Background
Some studies suggest that children with language and learning disorders (LLDs) show more internalizing and externalizing problems than their peers. However, the available evidence remains ...inconsistent, especially regarding the conditions under which these psychological problems occur.
Methods
We performed a meta‐analysis of studies comparing children with LLDs and controls on internalizing (53 independent samples, 135 effect sizes) and externalizing problems (37 independent samples, 61 effect sizes) separately.
Results
Children with LLDs showed higher internalizing (Hedges’ g = 0.36) and externalizing problems (Hedges’ g = 0.42) than controls did. The group standardized difference in internalizing problems was moderated by the primary disorder, with children with language disorders showing more internalizing problems than those with reading disorders. The severity of the primary disorder, IQ, and age did not moderate Hedge’s g between children with LLDs and controls in internalizing and externalizing outcomes. The same pattern was found for gender as a moderator of Hedge’s g in internalizing problems, while findings for externalizing problems were inconclusive. The results were consistent when methodological variables were assessed, also for informant, sample size, and geographical area. Clinical samples with LLDs reported higher internalizing problems respect to those with difficulties, but findings on externalizing outcomes were limited. Similarly, results on the presence of additional symptoms in learning and language, self‐concept, and socioeconomic status were inconclusive, as few studies reported this information. Results were robust when publication bias, publication year, and study quality were assessed.
Conclusions
There is evidence that children with LLDs report higher internalizing and externalizing problems than controls do. Children with language disorders seemed more vulnerable to report more internalizing problems, and clinical samples reported higher problems than those with difficulties. For clinical practice, assessment and interventions should target socioemotional skills to support the psychological well‐being of children with LLDs.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the impact of campus housing problems faced by female expatriate students on their academic achievement. The study sample included 140 female students living in ...campus housing. The results showed that the value of the impact of campus housing problems on academic achievement reached a total weight of 7663 and a weighted relative weight of 60.82%, indicating a moderate level of impact. Psychological problems were ranked first at 35.01%, followed by social problems at 32.63%, and organizational problems at 32.3%. The study concludes several key problems faced by female expatriate students, including a lack of social support, difficult procedures for family visits and a lack of study resources within campus housing such as offices, stationery, ink, paper and printing. These problems have led to a poor level of academic achievement for female expatriate students.
The aim of this study from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence is to investigate the status of all individuals who had applied for gender confirming interventions from ...2007 to 2009, irrespective of whether they received treatment. The current article describes the study protocol, the effect of medical treatment on gender dysphoria and body image, and the predictive value of (pre)treatment factors on posttreatment outcomes.
Data were collected on medical interventions, transition status, gender dysphoria (Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale), and body image (Body Image Scale for transsexuals). In total, 201 people participated in the study (37% of the original cohort).
At follow-up, 29 participants (14%) did not receive medical interventions, 36 hormones only (18%), and 136 hormones and surgery (68%). Most transwomen had undergone genital surgery, and most transmen chest surgery. Overall, the levels of gender dysphoria and body dissatisfaction were significantly lower at follow-up compared with clinical entry. Satisfaction with therapy responsive and unresponsive body characteristics both improved. High dissatisfaction at admission and lower psychological functioning at follow-up were associated with persistent body dissatisfaction.
Hormone-based interventions and surgery were followed by improvements in body satisfaction. The level of psychological symptoms and the degree of body satisfaction at baseline were significantly associated with body satisfaction at follow-up.
Background: The negative impact of anxiety on the mother is changes in the behavior of pregnant women such as diet, lifestyle or physical activity, resulting in labor complications, anxiety problems ...in the puerperium period. While the impact on the baby such as stunted fetal growth, preterm birth, asphyxia, Low Birth Weight (LBW) and can even cause death in the baby.
Objective: To review scientific evidence based on published articles related to the health behavior of pregnant women with psychological problems and disorders.
Methods: This research method was a scoping review, using PEO framework. Literature search used PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and grey literature using Google Scholar and Research Rabbit. Articles were critically appraised by using JBI and MMAT critical appraisal tools.
Results: There were 7 articles out of 7,796 that were relevant to the research objectives. The articles come from 4 developed countries and 3 developing countries. Three themes were found namely health behavior, the impact of anxiety, and stress reduction strategy.
Conclusion: Based on the 7 articles obtained, the health behavior of pregnant women is in accordance with the objective are knowing compliance with ANC visits in pregnant women, knowing health behavior related to consumption of nutritious food in pregnant women, knowing the physical activity of pregnant women with psychological problems and disorders.
Background
Subclinical depressive symptoms are highly prevalent among adolescents and are associated with negative consequences, which may pose an economic burden for society. We conducted a ...prevalence‐based cost‐of‐illness study using a societal perspective to investigate the cost‐of‐illness of subclinical depressive symptoms among adolescents.
Methods
Using a bottom‐up approach, cost questionnaires were assessed to measure costs from 237 Dutch families with an adolescent aged 11–18 with subclinical depressive symptoms (of which 34 met the criteria of a depressive disorder). The study is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Trial NL5584/NTR6176; www.trialregister.nl/trial/5584).
Results
Our calculations show that adolescents with subclinical depressive symptoms cost the Dutch society more than €42 million annually, expressed in costs related to depressive symptoms. Secondary analyses were performed to test the reliability and stability of the costs. When costs related to psychological problems were considered, the annual costs amounted to €67 million. The total societal costs related to physical problems amounted to approximately €126 million. All costs combined (depressive, psychological, behavioural and physical problems and other reasons) amounted to a €243 million. Total costs were highest for physical‐related problems of the adolescent (52% of the total costs), followed by psychological (28%), depressive (17%) and behavioural problems (1%). Using an international prevalence rate, societal costs related to depressive symptoms resulted in €54 million a year.
Conclusions
Cost‐effective prevention programmes seem warranted given the high societal costs and risk of future costs as subclinical depressive symptoms could be a precursor of clinical depression later in life.
To investigate the effects of visual art therapy (VAT) on cognitive and psychological outcomes and explore the crucial design characteristics of VAT that might be associated with greater cognitive ...benefits among older adults.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Peer reviewed articles were searched from Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, Ovid Nursing database, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, and CINAHL Complete from inception of the databases to September 2019.
This review and meta-analysis was conducted and reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to examine the risk of bias of the studies. Narrative synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis were performed.
Twelve articles published between 2004-2019 involving 831 participants were identified. VAT significantly improved global cognitive function compared with different control groups (Hedges' g = 0.348 95% CI = 0.026-0.671, p = .034, I
= 66.570%). VAT also demonstrated psychological benefits in reducing depressive symptoms and anxiety. By systematic comparison of the intervention designs, it seems that those with greater cognitive benefit involved a higher level of creativity and optimized the use of essential components including art education, reminiscence, art processing, cognitive evaluation, art crafts/modelling, and socialization.
Visual art therapy could be effective in improving cognitive functions and the associated psychological symptoms. Therefore, it can be adopted as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for preventing cognitive decline and dementia.
This review answers the key question about the pooled effect of VAT as nonpharmacological therapy on preventing or managing dementia. In addition, it informs on the design characteristics of an effective VAT for implementing among older adults. This research will have an impact on the gerontological care and support the evidence about non-pharmacological approaches to prevent and manage dementia.
To date, more than 11 million Syrians have been forced from their homes due to the civil war in that country. However, little research has been done on adolescent Syrian refugees. This study aimed to ...fill that gap in the research literature by examining how adolescent Syrian refugees cope with the harsh situation of having fled from their homes. We explored how personal capital factors, sense of coherence (SOC), wishes, and expectations, as well as socio-demographic and situational factors, contribute to a variety of mental health and psychological problems, namely, internalizing and externalizing problems and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Data were gathered from 110 adolescents aged 13-18 of whom 50.9% were boys. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires that asked about demographics, exposure to war, appraisal of danger, receiving aid, SOC, wishes, and expectations. They also completed the Achenbach Youth Form. The results show that girls appraised their situation as more dangerous and reported more internalizing, externalizing, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. By contrast, boys reported more exposure to war experiences and stronger SOC. Younger adolescents reported stronger SOC, while older adolescents reported more psychological problems. The adolescents who had more recently arrived in the refugee camp were in better condition, thereby reporting stronger SOC, higher expectations, and fewer psychological problems. The amount of time spent in the refugee camp, gender, exposure to war situations, and appraisal of danger all contributed to the explained variance in the different psychological problems. However, once the personal resource SOC was entered into the model, it mediated the relationships between all of the socio-demographic and situational variables, on the one hand, and the examined psychological problems, on the other. The results are discussed based on the personal-capital model of salutogenesis and its relations with traumatic stress.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents two urgent health problems: the illness caused by the virus itself and the anxiety, panic and psychological problems associated with the pandemic. Both ...problems present substantial challenges for our patients, their families, our multidisciplinary teams and our psychiatrist colleagues. We need good psychiatry, now more than ever.
Objectives Describe the differences among the three distinct classes of symptoms in patients with end-stage liver disease. Describe the three distinct classes of symptoms in context of patent ...characteristics and disease severity. Importance. To date, patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) have been categorized by disease severity. This is the first step to identify symptom classes in patients with ESLD based on symptom grouping and not based on disease state. Objective. To identify distinct classes of physical and psychological symptoms among patients with ESLD without liver cancer. Methods. Adult patients with a MELD-Na score $15 were recruited from hepatology clinics of two healthcare organizations as part of a longitudinal study (1R01NR016017, NINR). At baseline patients completed the 14-item Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (CMSAS) and 10-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Using these data, latent class mixture modeling, ANOVA, and chi-square testing were used to address the objective. Results. The sample (n¼154, age 56.411.1 years) was predominantly male (65.6%), Caucasian (88.4%), CTP class B (55.8%) and C (38.6%) with an average MELD-Na score of 17.04.2 and a mix of etiologies (34.4% ETOH, 24.7% NASH, 26.6% viral). Three distinct classes of symptoms were identified: 25.8% of patients had mild, 39.5% had moderate, and 34.7% had more severe symptoms. All 14 CMSAS symptoms were significantly different across 3 classes (all p-values <0.05) but the classes did not differ by PHQ-9 score (p¼0.769). The greatest differentiators among the 3 classes were lack of energy (eta2 ¼0.48), worrying (eta2 ¼0.40), and feeling sad (eta2 ¼0.39). There was no difference across the symptom classes in gender, etiology, MELD-Na or CTP score. Patients in the mild class were slightly older compared with patients in the severe class (60.211.4 years vs. 54.711 years, p¼0.048). Conclusion(s). Symptom severity occurred independent of disease severity, contrary to common assumptions. Impact. Future research should examine interactions of symptoms within each class and the stability of symptoms over time to allow for more targeted and efficient symptom class management strategies in this population.
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