando la idea de que el hospital era el lugar idóneo para poder llevar a cabo el ideal médico ligado a la nueva manera de formar al personal sanitario. Metodología: el artículo analiza los factores históricos que llevaron durante los siglos XVIII, XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX a la llegada de un hospital a España más avanzado y racional, es decir, a la consolidación de una nueva concepción del hospital como institución científica donde la enseñanza de la medicina se convirtió en uno de sus objetivos principales. Resultados: el desarrollo histórico del caso español tuvo sus propias particularidades y ritmos, presentando un visible retraso respecto a otros países europeos y de América del Norte en su integración al movimiento contemporáneo de reforma hospitalaria. Conclusiones: en España finalmente el proceso de modernización hospitalaria y de reforma de la educación médica no tuvo lugar de forma sistemática hasta los años 70 del siglo XX. En este estudio se analizan los antecedentes y el despliegue de este proceso desde el siglo XVIII hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Abstract: Introduction: In Spain, hospital underwent a long and tortuous transformation from a charitable establishment aimed at the poor where the therapeutic inefficiency and death reigned, into a scientific institution with the following functions: healthcare, teaching and research. This new conception of hospital, linked to the birth of the clinic (to follow the analyses by Foucault and Ackerknecht) and to the development of hospitals as spaces of medicalization, led to the consolidation of the idea that hospital was the right place to enact the ideal of a physician based on the new way of training of medical professionals. Methods: The article identifies historical factors that, in the period ranging from the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century, led to the emergence of modern, rationalized hospital in Spain and to the consolidation of the new conception of hospital as a scientific institution, in which medical training was one of the main aims. Results: The Spanish case shows a number of specific patterns. First and foremost, the hospital reform emerged and consolidated later than in many countries in Europe and North America. Conclusions: In Spain, the process of reform and modernization of hospitals and of medical training did not occur systematically until the 1960s. This article focuses on the precedents and on the first stages of the process in the period from the end of the eighteenth- to the early twentieth century.
Collaborations between practicing pharmacists and practitioner faculty members at a host institution is desirable for the development of practical training. At the Institute of Medical Research ...Kitano Hospital (hereafter referred to as “our hospital”), practitioner faculty members have been involved in the work of the pharmacy department once a week since 2015 as well as in the teaching of practicum students. Practical interns are encouraged to experience eight typical diseases. In our hospital, the pharmacist in charge of the ward conducts practical training as a prescription analysis exercise by examinations of prescriptions and electronic medical records during the first half of practical training. Practical training students have praised the program because it provides the opportunity to gain experience of monitoring that is only performed at a hospital. On the other hand, to consider drug therapy from a pharmacological point of view, it is desirable to write medical records in the SOAP format. The hospital also conducts SOAP exercises with the participation of practitioner faculty members. In a questionnaire survey, all trainees responded that “the way of thinking about pharmacotherapy has changed”. Cooperation between the medical field and university must be strengthened for the further development of practical training.
Collaborations between practicing pharmacists and practitioner faculty members at a host institution is desirable for the development of practical training. At the Institute of Medical Research ...Kitano Hospital (hereafter referred to as “our hospital”), practitioner faculty members have been involved in the work of the pharmacy department once a week since 2015 as well as in the teaching of practicum students. Practical interns are encouraged to experience eight typical diseases. In our hospital, the pharmacist in charge of the ward conducts practical training as a prescription analysis exercise by examinations of prescriptions and electronic medical records during the first half of practical training. Practical training students have praised the program because it provides the opportunity to gain experience of monitoring that is only performed at a hospital. On the other hand, to consider drug therapy from a pharmacological point of view, it is desirable to write medical records in the SOAP format. The hospital also conducts SOAP exercises with the participation of practitioner faculty members. In a questionnaire survey, all trainees responded that “the way of thinking about pharmacotherapy has changed”. Cooperation between the medical field and university must be strengthened for the further development of practical training.
This paper presents the development of SmartDrive package to achieve the application of energy-efficient driving strategy. The results are from collaboration between Ricardo Rail and the Birmingham ...Centre for Railway Research and Education (BCRRE). Advanced tram and train trajectory optimization techniques developed by BCRRE as part of the UKTRAM More Energy Efficiency Tram project have been now incorporated in Ricardo's SmartDrive product offering. The train trajectory optimization method, associated driver training and awareness package (SmartDrive) has been developed for use on tram, metro, and some heavy rail systems. A simulator was designed that can simulate the movement of railway vehicles and calculate the detailed power system energy consumption with different train trajectories when implemented on a typical AC or DC powered route. The energy evaluation results from the simulator will provide several potential energy-saving solutions for the existing route. An enhanced Brute Force algorithm was developed to achieve the optimization quickly and efficiently. Analysis of the results showed that by implementing an optimal speed trajectory, the energy usage in the network can be significantly reduced. A driver practical training system and the optimized lineside driving control signage, based on the optimized trajectory were developed for testing. This system instructed drivers to maximize coasting in segregated sections of the network and to match optimal speed limits in busier street sections. The field trials and real daily operations in the Edinburgh Tram Line, U.K., have shown that energy savings of 10%-20% are achievable.
The practical training program at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital was gradually revised to train clinical pharmacists. Our program focuses on the deep learning of those in the pharmacist ...profession alongside other medical staff through case conferences. A pharmacist resident guides the student as a preceptor, and the resident is supported by a pharmacist with a few years of experience as a mentor. A certified practitioner provides overall guidance. The Yanegawara-style educational system deepens the understanding of diseases and pharmacotherapy. In order to train pharmacists who can demonstrate higher levels of clinical performance, a seamless integration between practical training and post-graduate clinical pharmacy practice is desired.
This anthology presents successful examples of "research work" by teacher education students. Seminar concepts from the fields of natural sciences, music, educational science, mathematics and art, ...applied social psychology and the subject of German are presented. The volume is framed by a comprehensive theoretical introduction to the concept of research-based learning and its implementation at Leuphana University Lüneburg.
In diesem Sammelband werden gelungene Beispiele von „Forschungsarbeiten“ von Studierenden der Lehrkräftebildung dargestellt. Dazu werden Seminarkonzepte aus den Bereichen Naturwissenschaften, Musik, Bildungswissenschaft, Mathematik und Kunst, der angewandten Sozialpsychologie sowie dem Unterrichtsfach Deutsch vorgestellt. Gerahmt wird der Band durch eine umfangreiche theoretische Einführung in das Konzept des forschenden Lernens und seiner Umsetzung an der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
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