The author investigated the effect of precompetitive and prelaunch status of young freestyle wrestlers at the performance indicators of their competitive activity. Proved the feasibility of an ...individualised complex of pedagogical methods and methods of optimisation of precompetitive training of freestyle young wrestlers.
The purpose of this article was to review a series of studies (n = 18) on psychological preparation of competitive judokas. These studies were grouped according to the type of study performed - ...observational, experimental, and case studies. In addition, five psychological categories were identified: (a) imagery, (b) motivation, (c) stress, anxiety, and mood states, (d) eating attitudes and weight control, and (e) coach/athlete interactions. The main findings of this review are that (a) there is a lack of data regarding the use of imagery to improve judo performance; (b) goal involvement states of competitive judokas fluctuate and undergo abrupt changes during actual combat, according to the ecological constraints of the situation; (c) cortisol levels and somatic and cognitive anxiety tend to increase prior to and during a judo combat; (d) weight reduction programs that judokas undergo prior to a judo combat can lead to unpleasant moods, and cultural differences can lead to conflicting results; (e) psychological preparation plans should be tailored to each individual judoka, as there can be significant individual differences among the judokas. Based on the findings of our review, a number of research limitations and methodological concerns are discussed. Key PointsThis article reviews a series of studies (n = 18) examining psychological aspects of judokas who compete at the intermediate level, national team level, and international level, and who hold international titles.Weight reduction programs that judokas undergo prior to a judo combat can lead to unpleasant moods.Psychological preparation plans should be tailored to each individual judoka, as there can be significant individual differences among competitive judokas.An effort should be made to conduct experimental-designed studies in order to assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions in judo.
Estudios exploratorios, descriptivos y experimentales hechos durante varios años han permitido arribar a consideraciones de valor incalculable sobre la necesidad inminente de formar profesionales de ...la Cultura Física integrales y competentes como premisa esencial para dar respuesta a las necesidades en el contexto de la actividad que realizan, de acuerdo con las estrategias de desarrollo proyectadas en cada nivel de educación y como vía de estímulo para lograr niveles superiores en el desempeño de este profesional. Una de las alternativas más atractivas que contribuye a esa aspiración es precisamente la formación y desarrollo de competencias profesionales, en particular la competencia gestionar el componente psicológico. Por ello, a partir de estudios diagnósticos realizados se detectaron las insuficiencias que hay en este componente con la aplicación de métodos y técnicas de investigación científica. Se propusieron tareas docentes dirigidas a resolver estas insuficiencias desde la interdisciplina de las asignaturas Teoría y Metodología del Entrenamiento Deportivo (TMED) y Psicología, en el 5to año del CD (curso diurno) y se determinaron indicadores y estándares de calidad para su evaluación con el propósito de sentar premisas en el análisis de los argumentos expuestos en el presente estudio, para que sean de utilidad a los futuros entrenadores deportivos. Abstract Exploratory, descriptive and experimental studies conducted for various years have offered important considerations on the imminent need of forming integral and competent Physical Culture professionals. It constitutes an essential premise to meet the needs in the context of their work, according to the development strategies planned for each educational level, and as an incentive to accomplish higher levels of professional performance. One of the most attractive alternatives is the formation and development of professional competences, particularly management of the psychological component. Therefore, various diagnostic studies were conducted with the use of scientific research methods and techniques in order to detect deficiencies in the component. Educational tasks intended to overcome those deficiencies were proposed based on the interdisciplinary relation between the subjects Theory & Methodology of Sportive Training (TMED, Spanish acronym) and Psychology in the regular course fifth year. Indicators and quality standards were stated for assessment, with the aim of creating premises in the analysis of the study arguments that may be of use to future sports coaches.
Introduction: Considering the multiplicity of adenotonsillectomy in children 2-10-year old at the paediatric surgery centres, patient anxiety leads to an increase in surgical and anaesthetic ...complications. Patients' unfamiliarity with surgical and anaesthetic interventions may increase their stress. Midazolam premedication reduces patient anxiety. In previous studies, psychological preparation before surgery using understandable terms to children, has reduced their anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare and study behavioural reflections among the children in two groups: the first group was prescribed oral midazolam, and the second group received psychological preparation with the booklet about anaesthesia and anaesthesia-resident explanation. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial conducted on 48 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Children in the first group (midazolam group) received oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, 20 min before surgery. A booklet containing pictures and information about anaesthesia and the operating room was given to the second group (psychological preparation group) the night before surgery and anaesthesia resident explained the booklet to the children. The anxiety level was measured in both groups using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children questionnaire the night before surgery and on the morning of surgery (after giving midazolam to Group II). The results were analysed using SPSS. Results: In this study, 58.3% of the first group and 45.8% of the second group were male. The mean age of the first and second groups was 8.45 ± 1.86 and 9.12 ± 1.72 years, respectively. The anxiety in the first group significantly decreased in the morning before surgery compared to the night before operation (P < 0.001). The anxiety in the second group significantly decreased in the morning before surgery compared to the night before as well (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that midazolam and psychological preparation prior to surgery can reduce the anxiety of children before adenotonsillectomy.
Resumo A preparação infantil para a cirurgia é foco de atenção da equipe de saúde pelo potencial traumático dos procedimentos cirúrgicos e por ser fonte de estresse e ansiedade na infância. O impacto ...de três preparações psicológicas pré-cirúrgicas sobre o estresse e a ansiedade de crianças submetidas a cirurgias eletivas foi avaliado. A amostra foi composta por 80 crianças de um hospital infantil, a qual foi dividida em dois blocos de 40 sujeitos de acordo com o sexo e alocados aleatoriamente num dos quatro grupos: controle, preparação por informações verbais, preparação por jogo com kit de preparação ou preparação por vídeo informativo. O estresse e a ansiedade foram mensurados por meio da Escala de Stress Infantil (ESI) e do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (Idate-c). A intervenção foi implementada em três etapas distintas: (a) aplicação da ESI e do Idate-c antes da preparação, no dia anterior a cirurgia; (b) a preparação propriamente dita nos grupos submetidos aos diferentes programas de preparação, também no dia anterior, e (C) a reaplicação da ESI e do Idate-c no dia da cirurgia. Os dados foram analisados por meio de equações de regressão simultâneas, e as estimativas são apresentadas em termos de diferença média padronizada e erro-padrão. Os resultados permitem inferir que a preparação com o vídeo reduziu o estresse (Tvídeo1= -38 ± .18) e a ansiedade (Tvídeo2 = - .54 ± .27), especialmente entre os meninos (TvídeoM1 = - .66 ± .25; TvídeoM2 = - .71 ± .38). Implicações práticas para a preparação psicológica das crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica e limitações da pesquisa são discutidas.
This study aimed to verify whether psychologists and game activities could reduce preoperative anxiety and promote compliance in paediatric patients. More specifically, we sought to evaluate whether ...it would be better to propose contextualized games or just distracting activities. A total of 104 children undergoing surgery were assigned to the following 4 conditions of treatment: (1) contextual games and psychological accompaniment, (2) only contextual games, (3) distracting activities, and (4) only psychological accompaniment. Observed children’s anxiety was assessed using modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale and compliant behaviours with modified form of Induction Compliance Checklist. Children in the first condition (complete intervention – contextual games and psychological accompaniment) were less anxious and more cooperative in the preoperative period and during the induction of anaesthesia than in the other three conditions. In particular, contextual activities (second condition) were found to be more efficient than psychological accompaniment (fourth condition), whereas the worst condition was proposing only distracting activities (third condition). In order to help young hospitalized patients in paediatric surgery structures, it is necessary to propose games that can prepare them for what will happen as well as the support of a psychologist.
Child life services Wilson, Jerriann M
Pediatrics (Evanston),
10/2006, Volume:
118, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Child life programs have become standard in most large pediatric centers and even on some smaller pediatric inpatient units to address the psychosocial concerns that accompany hospitalization and ...other health care experiences. The child life specialist focuses on the strengths and sense of well-being of children while promoting their optimal development and minimizing the adverse effects of children's experiences in health care or other potentially stressful settings. Using play and psychological preparation as primary tools, child life interventions facilitate coping and adjustment at times and under circumstances that might prove overwhelming otherwise. Play and age-appropriate communication may be used to (1) promote optimal development, (2) present information, (3) plan and rehearse useful coping strategies for medical events or procedures, (4) work through feelings about past or impending experiences, and (5) establish therapeutic relationships with children and parents to support family involvement in each child's care, with continuity across the care continuum. The benefits of this collaborative work with the family and health care team are not limited to the health care setting; it may also optimize reintegration into schools and the community.
Aim
Recent advances in surgery have focused on peri‐operative care and interventions to improve outcome following surgery. Psychological preparation has a positive impact on recovery and incorporates ...a range of strategies with dissemination of information as one of the key elements. Information can be given verbally, through printed information or through use of a video. Traditionally, reliance has been on the use of written material as an adjunct to patient education in clinic. The current study is a randomized trial on the use of video education in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection within an enhanced recovery programme.
Method
Sixty‐five eligible patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were identified and 61 were randomized between August 2010 and August 2011 to either video and information leaflets or information leaflets alone. A fast track protocol was established for all the patients. Clinicians in charge of postoperative recovery were blinded. Standard discharge criteria were employed for all patients.
Results
Of 61 patients randomized, one dropped out and outcomes on 60 were analysed. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups (age, P = 0.964; body mass index, P = 0.829). Twenty‐eight (91%) patients in the video group had left sided resections while two (6%) had right sided resections. Nineteen (66%) in the non‐video group had left sided resections while nine (31%) had right sided resections. One (3%) patient in the non‐video group and one (3%) in the video group had a total colectomy. Fourteen (45%) patients in the video group and 12 (41%) in the non‐video group had surgery completed laparoscopically. There was no difference in the primary (median hospital stay 5 vs 5 days; P = 0.239) or the secondary outcome measures (pain score on movement, P = 0.338; pain score at rest, P = 0.989; nausea score, P = 0.74; epidural use, P = 0.984; paracetamol use, P = 0.44; voltarol use, P = 0.506) between the groups.
Conclusion
Use of video education in the psychological preparation of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery does not improve short‐term outcomes.
The modifications introduced in recent years by the International Shooting Sport Federation, raise the requirements in the preparation of its athletes. The article shows an alternative displayed in ...the Youth Academy of sports shooting in the province of Villa Clara, the result of a research in the specialty of this sports discipline developed at the University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences "Manuel Fajardo" in Havana Cuba. Its objective was to determine the use of special games for the development of the technical-tactical and psychological preparation in the youth shooters in the final events. Quantitative methods of theoretical level were combined as documentary analysis, of empirical level such as scientific observation, interviews and an experiment; statistical methods whose results were grouped into frequency tables and qualitative group workshops. Among its main results are the pre-competition diagnosis, the improvement of the technical-tactical and psychological preparation of the juvenile shooters and their results in final events. The assessment by users and specialists confirmed that this study work can be replicated in other categories of this and other sports.
Las modificaciones introducidas en los últimos años por la International ShootingSport Federation, elevan las exigencias en la preparación de sus atletas. El artículo muestra una alternativa desplegada en la Academia Juvenil de tiro deportivo de la provincia de Villa Clara, resultado de una investigación en la Especialidad de esta disciplina deportiva desarrollada en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte “Manuel Fajardo” de La Habana, Cuba. Su objetivo fue determinar la utilización de juegos especiales para el desarrollo de la preparación técnico-táctica y psicológica en los tiradores juveniles en los eventos de finales. Se combinaron métodos cuantitativos de nivel teórico como el análisis documental, de nivel empírico como la observación científica, entrevistas y un experimento; métodos estadísticos cuyos resultados se agruparon en tablas de frecuencias y talleres grupales de orden cualitativo. Entre sus principales resultados destacan el diagnóstico pre-competencia, la mejora de la preparación técnico-táctica y psicológica de los tiradores juveniles y sus resultados en eventos finales. La valoración por los usuarios y especialistas confirmó que este estudio trabajo puede replicarse en otros categorías de esta y otras modalidades deportivas.
Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del uso de biofeedback de variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) durante la radioterapia como método de distracción cognitiva y autoregulación emocional en un ...paciente pediátrico. Método: La paciente es una niña de 11 años con diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing en la pierna izquierda. Recibió 28 sesiones de radioterapia. Antes de iniciar tratamiento, se evaluó psicológicamente a la paciente con la entrevista Mini Kid, identificando que no tenía psicopatología. Dos semanas previas a iniciar, se evaluó la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y variabilidad (VFC) de la misma (indicadores que han sido utilizados previamente como correlatos fisiológicos de estrés y relajación) con un software especializado llamado EmWave, identificando que sí presentaba activación fisiológica asociada a estrés. Se hizo entrenamiento en respiración diafragmática apoyado con el equipo de retroalimentación dos semanas previas a la radioterapia. El día que inició tratamiento, se volvió a evaluar la frecuencia y variabilidad antes de comenzar. Durante la radioterapia se instrumentó a la paciente al software y se permitió que ella escogiera el juego (que registra las variables de FC y VFC e interactúa conforme ella logra autoregulación fisiológica) y éste era proyectado en el techo de la sala mientras recibía la radiación. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios en la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, logrando una autoregulación, mostrando así que la paciente aprendió a relajarse y que lo puso en práctica durante la radioterapia. Conclusión: El uso del biofeedback es innovador en el tratamiento con radioterapia; permite al paciente integrar los dos métodos más utilizados como preparación para la misma: distraer el foco atencional y lograr una autoregulación. Se sugiere ampliar la muestra para conocer los efectos y generalizar los resultados.
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