Based on the leadership-member exchange perspective, this study proposes that subordinates are more likely to express their voice in a leader-supported work environment, and this relationship is ...stronger when they have close social ties with their supervisor. In the case of subordinates supported by supervisors, public service motivation serves as a psychological mechanism to promote them to express voice behavior. This study also explains the boundary effect of the supervisor-subordinate’s guanxi perspective in affecting supervisor support and subordinate’s voice behavior. A longitudinal survey of 136 front-line public officers has been conducted to check this theoretical model in China, and their data verified the moderated-mediation model results. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.
Public health and social interventions are critical to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Ethiopia has implemented a variety of public health and social measures ...to control the pandemic. This study aimed to assess social distancing and public health preventive practices of government employees in response to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,573 government employees selected from 46 public institutions located in Addis Ababa. Data were collected from 8.sup.th to 19.sup.th June 2020 using a paper-based self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with outcome variables (perceived effectiveness of facemask wearing to prevent coronavirus infection, and COVID-19 testing). Majority of the participants reported facemask wearing (96%), avoiding close contact with people including handshaking (94.8%), consistently followed government recommendations (95.6%), frequent handwashing (94.5%), practiced physical distancing (89.5%), avoided mass gatherings and crowded places (88.1%), restricting movement and travelling (71.8%), and stayed home (35.6%). More than 80% of the participants perceived that consistently wearing a facemask is highly effective in preventing coronavirus infection. Respondents from Oromia perceived less about the effectiveness of wearing facemask in preventing coronavirus infection (adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI:0.17-0.45). About 19% of the respondents reported that they had ever tested for COVID-19. Respondents between 40-49 years old (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95% CI:0.22-0.76) and 50-66 years (adjusted OR = 0.43, 95% CI:0.19-0.95) were less likely tested for coronavirus than the younger age groups. Similarly, respondents from Oromia were less likely to test for coronavirus (adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI:0.12-0.56) than those from national level. Participants who were sure about the availability of COVID-19 testing were more likely to test for coronavirus. About 57% of the respondents perceived that the policy measures in response to the pandemic were inadequate. The findings showed higher social distancing and preventive practices among the government employees in response to COVID-19. Rules and regulations imposed by the government should be enforced and people should properly apply wearing facemasks, frequent handwashing, social and physical distancing measures as a comprehensive package of COVID-19 prevention and control strategies.
Many countries face challenges as they seek to sustain a social care sector that provides quality support and is financially viable. Two key areas of contention are how best to structure social care ...and who is best placed to deliver it. We draw on data from Scotland as a case study to unpack these arguments. Scotland is well placed to examine these debates as it seeks to reform social care through the establishment of a National Care Service and a human rights-based approach. Through data collected with disabled people's organisations, the third sector, social workers, and other public sector workers, we explore the tensions this has created. The data show that while the proposals are welcomed, questions remain as to what these will mean in practice and how this will differ from previous changes in social care legislation. We locate these arguments within broader international evidence to examine the implications. Keywords: social care reform, personalisation, disability policy
Purpose: Based on the three-dimensional model of Meyer and Allen (1991), this study outlined organizational commitment profiles (OCP) for public service workers working at two federal universities, ...as well as sociodemographic and occupational characteristics associated with these profiles. Originality/value: OCP emerged as part of the Brazilian research scenario on organizational commitment (OC), as well as discussions that approached the implications of such profiles, in the public sector and public higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology included quantitative, descriptive, and field-based approaches. In the study, 470 respondents worked in administrative areas of two federal universities in Northeast Brazil in three occupational categories: technical servants, managers, and outsourced workers. The techniques used were exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Findings: As a basis for modeling the factorial structure of the OC scale (affective, normative, and continuance dimensions), four OCP were identified: uncommitted, affective-continuance commitment, moderate, and affectively committed. The uncommitted were primarily men and workers with less job tenure. The majority of the affective-continuance commitment and affectively committed were occupied by technical public servants and outsourced workers, while managers concentrated on the affective-continuance commitments. Keywords: organizational commitment profiles, federal universities, public sector, survey, quantitative research Objetivo: Esta pesquisa objetivou delinear os perfis de comprometimento organizacional (PCO) de diferentes trabalhadores do servico publico, em duas universidades federais, tomando como base o modelo tridimensional de Meyer e Allen (1991), e discutir caracteristicas sociodemograficas e ocupacionais associadas a tais perfis. Originalidade/valor: Os resultados permitiram a emergencia de novos PCO no cenario de pesquisa brasileiro sobre comprometimento organizacional (CO), assim como discussoes que abordam as implicacoes de tais perfis, considerando o cenario do setor publico e das instituicoes de ensino superior (IES) publicas. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e de campo. O campo de pesquisa foi constituido por 470 respondentes de tres categorias ocupacionais distintas: servidores tecnicos, gestores e terceirizados, atuantes em areas administrativas de duas universidades federais do Nordeste. Utilizaram-se as seguintes tecnicas: analise fatorial exploratoria e analise de perfis latentes. Resultados: Considerando a estrutura fatorial da escala de CO (dimensoes afetiva, normativa e de continuacao), foram delineados quatro PCO: descomprometidos; comprometidos de combinacao afetivo-continuacao; moderados; e comprometidos afetivamente. Os trabalhadores com menor tempo de servico e do genero masculino predominaram entre os descomprometidos. Os servidores tecnicos e os terceirizados predominaram entre os comprometidos de combinacao afetivo-continuacao e os comprometidos afetivamente, enquanto os gestores concentraram-se entre os comprometidos de combinacao afetivo-continuacao. Palavras-chave: perfis de comprometimento organizacional, universidades federais, setor publico, survey, pesquisa quantitativa
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant emerged shortly after COVID-19 vaccines became available in 2021. We describe SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in a highly vaccinated, well-monitored US Embassy ...community in Kampala, Uganda. Defining breakthrough infection rates in highly vaccinated populations can help determine public health messaging, guidance, and policy globally.
"The research analyses the leadership styles prac ticed in the Romanian public administration, the gender differences regarding the practiced leader ship and in terms of exhibiting behaviors that ...could lead to the development of civil servants’ resilience, trying to investigate the relation between leadership, gender, and resilience. The paper contributes to the scientific literature in the field by analyzing three concepts that are not usually explored together and especially in the public administration. The research methodology consists of a sociological survey con ducted in the Romanian public administration where 766 civil servants agreed to participate. The research revealed that the studied leaders present a mix of characteristics where transforma tional and transactional behaviors are predominant. Regarding gender differences, both men and wom en are considered to lead in a similar manner, but a higher preference for male leaders was observed. Men’s leadership behaviors are better appreciated, indicating the presence of gender stereotypes and a certain level of prejudice against women. The studied leaders possess the necessary character istics for developing civil servants’ resilience, being perceived as exhibiting supportive, encouraging, and motivating attitudes when their subordinates faced difficult moments in their careers. Also, the exis tence of a direct relation between transformational leadership and resilience was observed."
Purpose of the Study: This paper investigates high performers as those who are highly competent and possess the necessary skills for a job. In conducting businesses globally, public employees are ...also exposed to diverse cultural situations. Due to cultural challenges and complexities, public sector employees in Malaysia need to embrace the right capabilities to deal effectively with global customers. One of the key managerial competencies needed for dealing effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds is cultural intelligence or cultural quotient (CQ). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CQ, task performance, and contextual performance in a cross-cultural context. Methodology: The data used for this study is derived from the questionnaire survey distributed among Malaysian public service employees in two selected government agencies. A total number of 174 valid responses were successfully obtained. Data were analyzed using Partial Lease Square (PLS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results showed that knowledge CQ and drive CQ have positive influence on employees’ task performance and contextual performance. The findings of this study have important implications for organizations. Our study provides empirical evidence that CQ can serve as a predictor for employee’s work performance in a cross-cultural situation. Implications: This study implements a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge in the fields of human resource management and cross-cultural management studies in Malaysia. It also augments the growing corpus of literature related to the concept of CQ and individual work performance. Human resource management (HRM) should focus on developing employee’s CQ so that they are able to connect and adapt in any global business environment. CQ can be enhanced through proper guidance, training, and development programs.
Migrant workers greatly contributing to China’s industrialization and urbanization are confronted with increasing health risks. This study empirically investigates the effects of public employment ...services on the self-rated health of migrant workers in Shanghai China, by using data from the National Bureau of Statistics from 2015 to 2020. The estimation results under the Ordered Probit model illustrate that public employment services significantly improve the self-rated health of migrant workers, and vocational training, job development and other related services show an apparently positive correlation with the self-rated health. The marginal effect analysis reveals that public employment services obviously reduce the probability of health satisfaction as “average”, “relatively satisfied” and “relatively dissatisfied”, which translate into a significant increase in the probability of “very satisfied”. The mechanism analysis verifies that public employment services enhance the self-rated health by increasing the proportion of medical insurance and injury insurance of migrant workers. The results are still reliable by adopting the methods of subsample regression, Propensity Score Matching and variable substitution to conduct robustness checks. This study further enriches the literature on public employment services and the health status of migrant workers, and provides policy implications on improving the health status of migrant workers and the public employment service system of China under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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