Pilots' psychological readiness is one of the most important factors in maintaining flight safety. The aim of this study was to develop positive and negative individual factors affecting the ...psychological preparation of airline pilots. The research was conducted qualitatively. The study population was all pilots of an airline in Tehran in 1398. The sample was 10 pilots who were selected by purposive method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. This process continued until theoretical saturation was obtained in response to interview questions. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of two categories of positive and negative individual factors affecting the psychological readiness of pilots. In the category of negative factors affecting the psychological readiness of pilots; Physical and personality weakness, weakness in personal management, economic and occupational concerns, and unprofessional behavior were identified. In the category of positive factors affecting the mental readiness of pilots; Physical and personality empowerment, individual and organizational beliefs, positive attitude towards work and life, job planning, application of skills and personal management facilities were extracted. This study showed that two categories of positive and negative individual factors are among the most important issues in the psychological preparation of pilots that should be considered.
Athletes' success in sports is linked not only to good physical, technical and tactical preparedness, but also to psychological fitness. In sports psychology there are two basic types of ...psychological preparation, namely general psychological preparation and special psychological preparation. Just as comprehensive physical preparation is the basis for an athlete's special, technical, tactical fitness, so comprehensive psychological preparation is the basis for an athlete's mental toughness both during the training and competing. Regardless of the stressors, the athletes with higher levels of mental toughness can overcome more easily the negative effects of stress. In order to gain mental toughness skills, it is necessary to develop basic psychological skills at the same time as starting sports activities, and this process should continue in parallel with the entire training process. The aim of the study: to explore the intervention benefits of autogenous training (AT) techniques for improving the psychological skills of young women volleyball players. Research method: a survey was employed for obtaining the athletes' feedback. Results: Statistically significant changes were found in the self-assessment of athletes' well-being after autogenous training. The self-assessment results show that athletes reach different AT acquisition levels as the result of a two-month AT intervention: 7.7% of athletes do not have difficulty with AT techniques, for 30.8% AT come easy, but not always, 53.8% of athletes sometimes manage to feel warmth in different parts of the body, relax, concentrate, focus attention on breathing and repetition of the target formulas, but for 7.7% of athletes the acquisition results of AT techniques are poor.
Prehabilitation comprises multidisciplinary healthcare interventions, including exercise, nutritional optimisation, and psychological preparation, which aim to dampen the metabolic response to ...surgery, shorten the period of recovery, reduce complications, and improve the quality of recovery and quality of life. This editorial evaluates the potential benefits and limitations of and barriers to prehabilitation in surgical patients. The results of several randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses on prehabilitation show differing results, and the strength of the evidence is relatively weak. Heterogeneity in patient populations, interventions, and outcome measures, with a wide range for compliance, contribute to this variation. Evidence could be strengthened by the conduct of large-scale, appropriately powered multicentre trials that have unequivocal clinically relevant and patient-centric endpoints. Studies on prehabilitation should concentrate on recruiting patients who are frail and at high risk. Interventions should be multimodal and exercise regimens should be tailored to each patient's ability with longitudinal measurements of impact.
The purpose of this paper is to review the role of psychology within the multidisciplinary preparation process for pediatric patients considering limb lengthening and reconstruction (LLR) and ...establish best practices for a staged preparation workflow. This work is grounded in the collective clinical experience of a well-established LLR team that treats nearly 300 patients considering or undergoing LLR per year.
Preparation of pediatric patients and caregivers/families considering LLR is approached as a multidisciplinary process, spearheaded by the orthopaedic surgeon and accompanied by expert nursing, psychology, and physical therapy/occupational therapy support. Treatment planning and preparation occurs in a staged, developmentally appropriate fashion, guided by the individual patient’s (and family’s) understanding of treatment, goals for treatment, motivation for treatment, physical and emotional readiness for treatment, and demonstrated history of adherence. Particularly for pediatric patients, educational information is provided at an appropriate level, to support the child or adolescent’s sense of autonomy and control over their body. Caregiver and family factors must also be considered, including caregiving support, division of responsibilities within the home, and the logistical feasibility of treatment tasks for the family unit. Additionally, connecting pediatric patients and families with peer supports (i.e., patients who have previously undergone the same or similar treatments) is very beneficial from an expectation setting standpoint and allows patients an opportunity to see what it may be like to incorporate LLR activities into their daily lives. With this approach, treatment progress is dependent upon the individual patient’s and family’s completion of each of these tasks that may take anywhere from weeks to years to complete. While certainly time and labor intensive, this method ensures the appropriateness of a patient and family’s comprehension of, motivation for, and capacity to manage treatment expectations.
(1)Treatment preparation for pediatric patients considering LLR includes a staged, multidisciplinary assessment; this includes assessment by the orthopaedic surgeon, team nurse, psychologist, and physical/occupational therapist.(2)Treatment preparation and timing is guided by the individual patient and family’s demonstrated interest in, motivation for, and capacity to manage treatment.(3)Inadequate understanding of treatment expectations, lack of motivation for treatment, and inappropriate treatment goals are likely to negatively impact a patient’s adherence to treatment tasks, ability to sustain motivation and grit, pain management capability, and overall satisfaction with treatment.
The Marathon runners must have the proper technical preparation to reach excellence and to achieve adequate psychological preparation for the race. Against this background, the current study aims to ...describe the implementation results of a cognitive-behavioral intervention based on psychological skills training for marathon runners.
Fourteen amateur male marathoners with an average age of 30 (
= 5.75) were trained with various emotional and cognitive control techniques to enhance their performance in competition. Various psychological variables, related to the subjects level of perceived stress, and to qualitative characteristics of their thoughts were measured before and after the target marathon race. Results were analyzed through non-parametric tests for two related samples. The Cohen's
effect size for single-group pretest-posttest repeated measures were also performed.
Statistical analysis reveals that, controlling for age and running experience, the intervention decreased significantly the level of perceived stress and the occurrence of negative thoughts before the race, during, and after the race.
Training in cognitive control and relaxation techniques, as part of the psychological skills training could determine the quality of performance of marathon runners.
To apply component network meta-analysis (CNMA) models to an existing Cochrane review of psychological preparation interventions for adults undergoing surgery and to extend the models to account for ...covariates to identify the most effective components for improving postoperative outcomes.
Interventions consisted of between one and four components of psychological preparation: procedural information (P), sensory information (S), behavioral instruction (B), cognitive interventions (C), relaxation (R), and emotion-focused techniques (E). We used CNMA models to assess the effect of each component for three outcomes: length of stay, pain, and negative affect.
We found evidence that the most effective component for reducing length of stay depends on the type of surgery and that R may improve pain. There was insufficient evidence that individual components contributed to the overall reduction in negative affect, but P and S emerged as the most likely beneficial components. Overall, we were unable to identify any one component as the most effective across all three outcomes.
The CNMA method allowed us to address questions about the effects of specific components that could not be answered using standard Cochrane methodology.
Overview of psychological research in the field of sport consistently shows the importance and effectiveness of psychological preparation in improving sports performance. The results of ...investigations of psychological factors and their success in martial arts indicate the most significant psychological skills that one needs to develop and that contribute to success: concentration and focused attention, self-confidence, relaxation, regulation of excitement and tension, control over anxiety, visualization and self-talk. Individual approach to the process of learning the psychological techniques and accommodation to personalized features of athletes have proven to be more effective than a group approach.
(1) Background: Psychological parameters are relevant in the practice of judo. Previous studies have shown that parameters such as anxiety or motivation can have a negative or positive impact on the ...athlete's performance and general well-being, depending on the athlete's perception. This systematic review aimed to summarize the studies examining the influence of various psychological parameters on well-being and performance in judo athletes; (2) Methods: We followed preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We searched the Web of Science database for studies that explained the role of these parameters in elite athletes. Of the 286 articles initially identified, 17 met our eligibility criteria and were included in the review. In total, we analyzed data from 721 judo athletes; (3) Results: The studies found have demonstrated the impact of various psychological parameters during high-level performance and how these parameters can influence and lead an athlete to win or lose a competition. The feelings of tension, anger, anxiety, and nervousness were significantly increased in athletes who were facing defeat, while a decrease in the same segments and an increase in motivation among athletes who were experiencing better performance was observed. Further research under standardized conditions is needed to better understand the effects of these parameters on judo athletes; (4) Conclusions: Considering the athlete's psychological state can affect performance, and it is therefore important to monitor and train these factors.
Beach volleyball is an important team sport in which physical, technical, tactical and psychological/social aspects are fundamental to sporting performance. However, this is the first review to ...analyse scientific production on psychological variables in beach volleyball. This is an integrative review in which a systematic search was carried out in five electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus/EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus and BIREME) until September 2022. The terms used were "beach volleyball" OR "voleibol de praia" OR "vôlei de praia". In addition, the search included research with athletes, acute and chronic outcomes, and studies of various methods (e.g. experimental, observational) involving psychological variables. The initial search identified 652 articles, and after the manual search and application of the inclusion criteria, 18 studies were integrated into a final synthesis. Most of the studies were published between 2011 and 2022 (n= 14; 77.78%). Observational design was the main method used (n= 10; 55.56%). The studies were grouped into nine major topics for synthesis: stress situation, activation levels, concentration, goal orientation and motivation, mental fatigue and performance, anxiety and performance, discouraging environments, relationships between team members, coping strategies. In general, social relationships and self-control appear significant for performance; thus coaches must serve as role models for players and sports psychologists can aid in monitoring psychological variables, team dynamics, and develop psychological skills.
El voley playa es un importante deporte de equipo en el que los aspectos físicos, técnicos, tácticos y psicológicos/sociales son fundamentales para el rendimiento deportivo. Sin embargo, esta es la primera revisión que analiza la producción científica sobre variables psicológicas en voley playa. Se trata de una revisión integradora en la que se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en cinco bases de datos electrónicas (PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus/EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus y BIREME) hasta septiembre de 2022. Los términos utilizados fueron "beach volleyball" OR "voleibol de praia" OR "vôlei de praia". Además, la búsqueda incluyó investigaciones con atletas, intervenciones agudas y crónicas, estudios de diversos métodos (e.g., experimentales, observacionales) que implicaran variables psicológicas. La búsqueda inicial identificó 652 artículos y, después de la búsqueda manual y la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión, 18 estudios se integraron en una síntesis final. La mayoría de los estudios fueron publicados entre 2011 y 2022 (n= 14; 77,78%). El diseño observacional fue el principal método utilizado (n= 10; 55,56%). Los estudios se agruparon en nueve grandes temas para la síntesis: situación de estrés, niveles de activación, concentración, orientación a objetivos y motivación, fatiga mental y rendimiento, ansiedad y rendimiento, entornos desalentadores, relaciones entre los miembros del equipo, estrategias de afrontamiento. Las relaciones sociales y el autocontrol parecen ser importantes para el rendimiento, por lo que los entrenadores deben comportarse como modelos para los deportistas. Además, los psicólogos deportivos pueden ayudar a controlar las variables psicológicas, la dinámica del equipo y a desarrollar habilidades psicológicas.
O voleibol de praia é um importante esporte coletivo em que aspectos físicos, técnicos, táticos e psicológicos/sociais são fundamentais para o desempenho esportivo. No entanto, esta é a primeira revisão que teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre variáveis psicológicas no voleibol de praia. Essa é uma revisão integrativa em que foi realizada uma busca em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed/MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus/EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus e BIREME) até setembro de 2022, de forma sistemática. Os temos usados foram “beach volleyball” OU “voleibol de praia” OU “vôlei de praia”. Além disso, foram incluídos nessa busca pesquisas com atletas, intervenções agudas e crônicas, estudos de vários métodos (e.g., experimental, observacional) que envolviam variáveis psicológicas. A busca inicial identificou 652 artigos, após a busca manual e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, 18 estudos foram integrados a uma síntese final. A maioria dos estudos foi publicada entre 2011 e 2022 (n= 14; 77,78%). O desenho observacional foi o principal método utilizado (n= 10; 55,56%). Os estudos foram agrupados em nove grandes tópicos para síntese: situação de estresse, níveis de ativação, concentração, orientação para metas e motivação, fadiga mental e desempenho, ansiedade e desempenho, ambientes desanimadores, relacionamento entre as partes da equipe, estratégias de enfrentamento. As relações sociais e o autocontrole parecem importantes para o desempenho, portanto treinadores devem se comporta como modelo para os atletas. Além disso, psicólogos do esporte podem ajudar a monitorizar as variáveis psicológicas, na dinâmica da equipa e desenvolver de competências psicológicas.
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