U ovome ćemo radu nastojati opisati
umetnute nerestriktivne
relativne rečenice
kao tipične parentetičke strukture. Opis će podrazumijevati
njihovu sintaksičku i semantičku interpretaciju, ali i ...naznake o njihovoj
pragmatičkoj ulozi i zasnivat će se na analizi primjera pronađenih u korpusu
tekstova koji pripadaju različitim stilovima bosanskoga jezika. Rad je podijeljen
u tri dijela. U prvom ćemo dijelu definirati parentetike i dati pregled
dosadašnjih pristupa u analiziranju te pojave. U drugome dijelu rada fokusirat
ćemo se na definiranje i analizu
umetnutih nerestriktivnih relativnih rečenica
,
a u trećem će se dijelu izdvojiti najznačajnija zapažanja.
In this paper, we will seek to describe inserted non-restrictive relative sentences as typical parenthetical structures. The description will include their syntactic and semantic interpretation, as well as indications about their pragmatic role, and will be based on an analysis of examples found in a corpus of texts belonging to different styles of Bosnian language. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, we will define parentheticals and give an overview of the approaches taken so far in analyzing this phenomenon. In the second part of the paper, we will focus on defining and analyzing the inserted non-restrictive relative sentences, and in the third part, we will highlight the most significant observations.
Prispevek se ukvarja s problematiko označevanja dialoških dejanj v korpusih. Obstoječe generične sheme dialoških dejanj kažejo vrsto pomanjkljivosti, zato so v príspevku primarne kategorije dialoških ...dejanj definirane na novo ter evalvirane z označevanjem testnega gradiva, ki sta ga izvedla neodvisna označevalca. Rezultati potrdijo ustreznost definicij za empirično rabo, pokažejo pa tudi dvoumne in mejne rabe, ki jih je treba nasloviti v prihodnje.1
Pragmatika i leksikografija Karlić, Virna; Bago, Petra
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
2020, Volume:
46, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu se analiziraju leksikografski opisi deiktičkih izraza u suvremenim jednojezičnim rječnicima hrvatskoga jezika. Posebna pozornost posvećena je deikticima „na granici punoznačnosti” (Kordić ...2002) – skupini leksema čiji opis leksikografima predstavlja poseban izazov jer se njihovo puno značenje/referent uspostavlja tek u kontekstu realizacije konkretnoga iskaza. Rad je podijeljen u tri dijela. Uvodno poglavlje posvećeno je definiciji, obilježjima i vrstama deikse, dok se u središnjemu dijelu rada analiziraju primjeri rječničkih definicija osobnih (
ja
), društvenih (
ti/Vi
), mjesnih (
ovdje
), vremenskih (
sada
) i diskursnih (
sada
i
ovdje
) deiktika iz triju hrvatskih jednojezičnika (
Hrvatski jezični portal
,
Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika
Vladimira Anića te
Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga standardnog jezika
skupine autora). U završnome se poglavlju iznose zaključci provedene analize te se ukazuje na prednosti primjene (korpusne) pragmatike u leksikografiji.
The paper deals with the problem of the lexicographic description of deictic expressions in contemporary monolingual dictionaries of the Croatian language. The term “deixis” refers to a group of language units that indicate elements of situational and/or discourse context in the utterance ̶such as participants, time, and place of the speech event (Lyons 1977). Deictic expressions belong to a group of lexemes that are especially challenging for lexicographers because their full meaning or referent is established or identified only within the specific speech event. For these reasons, the characteristics of deixis are a constant reminder of the fact that natural languages were primarily designed for use in face-to-face interaction, and that a language can only be analyzed to a certain extent without taking into account these facts (Levinson 1983). In this paper, we conduct an analysis of the definitions of meanings and descriptions of the functions of deictic expressions in Croatian lexicography based on selected representative examples of personal, temporal, spatial, discourse, and social deixis. We identify the shortcomings of the selected dictionaries and suggest possible solutions to the identified problems by applying the methods of corpus pragmatics.
Sheme za označevanje dialoških dejanj v govornih korpusih so v svojo zasnovo vključevale teorijo govornih dejanj, vendar jo vsaka po svoje prilagajale in razširjale. Posledica tega je, da pogosto ...nesistematično mešajo različne vrste oznak. Cilj prispevka je raziskati, katere vrste pragmatičnega pomena označujejo različne sheme in na kakšne probleme v zvezi s tem naletimo v praksi, hkrati s tem pa ponovno preučiti, kaj vse delamo v diskurzu.
Although there is no shortage of definitions for pragmatics the received wisdom is that 'pragmatics' simply cannot be coherently defined. In this groundbreaking book Mira Ariel challenges the ...prominent definitions of pragmatics, as well as the widely-held assumption that specific topics – implicatures, deixis, speech acts, politeness – naturally and uniformly belong on the pragmatics turf. She reconstitutes the field, defining grammar as a set of conventional codes, and pragmatics as a set of inferences, rationally derived. The book applies this division of labor between codes and inferences to many classical pragmatic phenomena, and even to phenomena considered 'beyond pragmatics'. Surprisingly, although some of these turn out pragmatic, others actually turn out grammatical. Additional intriguing questions addressed in the book include: why is it sometimes difficult to distinguish grammar from pragmatics? Why is there no grand design behind grammar nor behind pragmatics? Are all extragrammatical phenomena pragmatic?
Članek se osredotoča na dvoimenske priredne zveze z veznikom in, kjer se pojavljata samostalnika ženskega in moškega spola, ki označujeta osebe. V članku poskušamo osvetliti kompleksnost dejavnikov, ...ki vplivajo na besedni red v omenjenih zvezah.
Cilj je rada propitati tradicionalnu definiciju laži. U radu ne pružam vlastitu definiciju te pojave, ali pokušavam pokazati da je tradicionalna definicija laži, po kojoj je za laganje nužno ...iskazivanje neistinitih tvrdnji, neadekvatna. Kako bih to učinila, u prvom dijelu predstavljam teoriju Herberta Paula Gricea o razgovornim implikaturama, čije su hotimično neistinite inačice izrijekom isključene iz tradicionalne definicije. U nastavku, pozivajući se na teoriju o zadanim značenjima, odbacujem rašireni stav da se govornik uvijek može ograditi od pragmatički prenesene poruke. Potom, predstavljam standardnu definiciju laži i sagledavam koju ulogu u njoj imaju govornikova namjera i slušateljeva odgovornost. U drugom dijelu, dotadašnje uvide primjenjujem na Shakespeareovu tragediju Otelo. Nakon kratkog predstavljanja odnosa između Otela i Jaga, razlažem tri dramska primjera onoga što smatram lažima ostvarenima razgovornom implikaturom. Takva analiza ima dvojaku ulogu. Prva joj je zadaća pokazati nedostatnost tradicionalne definicije laži kroz tvrdnju da Jago, iako ne izgovara neistine, laže. Druga je zadaća ukazivanje na ograničeni doseg mogućnosti poništavanja pragmatički prenesene poruke; Jagove pragmatičke poruke toliko su snažne da se, iako to pokušava učiniti, od njih ne uspijeva ograditi.
This paper aims to question the traditional definition of lying. I do not present my definition of this phenomenon. Instead, I try to show that the traditional definition – to lie one must utter a false claim – is inadequate. To do that, in the first part of the paper, I present Herbert Paul Grice’s theory of conversational implicatures, which are explicitly excluded from the traditional definition. Next, relying on the theory of default meanings, I reject the widespread idea that the speaker can always distance themselves from a pragmatically conveyed message. Then I present the traditional definition of lying and the role that the intention of the speaker and the responsibility of the hearer play in it. In the second part, I apply the insights gathered by that point to Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello. After a brief presentation of the relation between Othello and Iago, I present three examples of dialogues from the play that I consider to be the cases of lying accomplished with conversational implicatures. This kind of analysis has a dual role. The first one is to show the inadequacy of the traditional definition of lying. Even though Iago does not utter a single false claim, he is lying. The second one to point to the limited scope of the possibility of denying a pragmatically conveyed message. Iago’s pragmatic messages are so strong that he cannot distance himself from them, even when he tries to.
Rad se
bavi leksikografskom obradom pragmatičkih informacija u suvremenim hrvatskim
dvojezičnim tiskanim rječnicima dvaju slavenskih (makedonski, ruski) te dvaju
germanskih jezika (engleski, ...njemački) s hrvatskim kao polaznim jezikom. Uvodna
poglavlja rada posvećena su definiciji pojma
pragmatičke informacije
te
utvrđivanju načina i sredstava njihova prezentiranja u rječnicima. Središnji
dio rada posvećen je analizi primjera leksikografskih opisa pragmatičkih
informacija na makrorazini i mikrorazini izabranih rječnika, dok se u završnom
dijelu rada raspravlja o mogućnostima unapređivanja njihove leksikografske
obrade.
The paper deals with lexicographic processing of pragmatic information (PI) in contemporary Croatian bilingual printed dictionaries of two Slavic and two Germanic languages with Croatian as the starting language (Croatian‒Macedonian/Russian/English/German dictionary). The introductory part of the paper deals with the definition of PI and the lexicographic ways and means of their presentation. The central part of the paper analyzes the examples of PI descriptions from the selected bilingual dictionaries, while the final chapter discusses the methodology for studying the pragmatic features of lexemes, the possibilities of enhancing lexicographic processing of PI in future, and the importance of such information for dictionary users.
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