The overall development of private enterprises in Dalian operates well. Especially, after the “opinions on creating a better development environment to support the reform and development of private ...enterprises” issued by the State Council, more and more private enterprises were encouraged to reform, financing and list according to the relevant policy. In this paper, we described the development status of private enterprises in Dalian, following with development and challenges of private enterprises, and eventually proposed the development strategies for them. The informative study provide the effective data and opinions on healthy developments of private enterprises in Dalian.
Political ties and managerial cognitive biases, specifically overconfidence, have been identified as affecting firm-level R&D processes and outcomes. Here we further conceptually and empirically ...explore how these two factors may influence R&D intensity in an emerging market context. Our empirical results, based on panel data from 1293 Chinese publicly listed firms (between 2010 and 2014) show, contrary to some previous research, that stronger formal political ties somewhat reduce firm-level R&D intensity. Greater overconfidence in managers, by contrast, increases R&D intensity. Interestingly, moreover, overconfidence positively moderates the relationship between political ties and R&D intensity to the extent that the weak negative relationship becomes positive in the presence of overconfidence. Our results highlight the role of managerial mindset as an important determinant of R&D intensity in the emerging market context.
•We explore drivers of innovation intensity in an emerging market context, China.•Political ties by themselves lead to lower innovation intensity.•Managerial cognitive bias, however, is a driver of innovation intensity in China.•It moderates, moreover, the relationship between political ties and R&D intensity.•This is likely because it leads to qualitatively different, explorative innovation.
The decarbonisation of energy systems is leading to a reconfiguration of the geographies of energy. One example is the emergence of community energy, which has become a popular object of study for ...geographers. Although widely acknowledged to be a contested, capacious, and flexible term, “community energy” is commonly presented as singular, bounded, and localised. In this paper, we challenge this conception of community energy by considering evidence about the role and influence of three categories of actors: community, state, and private sector. We demonstrate how community energy projects are unavoidably entangled with a diversity of actors and institutions operating at and across multiple scales. We therefore argue that community energy is enabled and constituted by trans‐scalar assemblages of overlapping actors, which demands multi‐sectoral participation and coordination. We point to the need for further academic attention on the boundaries between these actors to better understand the role of different intermediary practices and relationships in facilitating the development of decentralised energy systems with just outcomes.
This paper examines the role of affiliation with the ruling Communist Party in the operation of private enterprises in China. Using a nationwide survey of private firms, we find that the Party ...membership of private entrepreneurs has a positive effect on the performance of their firms when human capital and other relevant variables are controlled. We further find that Party membership helps private entrepreneurs to obtain loans from banks or other state institutions, and affords them more confidence in the legal system. Finally, we find Party membership to be more important to firm performance in regions with weaker market institutions and weaker legal protection.
The Indian Space Activities Bill of 2017 (SAB 2017) seeks to promote exploration and growth of space activities in India. The Government of India solicited feedback on SAB 2017 from stakeholders and ...the public. As it is yet to become law, there is a need to examine SAB 2017 to better understand its proposed pathways to promote space activities effectively. For this purpose, a comprehensive ontological framework of space policy and law based on the extant research and policy literature on the topic is presented. It is a systemic framework, which helps in identifying gaps and recommending pathways for regulating space activities. In this article, the application of an ontological framework is put forward by assessing SAB 2017. The SAB 2017 is assessed by mapping its 31 sections onto the ontology and analyzing the data to highlight the bill's emphases on the elements, dimensions, and themes encapsulated in the ontology. Lastly, recommendations to bridge the gaps in SAB 2017 for promoting an effective and systematic growth of India's space activities are advanced.
We develop the idea that an emerging economy firm can develop institutional capabilities at home that can be transferred to institutionally proximate emerging economies. Drawing upon the ...organizational capabilities, internationalization process, and institutional work literatures, we define institutional capabilities as heuristics, skills, and routines that facilitate the execution of institutional strategies in host countries. Since institutional capabilities gestate over a long period of time, we narrate a longitudinal case study of a property developer operating at the blurred boundaries between state and private enterprise in two Southeast Asian countries.web URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com
How do entrepreneurs fill institutional voids that prevail in emerging markets? By incorporating insights from both the political and family embeddedness perspectives, we argue that both political ...ties and family ties can compensate for gaps in the institutional infrastructure of emerging markets. Specifically, we propose and examine the partial substitutability of family ties for political ties as a means of filling institutional voids. Our empirical work based on Chinese private enterprises strongly supports this argument. We also find that the effective utilization of family ties is contingent on both family members’ motivation (willingness to use resources for the firm) and entrepreneurs’ mobilization (authority in the family to mobilize family members). This study bridges the literature on political ties and family ties to understand their respective costs and benefits and therefore advances our understanding of entrepreneurs’ networking strategies in emerging markets.
The introduction of state-owned capital into private enterprises is an important form of mixed-ownership reform, but it is often labeled as ‘state advancement and private retreat’ or ‘retrogression ...in reform’ in China. Based on the sample of listed private manufacturers, we find the introduction of state-owned capital can significantly improve trade credit of private enterprises. Due to the complementary advantages, private enterprises benefit from state-owned capital by getting more trade credit. Moreover, we find there will be a profound impact only in the regions with high degrees of marketization. An important policy implication is that we should continue to promote market-oriented reforms and focus on encouraging state-owned capital to enter private enterprises in high marketization regions.
This study formulates a new model of mixed oligopolies in free entry markets. A state-owned public enterprise is established before the game, private enterprises enter the market, and then the ...government chooses the degree of privatization of the public enterprise (termed the entry-then-privatization model herein). We find that under general demand and cost functions, the timing of privatization does not affect consumer surplus or the output of each private firm, while it does affect the equilibrium degree of privatization, number of entering firms, and output of the public firm. The equilibrium degree of privatization is too high (low) for both domestic and world welfare if private firms are domestic (foreign).
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