•Students can benefit from exploration of definitions in atypical contexts.•Students should investigate geometric and algebraic representations of concepts.•Real-life situated problems can benefit ...students’ mathematical understanding.•Students can deepen understanding through discovery in Taxicab geometry.•Observing properties of mathematical objects in various geometries can be valuable.
Definitions in mathematics are an integral part of understanding concepts and are often not used correctly by students in mathematical proofs and problem-solving situations. Research shows that by observing properties and making conjectures in non-Euclidean geometry, students can better develop their understanding of concepts in Euclidean geometry. For this study, Taxicab geometry (defined by Taxicab distance, or the L1 norm) was introduced to students enrolled in a College Geometry course at a university. Action-Process-Object-Schema (APOS) Theory was used as a guiding framework in the data analysis of responses from eleven secondary mathematics teachers to a real-life problem situated in Taxicab geometry. This report provides illustrations of the conceptual understanding of midset (known as a perpendicular bisector in Euclidean geometry) found among participants and suggestions for teaching material to help facilitate development of a deeper understanding of definitions in geometry.
The mirror neuron system (MNS), mainly including the premotor cortex (PMC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), superior parietal lobule (SPL), and rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), has attracted ...extensive attention as a possible neural mechanism of social interaction. Owing to high ecological validity, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become an ideal approach for exploring the MNS. Unfortunately, for the feasibility of fNIRS to detect the MNS, none of the four dominant regions were found in previous studies, implying a very limited capacity of fNIRS to investigate the MNS. Here, we adopted an experimental paradigm in a real-life situation to evaluate whether the MNS activity, including four dominant regions, can be detected by using fNIRS. Specifically, 30 right-handed subjects were asked to complete a table-setting task that included action execution and action observation. A double density probe configuration covered the four regions of the MNS in the left hemisphere. We used a traditional channel-based group analysis and also a ROI-based group analysis to find which regions are activated during both action execution and action observation. The results showed that the IFG, adjacent PMC, SPL, and IPL were involved in both conditions, indicating the feasibility of fNIRS to detect the MNS. Our findings provide a foundation for future research to explore the functional role of the MNS in social interaction and various disorders using fNIRS.
A model of a decision problem frames that problem in three dimensions: sample space, target probability and information structure. Each specific model imposes a specific rational decision. As a ...result, different models may impose different, even contradictory, rational decisions, creating choice ‘anomalies’ and ‘paradoxes’. So, decision making in real-life situations is different from decision making in an experiment. An experiment is a designed setting according to an experimenter’s model of the decision problem, while for a real-life situation it is not always obvious what the design is. A subject in an experiment may initially have a different model of the task than the experimenter and thus possibly make apparently irrational decisions from the experimenter’s model perspective. As a consequence a choice anomaly can be eliminated by learning what the experiment’s model is.
Textbooks and instruction materials are one of the most important components in any language classrooms all over the world. Considering the significant role of textbook in teaching/learning process, ...it is therefore very important to conduct EFL textbook evaluation so as to ensure ELT textbooks can effectively facilitate the attainment of the teaching objectives, and at the same time, be economically viable to teachers and students. The present study has attempted to evaluate the Iranian pre- university ELT textbook. To the end, four research questions were posed to determine whether the language used in the pre-university English textbook is authentic, whether the conversations, grammar rules, vocabulary words and expressions presented in this book are used in real-life situations, whether the activities and exercises included in the book are appropriate for communicative learning, and whether the texts, examples, and illustrations of this book are variable enough. Four EFL teachers and 335 pre-university students participated in this study. The evaluation was carried out through an ESL textbook evaluation checklist by Joshua Miekley (2005). The questions take the form of Likert scale. Rating scaled are numerically coded as 1--totally lacking, 2--poor, 3--adequate, 4 good, 5--excellent. Following the submission of the questionnaire, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS which revealed unforeseen results that the participants were not mostly satisfied about this English textbook, because the calculated mean for all the questions were below 3. Therefore the four null-hypotheses were supported. Index Terms--material, textbook, evaluation, authentic language, real-life situation
With general practice recognized as one of three major subjects in the Tromsø medical school curriculum, a matching examination counterpart was needed. The aim was to develop and implement an ...examination in an authentic general practice setting for final-year medical students. In a general practice surgery, observed by two examiners and one fellow student, the student performs a consultation with a consenting patient who would otherwise have consulted his/her general practitioner (GP). An oral examination follows. It deals with the consultation process, the observed communication between "doctor" and patient, and with clinical problem-solving, taking today's patient as a starting point. The session is closed by discussion of a public-health-related question. Since 2004 the model has been evaluated through questionnaires to students, examiners, and patients, and through a series of review meetings among examiners and students. Examination in general practice using unselected, consenting patients mimics real life to a high degree. It constitutes one important element in a comprehensive assessment process. This is considered to be an acceptable and appropriate way of testing the students before graduation.
U ovom radu autori se bave kritičkom analizom nekih problema vezanih uz PISA testiranje iz matematike. Prije svega ukazano je na društvene, ekonomske i političke okolnosti pokretanja PISA projekta. ...Zatim su analizirani, po mišljenju autora, vrlo važni pojmovi za razumijevanje PISA filozofije, a to su primjenjivo znanje i rješavanje problema u stvarnoj životnoj situaciji. Usporedili smo dva različita načina definiranja ovih pojmova i pokazali koje su posljedice po učenje i nastavu matematike u oba slučaja. Izložili smo rezultate istraživanja koje smo proveli s nastavnicima matematike, ali i nastavnicima drugih predmeta. Istraživanje se odnosilo na utvrđivanje značaja i uloge matematičkih zadataka PISA testa za daljnje matematičko obrazovanje učenika. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da postoji statistički značajna razlika između procjena nastavnika koji predaju i nastavnika koji ne predaju matematiku. U radu smo analizirali i konkretne zadatke koje su učenici rješavali na PISA testiranju. Ukazali smo na izvjesne nedostatke i nepreciznosti matematičkih zadataka PISA testova, kao i na slabosti samog PISA testiranja.
Cette thèse de sociologie cherche à montrer la relation ambivalente que des personnes handicapées visuelles, aveugles ou malvoyantes, nouent avec leur agglomération, ici l’agglomération chambérienne. ...Dans un premier temps, elle montre que l’espace urbain est pour ces personnes handicapées un espace de fermeture : sa lecture, sa connaissance, son utilisation sont restreintes, soumises à des impératifs comme la canne, la technique de locomotion, l’utilisation d’outils mis à leur intention dans la ville. La vie dans l’espace privé n’échappe à de multiples contraintes. La perte de vue malmène la sécurité ontologique, altérée par la souffrance et souvent la solitude. Et pourtant, l’espace urbain est l’espace où les personnes handicapées visuelles peuvent vivre et se déplacer en autonomie. Cette autonomie est l’œuvre de deux types d’acteurs : d’une part la ville, qui réalise les aménagements urbains d’accessibilité, des chaines d’accessibilité prévus par la loi, parfois antérieurement à la loi, comme c’est le cas de la ville de Chambéry, récompensée pour son action en faveur des personnes handicapées et d’autre part les personnes handicapées elles-mêmes qui doivent conquérir leur autonomie au prix d’un travail personnel exigeant. ‘’Il faut apprendre mon métier le personne handicapée’’, a dit l’une des personnes interviewées. La conquête de son autonomie s’apparente au ‘’cas de la chose réelle’’. Cette conquête ne considère pas seulement le côté environnemental et situationnel du handicap, mais place la personne aveugle ou malvoyante dans une spécificité vis à vis de l’espace urbain. L’extension à l’analyse sociologique de la théorie écologique de Gibson relative à la perception propose de considérer les personnes handicapées visuelles dans une relation spécifique avec l’espace urbain, qui évoque le concept de niche écologique.
This thesis in sociology aims at describing the ambivalent relationship that visually impaired persons, whether they are blind or partially sighted, develop with their urban area, here that of Chambery.First, it shows that, for these disabled persons, urban space is a space where they feel locked in : the reading, the knowledge, the use of this space are restricted, submitted to imperatives such as the walking stick, the locomotion technique, the use of tools provided for them by the city. Living in the private space is also subject to many constraints. The loss of eyesight reduces ontological safety, which is altered by pain and often by loneliness.And yet urban space is the space where visually impaired persons can live and move self- autonomously. Their autonomy is made possible by two actors: on the one hand, the city which carries out urban improvements in its accessibility to conform to the law- sometimes even before the bill was passed as is the case with the city of Chambery which was rewarded for its achievements in favour of disabled persons ; on the other hand, the disabled persons themselves who need to conquer their autonomy at the expense of demanding personal efforts. “ I have to learn my job as a disabled person”, said one of them in an interview. Conquering one’s autonomy shows similarities to ‘’the real-life situation’’…. This conquest not only takes into account the environmental and situational aspect of the handicap, but it also places the blind or partially impaired person in a specific position with regard to urban space. An extension to the sociological analysis of Gibson’s ecological theory relating to perception proposes to consider visually impaired persons in a specific relationship with urban space, conjuring up the concept of ecological niche.
"탈식민주의시" 교육방법에 대한 연구 오정훈; Jeong Hun Oh
Kugŏ kyoyuk,
02/2013, Volume:
140
Journal Article
The concern for post-colonial poetry education could achieve the ultimate cultural equality and interactive relationships while claiming to advocate a universal multiculturalism by departing from the ...logic of the West-centered cultural hierarchy. As long as the colonialism committed by military invasion in the past, and the neocolonialism on the basis of understandable cultural supremacy, as an extension of the colonialism, last, it`s difficult to break away from the trend to make light of one`s culture, negation of cultural legitimacy, and cultural toadyism. Accordingly, it is hoped that the paradigm shift to the understanding of the iniquity of culture power and supporting of the identity of the minority culture through the post-colonial poetry education will be helpful in accomplishing a universal ideal for which the world culture has to aim.
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