Samples of the iron oxides Fe0.94O, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and Fe2SiO4 were prepared by high temperature equilibration in controlled gas atmospheres. The samples were fractured in vacuum and high resolution ...XPS spectra of the fractured surfaces were measured. The peak positions and peak shape parameters of Fe 3p for Fe2+ and Fe3+ were derived from the Fe 3p XPS spectra of the standard samples of 2FeO*SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively. Using these parameters, the Fe 3p peaks of Fe3O4 and Fe1-yO are analysed. The results indicate that high resolution XPS techniques can be used to determine the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios in metal oxides. The technique has the potential for application to other transition metal oxide systems.
Although two of the madrigals from his Third Book of 1615 end in lovelorn questions, Sigismondo d'India furnishes one of them with a far stronger final cadence than the other. To understand why, this ...corpus study investigates the expressive meaning of cadences in a quantitative analysis of the 85 madrigals that d'India published within his first five books (1606–16). Three determinants of cadential strength-cadence type, fullness, and modal degree of resolution-test the hypothesis that the cadences which d'India employs at the close of interrogative sentences will tend to be weaker than those he employs at the close of other sentences. The results are consistent with the argument that d'India sought to account for the sense and intonation of an interrogative sentence when setting it to music, yet also suggest that such concerns sometimes conflicted with his obligation to present a coherent musical structure.
ZusammenfassungDie psychische und emotionale Erschöpfung von Sozialarbeiter*innen wird längsschnittlich, im Vergleich mit anderen Berufsgruppen und innerhalb der Berufsgruppe im Alters- und ...Geschlechtsvergleich untersucht. Es zeigt sich eine psychische hohe Erschöpfung im Vergleich aller Beschäftigten, jedoch eine eher geringe psychische Erschöpfung im Vergleich der Sozialberufe, wobei die emotionale Erschöpfung ähnlich hoch ist. Wie in anderen Sozialberufen sind Frauen erschöpfter als Männer und junge Beschäftigte erschöpfter als jene im mittleren oder höheren Alter. Gezeigt werden Belastungsfaktoren der Überforderung und eines geringen Einflusses auf die Arbeitsmenge, sowie Resilienzfaktoren im Vergleich der Berufsgruppen. Hier nehmen Sozialarbeiter*innen im Vergleich aller Berufe eine hohe soziale Unterstützung im Kollegium wahr, während in der Unterstützung durch Vorgesetzte nur durchschnittliche Werte aller Berufsgruppen erreicht werden. Die Sozialarbeiter*innen werden in vier Gruppen kategorisiert, darunter die psychische und emotional besonders wenig sowie die besonders stark belastete Gruppe. Multivariat werden Faktoren ermittelt, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zugehörigkeit zur besonders wenig belasteten Gruppe im Gegensatz zur besonders belasteten Gruppe verändern. Es zeigen sich in einem Modell mit hoher erklärter Varianz positive Effekte durch das Kollegium sowie durch Vorgesetzte und stark negative Effekte durch die qualitative und quantitative Überforderung. Das Gefühl, die eigene Tätigkeit sei wichtig, wirkt schwach negativ und kann nicht als Resilienzfaktor gelten. Die Kombination von hoher Erschöpfung in der jüngsten Gruppe, geringer subjektiver Unterstützung dieser Gruppe durch Kollegium und Vorgesetzte sowie die positive Wirkung dieser Unterstützung auf eine geringe Erschöpfung, legt nahe, dass sowohl die mentale Gesundheit junger Sozialarbeiter*innen sowie die Fachkräftesicherung von einer stärkeren Unterstützung dieser Gruppe profitieren könnte.
Background: Studies have demonstrated the correlation between fractional anisotropy (FA) and functional outcomes in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but there are a few studies correlating ...microstructural and macroscopic features in the healthy population. The primary objective of this study is to find whether there is any significant relation between macrostructural and microstructural characteristics of cervical spinal cord magnetic resonance (MR) images of the healthy population. Methods: We conducted a quantitative analysis on the spine generic public data set containing 260 healthy multi-subject MRI scans using the latest spinal cord toolbox. We experimented with T2w images to derive shape characteristics (cross-sectional area of the cord, space available for the cord) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to extract diffusion metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity). After the preprocessing of extracted features, we proceeded with the Pearson correlation between each DWI metric and T2w macroscopic measurements; with more interest in finding the correlation between FA and space available for the cord / cross-sectional area (SAC/CSA). Results: There was moderate correlation between SAC/CSA and FA (r = 0.35), with moderate correlations, highly moderate, moderate, and slightly moderate to low correlations (r = 0.38, r = 0.33, r = 0.48, r = 0.40, r = 0.28) between SAC/CSA and FA in the male and female categories and the subgroups of images acquired with GE, Philips and Siemens MRI machines, respectively. In total, the correlations were computed for 12 various subcategories of images ranging from slightly moderate to low (r = 0.27) to highly moderate (r = 0.53) correlations, with a p value of 0.001 for all experiments. Conclusion: The relationships between anatomic and microstructural characteristics of the cervical spinal cord in the healthy population are presented. Results demonstrate a potential relationship between FA and SAC/CSA. These findings suggest that microstructural measurements might be used as a screening tool in addition to macroscopic features in populations suspected of SCI. The sensibility and threshold values of DWI metrics would need more clarification in the future. Further studies are required to evaluate the progression of the disease and its correlation with quantitative measurements.
Abstract
Creation of large diachronic text corpora triggered studies of evolution of natural languages using quantitative methods in the last decade. For the first time, it became possible to raise ...questions about general patterns of lexical semantic change. In the work by W. Hamilton et al., 2016, a hypothesis was formulated about a more rapid change in the meanings of polysemic words. In this paper, we consider how frequency of words influence variations of semantic metrics. We use explicit word vector representations and Jensen-Shannon divergence as a measure of change in the distribution and semantics of a word. The obtained results show that changes in the frequency ratio of a word in different meanings can themselves lead to a change in a word distribution, even in the absence of any changes in its meaning. Therefore, the observations made in the work by W. Hamilton et al about correlation between the rate of change of words and their local cluster coefficient in the semantic connection network (considered as a quantitative measure of polysemy) can be fully explained by the effect described in the article.
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