Purpose: to determine the level of the development of indices of the influence of the important psychological qualities and the personality characteristics that defines the effectiveness of the ...competitive activity of young basketball players in the process of sports skill. Material: the study involved basketball players of the first category and beginners athletes of the 2nd and 3rd categories. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, interview of leading trainers, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, psychological testing, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: Significant psychological qualities and personality characteristics are established which contribute to increasing the level of competitive activity. Conclusions: the conducted research contributed to increasing the importance in the optimal level of development and manifestation of psychological qualities and personality traits in enhancing athletic skill. As a result of the research important psychological qualities and personality traits are established that contribute to the increase in the level of competitive activity.
Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) is an essential diagnostic technique to assess sleep abnormalities, including sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Although low in invasiveness, it is extremely difficult ...to conduct PSG with children who are not cooperative with wearing electrodes and sensors. Particularly, it is difficult to conduct PSG on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because they have poor predictive ability, exhibit extreme anxiety about novel and unfamiliar things, and have difficulty understanding verbal instructions. Recently, the usefulness of psychological preparation was reported. The primary aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of psychological preparation for PSG.
The goal of our study was to assess the usefulness of psychological preparation for PSG. A total of 253 children were enrolled in the study: 131 in the control group (19 with ASD) and 122 selected for psychological preparation (51 with ASD).
In the preparation group, 110 of 122 (90.2%) could undergo regular PSG, a significantly higher percentage than the control group at 104 of 131 (79.4%), P = .018. Regarding hypnotic drugs, in the preparation group 111 of 122 (91.0%) underwent PSG without hypnotic drugs, which was a significantly higher percentage than in the control group at 107 of 131 (81.7%), P = .032. Additionally, 45 of 51 children with ASD in the preparation group (88.2%) could undergo PSG without hypnotic drugs.
This study indicated that psychological preparation was effective in facilitating PSG without hypnotic drugs in children who have difficulty cooperating with PSG, including those with ASD.
Psychological preparation for competitions is a process that enhances the capacities and qualities of the athlete during the preparation to reach the optimal state of mental predisposition. There are ...few researches that offer empirical evidence of the relationship between the state of mental predisposition and the competitive performance of athletes in combined events. The objective of this work was to determine how the state of psychological predisposition and the competitive performance of Cuban athletes in combined events are related. The research was non-experimental and cross-sectional. The sample was made up of eight athletes from the combined events of the Cuban national athletics team. The Questionnaire of Psychological Predisposition for Competition and the Performance Scale in the competition of combined tests were used. Goal clarity was positively and directly correlated with competitive performance in hurdles (.793 sig. = .019). The significance of the athletes' perceived competition was positively and directly correlated with hurdles and high jump (.826 sig. = .012 and .717 sig. = .045). As the clarity of objectives increased in the athletes studied, so did the performance perceived by their coaches in the hurdles races they carried out in the 2020 Cuba Cup. As the significance of the competition was greater, so was the performance in hurdle races and high jump.
A preparação psicológica para as competições é um processo que aumenta as habilidades e qualidades do atleta durante a preparação para alcançar o estado ideal de predisposição psíquica. Há poucas pesquisas que ofereçam evidências empíricas da relação entre o estado de predisposição psicológica e o desempenho competitivo dos atletas em eventos combinados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar como o estado de predisposição psicológica e o desempenho competitivo dos atletas cubanos em eventos combinados estão relacionados. A pesquisa foi não-experimental e transversal. A amostra consistiu de oito atletas de eventos combinados da equipe nacional de atletismo de Cuba. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Predisposição Psicológica para Competição e a Escala de Desempenho em Competição de Julgamentos Combinados. Clareza de propósito correlacionada positivamente e diretamente com o desempenho competitivo em obstáculos (.793 sig. = .019). A percepção do significado da competência dos atletas se correlacionou positiva e diretamente com obstáculos e saltos em altura (.826 sig. = .012 e .717 sig. = .045). medida que a clareza das metas aumentava nos atletas estudados, também aumentava o desempenho percebido por seus treinadores nas corridas de obstáculos que realizaram na Copa Cuba 2020. medida que a importância da concorrência aumentava, aumentava também o desempenho em obstáculos e saltos altos.
La preparación psicológica para las competencias es un proceso que potencia las capacidades y cualidades del deportista durante la preparación para alcanzar el estado óptimo de predisposición psíquica. Son escasas las investigaciones que ofrecen evidencias empíricas de la relación existente entre el estado de predisposición psíquica y el rendimiento competitivo de atletas de pruebas combinadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar cómo se relacionan el estado de predisposición psicológica y el rendimiento competitivo de los atletas cubanos de pruebas combinadas. La investigación fue no experimental y transversal. La muestra la integraron ocho atletas de pruebas combinadas de la selección nacional cubana de atletismo. Se emplearon el Cuestionario de Predisposición Psicológica para la Competencia y la Escala de rendimiento en la competencia de pruebas combinadas. La claridad de objetivos correlacionó de manera positiva y directa con el rendimiento competitivo en las carreras con vallas (,793 sig. = ,019). La significación de la competencia percibida por los atletas correlacionó de manera positiva y directa con las carreras con vallas y el salto de altura (,826 sig. = ,012 y ,717 sig. = ,045). A medida que aumentó la claridad de objetivos en los atletas estudiados también lo hizo el rendimiento percibido por sus entrenadores en las carreras con vallas que realizaron en la Copa Cuba 2020. A medida que fue mayor la significación de la competencia, también lo fue el rendimiento en carreras con vallas y salto de altura.
Applied psychophysiological and psychological interventions can support successful post-surgical outcomes among patients who undergo surgical or medical procedures. However, more translational ...research is needed to extend the current understandings and practices of evidence-based and evidence-informed behavioral interventions to improve the outcomes of surgical and medical procedures. As healthcare becomes increasingly integrative, biopsychosocial oriented practitioners (e.g., health psychologists, neuropsychologists, pain psychologists, psychiatrists, nurses) will play an integral role with surgical and interventional professionals (e.g., neurosurgeons, bariatric surgeons, anesthesiologist, transplant surgeons, interventionalist, radiologist). These roles include pre-surgical evaluations, identifying pre-emptive concerns and implementing behavioral interventions, which ultimately act to improve the outcome of the surgery or medical procedure. In this paper, the authors 1) review the status of the broader practice of perioperative behavioral interventions; 2) review the pre-surgical and pre-procedural behavioral risk factors and translate psychophysiological and behavioral interventions to optimize post-surgical and post-procedural outcomes; and 3) provide a general framework (P3-Model) that can be used in a perioperative practice to carry out pre-surgical and pre-procedural behavioral interventions. Specifically, the role of behavioral and biofeedback interventions in the preparation of patients who are undergoing surgeries and medical procedures will be detailed. Psychological preparation that addresses pre-surgical and pre-medical procedure behavioral risk factors help perioperative healthcare providers and patients to have maximal post-operative success.
•Review the current status of the broader practice of perioperative behavioral interventions.•Review the pre-surgical and pre-procedural behavioral risk factors.•Provide a general framework (P3-Model) that can be used in a perioperative practice.
Psychological Preparation for Cardiac Surgery Salzmann, Stefan; Salzmann-Djufri, Miriam; Wilhelm, Marcel ...
Current cardiology reports,
10/2020, Volume:
22, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Purpose of Review
To review the current state of preoperative psychological preparation to improve outcomes after cardiac surgery.
Recent Findings
Preoperative psychosocial factors are associated ...with short- and long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery. There are several approaches to optimize patients’ preoperative psychological status with promising effects on postoperative outcomes (e.g., less complications, improved quality of life). Preoperative psychological preparation often aims to improve patients’ knowledge or social support and to modify and optimize expectations and illness beliefs.
Summary
Preoperative psychological preparation is gaining importance for cardiac surgery. However, patients’ psychological status still does not get as much attention as it deserves. Preoperative psychological preparation seems to have positive effects on postoperative outcomes. Since overall evidence is still weak, further studies are warranted to understand which intervention works best for whom and why.
One of the deficiencies presented by some juvenile tennis players in the school of sports initiation of Santiago de Cuba is the poor disposition to make the volitional efforts in competitive ...situations, a necessary condition for the achievement of high sporting results. In this sense, this article presents the application of a diagnosis based on observation, completion of sentences, the pre-starter return test and methodical B, from its psychological preparation. The results allow to confirm in these athletes, the tendency to a low level of their patterns of behavior and to foresee the favorable effects of the intervention.
To verify the effect of psychological preparation on the relief of preoperative anxiety in children and to correlate parents’ and children's levels of anxiety.
After the approval of the institutional ...Research Ethics Committee and written consent of the children's parents or guardians, 118 children of both genders were prospectively selected, aged between 2 and 8 years, physical condition classification ASA I, who were treated in the pre-anesthetic evaluation ambulatory of the University Hospital and who underwent ambulatory surgeries at the same hospital. Two controlled groups of 59 children were randomized: control group basic preparation and psychological preparation group. On the day of surgery, all selected children were evaluated regarding their level of anxiety using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and their parents were evaluated regarding their level of anxiety through the Visual Analog Scale. The evaluator was blinded to which study group the child and family member belonged to.
Nine children and their family members were excluded per group when the results were analyzed. Children from the prepared group showed significant reductions in their level of anxiety in relation to the control group (p=0.04). There was no correlation between the level of anxiety of children and their parents’ levels (p=0.78).
The psychological preparation was effective in reducing the level of anxiety of children. However, there was no relation between the level of anxiety of children and their parents’ level.
Verificar o efeito da preparação psicológica no alívio da ansiedade pré-operatória de crianças e avaliar se há correlação com a ansiedade dos pais.
Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina e obtenção do consentimento pelos responsáveis dos pacientes, foram selecionadas prospectivamente 118 crianças, de ambos os sexos, entre dois e oito anos, classificação de estado físico ASA I, atendidas no ambulatório de avaliação pré-anestésica do Hospital Universitário e submetidas a cirurgias ambulatoriais. Foram randomizados dois grupos controlados de 59 crianças: grupo de preparação básica e grupo preparação psicológica. No dia da cirurgia, todas as crianças foram avaliadas em relação ao seu grau de ansiedade através da Escala de Ansiedade Pré-operatória de Yale Modificada e seus pais, avaliados quanto ao seu nível de ansiedade pela Escala Visual Analógica. O avaliador era cego sobre qual grupo do estudo a criança e seu familiar pertenciam.
Na análise dos resultados, foram excluídas nove crianças e familiares de cada grupo. As crianças do grupo preparado tiveram reduções significativas no grau de ansiedade em relação ao grupo controle, (p = 0,04). Não houve correlação entre os graus de ansiedade das crianças e seus pais (p = 0,78).
A preparação psicológica foi eficaz na redução do grau de ansiedade das crianças no momento da cirurgia. Não houve, entretanto, relação entre os graus de ansiedade dos pais e seus filhos.
The research aim was to find out whether providing information on psychological preparation would produce changes in pre-retirees retirement planning intentions and advance retirement concepts. In ...the experiment, we divided the pre-retirees (N = 567, mean age of 54.91, SD = 3.55 years, working full-time) into four groups (with and without pre-test, with and without the information provided). There were no differences between the pre-test and post-test conditions. However, the results showed that participants acknowledged the need to prepare for retirement even before the intervention. The participants also rated themselves as psychologically prepared for retirement. The results also indicated which pre-retirees could benefit from psychological preparation: those who believe they would have a disadvantageous and unfavorable retirement transition. The next group is the ones who tend to conceptualize their retirement as an imposed disruption as they also perceive their psychological resources for a successful transition as insufficient.
It is universally recognized that cadaveric dissection is an essential part of anatomy training. However, it has been reported to induce mental distress in some students and impair their intrinsic ...motivation (IM) to study. One of the postulated reasons for this behavior is the lack of adequate information and preparation of students for cadaveric dissection. Therefore, it is hypothesized that providing relevant information prior to cadaveric dissection will ameliorate the mental distress, enhance the IM of students, and improve their academic performance. A cohort of occupational therapy students enrolled in an anatomy course were psychologically prepared for cadaveric dissection. Students were provided with a curated list of YouTube videos and peer-reviewed journal articles related to cadaveric dissection prior to the commencement of the anatomy course. All students were also required to attend an oral presentation immediately before commencing dissection. The control group included students who had not been provided with any resources in preparation for cadaveric dissection. Compared to the control group, students who had been prepared demonstrated better quality of cadaveric dissection, improved academic performance, reported less mental distress and greater IM. Moreover, students reported the oral presentation to be most relevant and journal articles to be least useful in their preparation. Therefore, this is an effective approach in the amelioration of mental distress and improvement of performance in anatomy students. Consequently, this study represents a paradigm shift in the pedagogy of anatomy, and could represent a vital element in the evolution of a revitalized anatomy curriculum.
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