Disruptive behavior disorders were assessed in 160 youth aged 13 years, with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, n = 48), intellectual disability (ID, n = 28), or typical development (TD, n = 84). ...Mothers’ reported collateral effects on their psychological adjustment were related to both youth disability status and clinical level behavior disorders. More youth with ASD or ID had clinical level behavior disorders than their TD peers, and their mothers reported significantly higher personal stress and psychological symptoms, as well as lower positive impact of the youth on the family. The youth’s clinical level behavior disorders accounted for these differences more than the diagnostic status. Mothers high in dispositional optimism reported the lowest stress and psychological symptoms in relationship to youth behavior challenges.
Objective
The goal of this study is to document connections between the social and physical affordances of home life and development for Cherokee adolescents.
Background
The affordances of the home ...environment have implications for adolescent well‐being. However, research on the connection between most aspects of home life and most components of well‐being for Native American adolescents is limited.
Method
This study of 54 Cherokee adolescents considered five dimensions of home life and the relation of these dimensions with four aspects of competence, three positive attitudes, and three psychological problems.
Results
Having a rich array of learning materials was related to vocabulary attainment, and having parents who provided productive modeling and encouragement was related to self‐efficacy for academic achievement, social self‐efficacy, and perceived endurance. Family companionship was related to self‐control, social skills, physical strength, and endurance. Native American adolescents living in homes with good household routines and regulations had lower levels of externalizing symptoms.
Conclusion
Having a supportive family, good household routines, and a substantial number of learning materials is connected with overall well‐being in Cherokee adolescents.
Implications
Results attesting to the value of close and supportive connections with family for Cherokee adolescents offer directions for programs aimed at improving both parenting practice and adolescent adaptive functioning.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents. Disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have gained recognition as significant symptoms in ...individuals with AN. However, limited studies have explored GI symptoms in pediatric populations with AN using age-specific diagnostic tools. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of DGBIs, their associated psychopathological aspects and their potential correlations with ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption among pediatric AN patients. The study included AN patients who were under the care of a specialized multidisciplinary team. We assessed DGBI-related symptoms using the Rome IV Pediatric Diagnostic Questionnaire on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (R4PDQ) and conducted psychological evaluations. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were evaluated. Among 56 AN patients, we observed a lower prevalence of DGBIs (functional constipation: 61%; functional dyspepsia: 54%; irritable bowel syndrome: 25%) compared to the existing literature. The psychological assessments revealed high rates of depression (72%) and anxiety (70%). UPF consumption was inversely related to depression levels (
= 0.01) but positively correlated with functional constipation (
= 0.046). This study highlights the importance of using age-specific diagnostic tools and emphasizes the crucial role of a specialized multidisciplinary team in the treatment of AN.
BACKGROUNDThere is evidence that children in residential care institutions (RCI) have higher rates of psychological problems, suicide and criminal behaviour. There is only one study in Sri Lanka ...which has examined the psychological well-being of children in RCIs. Further evidence is needed to formulate policies related to the mental health of institutionalized children in the local context. METHODSA cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in a selected RCI, in Colombo, Sri Lanka. All children (> 4 years) and adolescents who have been in the institution for more than 3 months were included. The caregiver rated version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess the extent of emotional and behavioural problems. RESULTSThe sample included 103 children and adolescents, between 5-17years. Majority (51.5%) were females. Mean age at entering care was 6.48 years. The mean score for externalizing problems was 6.72 (SD=3.702) and the mean score for internalizing problems was 4.12 (SD=2.312). Peer problems (23.4 %) and conduct problems (21.5 %) were the commonest problems encountered. Only 40 % of the children having clinically significant levels of problems were in contact with mental health services. CONCLUSIONA quarter of the participants had elevated levels of emotional and behavioural problems. Routine screening programmes should be carried out at regular intervals in the RCI's for early detection of children with psychological problems in institutionalized children.
Aim. This research study aims to examine the professional quality of life (ProQOL) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pakistan during the fourth wave of COVID-19. Background. Under intense pressure ...to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, HCWs are more likely to experience psychological problems. Numerous investigations carried out in the past at various points during the pandemic have shown that COVID-19 has had important detrimental effects on HCWs. However, there are many unknowns with regard to ProQOL for HCWs. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with Pakistani HCWs who performed their duties during the fourth wave of COVID-19. Data were collected between January 1 and March 31, 2022. A total of 258 HCWs took part in the study evaluating ProQOL. The significance level was <0.05. Results. Most respondents were males (79.1%), and 20.9% were females. The scores of secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout (BO), and compassion satisfaction (CS) were 24.03 ± 3.79, 19.18 ± 2.92, and 35.29 ± 4.37, respectively. Compared with higher-income groups, HCWs with lower incomes were significantly (P<0.001) more likely to experience psychological issues. Males had lower BO and STS than female HCWs (P<0.001). Similarly, doctors had a lower STS than nurses (P<0.05). HCWs who worked hours per day longer had a heavier STS (P<0.001). Conclusion. This study shows low BO levels, moderate CS levels, and STS levels among HCWs. HCWs with lower salary were at a higher risk of mental distress due to the pandemic. HCWs who worked for long hours and had less income had more STS and BO. HCWs who were dissatisfied with their works had poor CS. Implications for Nursing Management. It is supposed that these results may help HCW managers to improve job satisfaction and rewards while reducing working hours and workload to improve the ProQOL of HCWs fighting COVID-19. The government should focus on the mental health of HCWs, enhancing their satisfaction and allocating sufficient resources.
To determine the association between caregiver characteristics and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with dementia (PWD) in a Taiwanese community-dwelling ...population.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using the data of 190 patients with Alzheimer's disease/dementia and 190 informal matched caregivers in Taiwan. BPSD were examined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q). Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore associations between caregiver characteristics and the presence, severity, and distress of NPI-Q items.
Only spouse primary caregiver was positively associated with presence of delusions in PWD. Caregiver education was positively correlated to severity of hallucinations, agitation/aggression, and apathy/indifference in PWD, while child primary caregiver was positively related to severity of disinhibition in PWD but negatively related to severity of anxiety in PWD. Spouse primary caregiver was positively related to severity of anxiety and appetite/eating in PWD while sole primary caregiver was positively related to severity of anxiety and nighttime behaviors in PWD. Caregiver education was positively correlated to distress of agitation/aggression in caregivers while child primary caregiver was positively related to distress of disinhibition in caregivers. Spouse primary caregiver was positively related to distress of anxiety and appetite/eating in caregivers while spouse caregiver was positively related to distress of nighttime behaviors in caregivers.
Caregiver education, child and spouse primary caregiver were relevant to severity of PWD and distress of caregivers of BPSD. It is suggested that healthcare professionals provide caregivers with proper individualized interventions based on these results to enhance caring quality.
Key points
Caregiver education was positively correlated to severity of hallucinations, agitation/aggression, and apathy/indifference, and distress of agitation/aggression.
Child primary caregiver was positively related to severity and distress of disinhibition but negatively related to severity of anxiety.
Spouse primary caregiver was positively related to severity and distress of anxiety and appetite/eating, and distress of nighttime behaviors
•Latent class analysis with distal outcomes with data from ages 18–40.•Patterns of substance use from ages 18 to 30 were associated with physical and mental health at age 40.•Extreme heavy users and ...cigarette smokers had significantly poorer overall health.•Developmentally-limited use in young adult was also associated with later problems.
This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of persistent or experimental heavy substance use across young adulthood were associated with physical and mental health in midlife.
Data (N = 21,347) from Monitoring the Future from adolescence (age 18) to midlife (age 40) were used. Repeated measures latent class analysis modeled patterns of patterns of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs across young adulthood (ages 18–30). Latent classes were then used as predictors of physical health problems, cognitive problems, self-rated health, and psychological problems in midlife (age 40), while controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, parental education).
Identified classes were “Extreme Heavy Users” (3.9%), “Early Young Adult Users” (8.9%), “Cigarette Smokers” (9.2%), “All But Cigarette Smokers” (5.0%), “Frequent Alcohol Bingers” (10.4%), and “Not-Heavy Users” (62.6%). Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, and Cigarette Smokers had significantly poorer overall health based on a number of physical conditions and self-rated health. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers had more cognitive problems than other classes. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers were more likely to see a health professional for a psychological problem.
Patterns of heavy substance use were associated with health across decades. Regular cigarette smokers and heavy users across substances and ages had the worst health in midlife, although even those with time-limited use during young adulthood were at risk for later physical and cognitive health problems.
The change process of psychological interventions is complex and should be understood with a systems perspective. This study sought to examine the network dynamics of self-compassion components and ...psychological symptoms during an intervention. A total of 139 participants completed daily assessments during a 28-day intervention. Utilizing multilevel vector autoregressive (VAR) model, temporal and contemporaneous networks were generated and group differences in network dynamics were evaluated through descriptive assessment and permutation tests. The intervention group displayed a significant increase in self-compassion and decrease in psychological symptoms, with self-compassion mediating the intervention effects on symptoms. Network analysis revealed some network dynamics that might be relevant to desirable therapeutic changes in the intervention group. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly less connected contemporaneous depression network, indicating a decreased vulnerability to symptom activation. Additionally, the intervention group showed significantly more temporal connections from self-compassion to anxiety, indicating an increased influence of self-compassion on anxiety. These findings suggest that the intervention may have reshaped the interconnection pattern of symptoms and that between self-compassion components and symptoms.
The study aimed to investigate the correlations between psychological symptoms in high-achieving students with performance-oriented assessment, parental psychological control, parental achievement ...pressure, perfectionism, and academic expectation stress. The study group consisted of 1134 science high school students (658 females 57.1%, 486 males 42.9%) aged between 14 and 19 years (mean = 16.26, SD = 0.871). In the research, the Classroom Assessment Environment Scale, Leuven Adolescent Perceived Parenting Scale, Parental Achievement Pressure Scale, Academic Expectation Stress Inventory, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were used as data collection tools. The research, using the correlational survey model, analyzed the data with structural equation modeling. In the structural model, performance-oriented assessment and parental psychological control significantly predicted parental achievement pressure, while parental achievement pressure significantly predicted perfectionism, academic expectation stress, and psychological symptoms. Parental achievement pressure had a mediating role in the relationship between performance-oriented assessment and parental psychological control with psychological symptoms. Performance-oriented assessment and parental psychological control indirectly predicted psychological symptoms mediated by parental achievement pressure, perfectionism, and academic expectation stress. Based on the multigroup structural equation model, it was also seen that the structural model did not differ by gender.
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Unified Protocol (UP) for transdiagnostic treatment of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, and ...treating the intensity of gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Another aim of the study was to test whether emotion regulation mediates the effect of UP.
Among 91 patients diagnosed with IBS (using ROME III criteria), 64 patients were eligible to participate in the study based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. These patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 32) that participated in 12 weekly UP treatment sessions or to a wait-list control group (n = 32). All patients completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) pre- and post-intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software.
The results of intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis indicated a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, stress, and gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as significant improvements in emotion regulation scores in the intervention group post intervention. All results were significant at P < .001. Mediation analyses indicated that changes in emotion regulation mediated the effect of UP on changes in emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms.
UP was effective and influential in emotion regulation among the intervention group and caused a decline in emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms. Hence, this intervention is promising, but larger RCTs are needed to more investigate its efficacy. Future studies could also examine the efficacy of the UP in other medical conditions with co-occurring psychological conditions.
The study is registered at the irct.ir database under registration number IRCT2017010431765N1.
•Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with IBS.•Unified protocol (UP) was designed to improve emotional disorders concurrently.•Up improved the emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms individuals with IBS.•Emotion regulation mediated the effect of UP on emotional and gastrointestinal symptoms.•UP can be applied as a complementary treatment to other medical treatments for IBS.
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