Abstract The earlier starting age for learning English is apparent in the non‐Anglophone world. However, in China, kindergartens are banned from delivering subjects that are designated for primary ...school level, including English language lessons, as part of reforms to eliminate “schoolification” of preschool education. This qualitative study takes a multi‐level approach to language‐in‐education planning to explore how local education authorities and different types of kindergartens in the city of Hefei, China, interpret and respond to this macro‐level policy. The findings reveal a disparity between officials and school participants in their attitudes toward preschool English language education, as well as divergence between public and private kindergartens in their current English provision. The study probes these disparities and their links to the interplay between the meso‐level local education authority and the different types of kindergartens, as well as the relationship between the government and the market.
摘要 在非英语国家, 英语学习的低龄化趋势愈发明显。然而, 在“去小学化”政策的要求下, 英语作为小学科目被禁止在中国幼儿园教学。本定性研究采用多层级语言教育规划框架, 主要探讨地方教育局及不同类型幼儿园对这一政策的认识和回应。研究结果表明, 教育局工作人员和学校相关利益者对学前英语教育呈不同态度, 公办和民办幼儿园对这一政策的回应也存在差异。据此, 本研究深入讨论了地方教育局和不同类型幼儿园之间的相互作用, 以及政府与市场二元关系对中国学前英语教育的影响。
The Early Childhood Education Quality (ECEQ) initiative is a pioneering approach toward supporting ongoing, self-organized professional development in the private kindergarten sector in Japan. The ...purpose of this study is to examine how kindergarten teachers and ECEQ coordinators experience this approach and view the ECEQ process. Online questionnaires were distributed to the teachers of 20 kindergartens that implemented the ECEQ for the first time in 2019 and to the ECEQ coordinators who supported them. The answers from 126 classroom teachers and 15 ECEQ main coordinators were analysed. Results indicate that: (1) almost all kindergarten teachers found the ECEQ experience meaningful; (2) teachers were resistant to holding open classes (work shadowing by colleagues from other kindergartens), but they nevertheless recognized the benefits; (3) teachers reported that the ECEQ enabled them to think about ECEC practices based on the children's perspectives; and (4) teachers reported that the ECEQ coordinators were supportive in terms of including teachers' ideas; however, they also felt that the ECEQ coordinators did not provide enough backing for autonomous meetings and in-house workshops after the ECEQ process had been completed. These results indicate both the strengths and difficulties associated with transforming the ECEQ into a system for supporting self-organized professional development.
Among 10,000 Japanese kindergartens, nearly 70% are operated privately. Since many private kindergartens are multigenerational, family-run businesses, management is the primary role of the director. ...Therefore, the head teacher is likely to be responsible for improving the quality of all practices at each institution. The purpose of this study was to examine how head teachers at Japanese private kindergartens interpret their roles as leaders. We interviewed eight head teachers from eight private kindergartens. The interview data were analyzed through M-GTA (Kinoshita, 2003). Leadership roles were divided into 25 concepts, nine categories and three core categories. The head teachers regarded the following as leaders’ roles: connecting directors and staff members (e.g., transferring information between them), and bringing staff members together by coordinating curricula, giving advice, and providing care and support. At the same time, they experienced the dilemma of feeling of being caught between the two roles.
본 연구에서는 사립유치원의 K-에듀파인 시스템 도입과 집행과정을 집행기관과 이해관계자 간의 네트워크와 관계를 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 상향적 정책집행 연구의 관점을 취하는 한편, 사례 분석을 위해 다양한 공공 및 민간부문 행위자의 네트워크를 기반으로 하는 협력적 거버넌스 모형의 과정적 요소를 검토하였다. 보다 구체적으로 정책집행의 맥락조건 ...파악, 촉진적 리더십, 네트워크 형성, 협력 노력의 4개 요소로 구분하여 경상북도 지역의 사립유치원 K-에듀파인 도입의 성공요인을 탐색하였다. 1차 자료 수집을 위해 경북교육청 및 교육지원청 담당자, 멘토, 대표강사, 사립유치원 및 사립유치원연합회 관계자, 한국교육학술정보원 사립유치원 K-에듀파인 전문가를 대상으로 심층 면담을 실시하였다. 분석결과 K-에듀파인의 도입 과정에서 교육청과 이해관계자가 참여한 업무협의체의 제도적 설계, 촉진적 리더십과 중간성과가 상호신뢰를 강화하였으며, 이러한 요소가 정책 도입과 집행에 기여한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 장기적으로는 사립유치원 유아교육의 투명성, 책무성, 효율성 향상을 위해 사립유치원이 주축이 된 회계교육과 대표강사 및 멘토단 등 사립유치원 자체지원단을 구성·확대할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.
This study examines the adoption and implementation process of the K-Edufine system in private kindergartens, focusing on the network and relationship between the government and stakeholders. While taking the perspective of upward policy implementation research, we incorporated the elements of collaborative governance models to build a framework for the case study. More specifically, the success factors consist of four elements of policy implementation―contextual conditions, leadership, network management, and collaborative efforts. In order to collect primary data, we conducted in-depth interviews with public officials, representatives of stakeholder groups, and education experts. Results found that among collaborative factors, the institutional design of the network, facilitated leadership, and intermediate performance strengthened the mutual trust of the participants, which contributed to the adoption and implementation of K-Edufine. In the long run, it suggests that private kindergarten-led accounting education and training programs and self-support groups can enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in private kindergarten education operations.
The purpose of this study was 2-fold: to validate the Private Kindergarten Teachers' Intention of Remaining (PKTIR) Questionnaire and the Factors of Teachers' Intention of Remaining (FTIR) ...Questionnaire, and to comparative study to explore the effects of organizational and individual psychological factors in China. A total of 22 experts were recruited to modify and validate both questionnaires. The results showed that both questionnaires had instruments that are reliable and valid. Then, a total of 582 kindergarten teachers were recruited to explore the comparison between the effects of organizational and individual psychological factors. The results from the structural equation model suggested that the influence of individual psychological factors on kindergarten teachers' intention of remaining was greater compared to the organizational factors. Second, among all the factors, the most explanatory are work connections, sense of work gained from it, satisfaction with the salary, and work discard. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study to explore the effects of organizational and individual psychological factors in China.
In China-Mainland, the turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers remains high for a long time. With 692 Chinese private kindergarten teachers as subjects, we applied a questionnaire survey to ...examine the relationship between self-occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention and the underlying mechanisms. The structured equation model (SCM) was conducted to analyze data and revealed a significantly positive correlation between self-occupation stereotypes and turnover intention. Further analyses showed that on the individual level, personal control sense mediated the relationship between self-occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, and on the organization level, professional identity mediated the relationship between them. Additionally, self-occupation stereotypes were also related to turnover intention via the chain-mediating role of personal control sense and professional identity. The current research firstly clarified the acting paths between self-occupation stereotypes of private kindergarten teachers and turnover intention on both the individual and the organization levels. In practice, the research provided a novel perspective for policy makers to alleviate the turnover tendency of private kindergarten teachers.
almond Auran konepaja O.Y
valmistusaika 1930 n
Image
Open access
Physical description: A hand-operated almond, a model standing on the floor. Light green painted frame of cast iron. Under the feet, wheels. Three rollers/logs and an auxiliary table in wood on one ...side. Rolls are rotated from a cast-iron wheel on the side with a crank.
Wooden handgrip in Kamme. The spring and its tension screw in the middle under the rollers.
fyysinen kuvaus: Käsikäyttöinen mankeli, lattialla seisova malli. Vaaleanvihreäksi maalattu runko valurautaa. Jalkojen alla pyörät. Kolme telaa/tukkia ja toisella puolella oleva apupöytä puuta. Teloja pyöritetään sivulla olevasta valurautapyörästä, jossa kampi.
Kammessa puinen kädensija. Jousi ja sen kiristysruuvi keskellä telojen alla.
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