Pain is linked to behaviors and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD); however, it often remains underrecognized in this population.
We aimed to investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain ...in people living in aged care homes with BPSD and by dementia subtypes and the association between pain intensity and BPSD.
A 1-year retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on BPSD and the presence of pain in referrals to a national BPSD support service using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and PainChek®, respectively. Referrals were categorized into two groups: pain group and no pain group.
Of the 479 referrals (81.9 ± 8.3 years old) included in the analysis, two-thirds (65.6%) had pain identified, with almost half (48.4%) of these categorized as experiencing moderate-severe pain. Pain was highly prevalent (range: 54.6-78.6%) in all subtypes of dementia, particularly in mixed dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Compared with the no pain group, the pain group had 25.3% more neuropsychiatric behaviors, 33.6% higher total severity of these behaviors, and 31.4% higher total distress caused to caregivers. For all results, effect sizes were small to medium (η²p = 0.04-0.06). Despite a high prevalence of aggressive or agitated behaviors across the entire group, the pain group was 3.8 times more likely to experience these behaviors than referrals not in pain.
There is a strong need to consider the possibility of pain as a contributor to behavioral changes in aged care residents living with dementia.
This study is aimed at knowing the role of recreational sports activities in decreasing some psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents, and done on a sample of 400 ...adolescents chosen from the final year of the Intermediate education stage (Hamam bouhjar Middle school - Ain Temouchent state, Sig middle school – Mascara state), the questionnaire was applied as a tool for the study and it consisted of three axes: the axis of aggressive behavior, isolation, and self-confidence, and each axis consists of a group of questions. We used Frequencies, Percentage, and Chi-square goodness of fit test to analyze and interpret the results. In the end, we concluded that recreational sports activities have a role in alleviating some psychological problems resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, and this is based on the results that we have researched which states that recreational sports alleviate the aggressive behavior caused by the COVID-19 and its major role in reducing the weakness of self-confidence caused by COVID-19 among adolescents, as well as mitigating the weakness of self-confidence under the COVID-19 pandemic Finally, the researchers recommend the necessity of practicing recreational sports activities in spare time.
Introduction: Idiographic, or individual-level, methodology has been touted for its potential clinical utility. Empirically modeling relationships between symptoms for a single individual may offer ...both the client and therapist information that is useful for case conceptualization and treatment planning. However, few studies have investigated the feasibility and utility of integrating idiographic models in a clinical setting.
Methods: Clients (n = 12) completed ecological momentary assessment regarding psychological symptoms five times per day for three weeks. Clients also generated predictions about the associative and directed relationships in their networks. Graphical vector autoregression was used to generate contemporaneous and directed networks from each client's data, and both clients and therapists completed self-report questionnaires regarding the feasibility and utility of these methods.
Results: Results indicated that the idiographic model structures varied widely across participants and differed markedly from the client's own predictions. Clients found the models useful, whereas their therapists demonstrated a more tempered response.
Discussion: These results echo previous findings suggesting that clients are willing to complete intensive data collection and are interested in the output, whereas therapists may be less open to idiographic methods. We provide recommendations for future implementation of personalized models in clinical settings.
With advances in cancer disease diagnosis and treatment, the trends of cancer survival continue to increase, but cancer survivors usually experience disease- or treatment-related problems (including ...both physiological and psychological problems) and poorer quality of life. Various types of telehealth interventions have been widespread in the field of medical care and have been shown to be cost-effective, to have high levels of patient satisfaction, and to have high acceptability among health professionals. Currently, there is no definite conclusion about the effectiveness of telehealth interventions on cancer survivors’ quality of life.
To evaluate the effects of telehealth interventions on cancer survivors’ quality of life and compare the effectiveness of different types.
A systematic review and meta-analysis.
A systematic literature search was conducted in six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies from inception to 14 April 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted the data. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Data synthesis was conducted in Review Manager (Version 5.3), and the quality of life scores were calculated by using the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were also conducted.
Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2002 to 2020 were included. Meta-analysis revealed significant effects of telehealth interventions on cancer survivors’ quality of life (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14–0.34, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed that the most effective method was application-based intervention (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.66) and the short-term telehealth intervention was more effective than other durations of intervention (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.06–0.50). The effects on breast cancer survivors’ quality of life were greater than those on the other types of cancer survivors (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10–0.51). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pooled results were robust and reliable.
Telehealth interventions are effective and alternative methods for improving quality of life among cancer survivors. The most effective approach was application-based intervention, the most common approach was website-based intervention, and in terms of intervention durations, the short-term telehealth intervention was the most effective. Most telehealth interventions included breast cancer survivors. More large, well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the effects of telehealth interventions on quality of life in cancer survivors.
Current studies emphasize that emotion regulation has an interpersonal aspect in addition to its intrapersonal aspect. Interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) reflects the strategies that express how ...people use others to regulate their own emotions and is correlated with some psychological symptoms. Despite its importance, there are a limited number of studies. The present study investigates the relationships between IER, attachment style, and perceived social support. Additionally, the serial mediation model was tested to determine the mediating role of IER and social support in the relationship between anxious attachment style and psychological distress. Data were collected from 444 adults using scales assessing IER, attachment patterns, perceived social support, and psychological symptoms. Results indicated significant positive associations between IER dimensions and anxious attachment, and negative associations with avoidant attachment. The strongest correlation was between anxious attachment and soothing strategy (as one IER strategy). A structural equation model demonstrated that attachment anxiety statistically predicted depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms mediated by soothing and social support. The findings assert that IER strategies may originate from attachment styles, also explain psychological distress mediated by perceived social support.
•Interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) is positively related to attachment anxiety.•IER is negatively related to attachment avoidance.•Soothing is a distinguished IER strategy for psychological distress.•A serial mediation model was suggested for psychological problems.•Soothing and perceived social support had mediator roles in the model.
Job stress and burnout are highly frequent in healthcare professionals, and prevalence in nurses can be as high as 40%. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing ...stress and increasing well-being in a wide range of populations and contexts. However, controlled studies with healthcare professionals, and especially nurses, are scarce.
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of an on-site, abbreviated mindfulness-based intervention for nurses, using a nonrandomized, wait-list comparison design. The effectiveness of the intervention was measured through several validated self-report measures that participants completed before and after the intervention, assessing burnout, compassion fatigue, psychological symptoms, mindfulness, self-compassion, experiential avoidances, rumination, and satisfaction with life.
A sample of 94 oncology nurses agreed to participate in the study and self-selected into an experimental (n=45) and comparison condition (n=48). Complete data was obtained for 48 of the initial 94 participants, mainly due to poor follow-up data rather than high drop-out rate.
Statistical analyses included a series of 2×2 ANOVAs and ANCOVAs. Results indicated that nurses in the intervention reported significant decreases in compassion fatigue, burnout, stress, experiential avoidance, and increases in satisfaction with life, mindfulness and self-compassion, with medium to large effect sizes. Nurses in the comparison group didn’t present significant changes in these variables. Results also pointed to a high degree of acceptability of the intervention.
This study provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness-based interventions may be efficacious in reducing oncology nurses’ psychological symptoms and improving their overall well-being, and thus may be worthy of further study in this population.
•We examined behavioral and psychological problems among adolescents in South Korea.•Multicultural family youths were at risk of substance use, depression and suicide.•North Korean family youths had ...a higher risk than other multicultural family youths.•Educational and preventive interventions are necessary for these high-risk youths.
This study was aimed to investigate the health risk behaviors and psychological problems among North Korean, other multicultural, and South Korean family adolescents. The data were collected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior web-based survey (2011–2016) data set. A total of 17,195 adolescents (mean age 14.65 ± 0.01 years) were analyzed to compare health risk behaviors and psychological problems among the three groups. Concerning risk behaviors, multicultural family adolescents showed a higher rate of alcohol use, smoking, drug use and sexual relations compared to South Korean family adolescents. Moreover, North Korean family adolescents were more likely to experience those risk behaviors than other multicultural family adolescents. Concerning psychological problems, multicultural family youth displayed more depressed mood, and more suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts when compared with South Korean family youth. Among multicultural families, North Korean family adolescents were more depressed and showed higher suicidality. School-based education and preventive interventions are necessary to manage risk behaviors and psychological difficulties of adolescents in North Korean and other multicultural families.
► Mindfulness enhances wellbeing above and beyond self-control. ► Mindfulness serves as a protective factor against psychological symptoms of distress. ► Emotional and self-control functioning differ ...depending on levels of mindfulness.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dispositional mindfulness (the tendency to be mindful in general daily life) accounts for variance in psychological symptoms and wellbeing after accounting for the influence of dispositional self-control (the tendency to be self-disciplined, reliable, hardworking, etc.). A large sample of undergraduate students (
N
=
280) completed self-report measures of mindfulness, self control, psychological wellbeing, and general psychological distress (depression and anxiety, and stress). As expected, both mindfulness and self-control were positively correlated with wellbeing and negatively correlated with general distress. Mindfulness was found to account for significant variance in psychological wellbeing and general distress after accounting for self-control. In addition, mindfulness was a significant moderator of the relationship between self-control and psychological symptoms. Results show that although self-control predicts significant variance in psychological health, mindfulness predicts incremental variance, suggesting that a mindful approach to ongoing experience can contribute to mental health in persons who are highly self-disciplined and hardworking.
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