A study was carried out at the Yongka Western Highlands Research Garden Park, NkwenBamenda in Cameroon to evaluate the effect of substrates on the germination and seedling emergence of sunflower ...(Helianthus annuus L.). Seeds of African Giant variety were used with six substrate media (sawdust, sand, soil, sawdustsand, sawdustsoil and sandsoil). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. Germinated seeds were counted daily for a 15 days period. To estimate seedling emergence from two Weeks After Sowing (WAS) up to four WAS, data on seedling height and number of leaves were recorded. The results showed that germination started 8 days after sowing for all substrates. Germination rate was significantly affected by the substrates but the rates were less than 80%. The highest germination rate was recorded on the soil substrate (75%) while the lowest rate (25%) was recorded on the sawdust substrate. Seedlings on the sawdust substrate were also less vigorous and had less leaves (12.67 cm height and 4.7 leaves) than those on other substrates at four WAS (50–63 cm and 12.6–15.3 leaves). Based on the results, it is recommendable to use the soil substrate to nurse African Giant seeds.
Response of Two Sunflower (Helianthus sp.) Varieties to Poultry Manure Fertilization on a Hapli-Humic Ferralsol at the Yongka Western Highlands Research Garden-Park (YWHRGP) Nkwen-Bamenda, Cameroon, ...Central Africa. An experiment on a Hapli-Humic Ferralsol was conducted at the YWHRGP, Nkwen-Bamenda, to evaluate the response of two sunflower varieties (Helianthus sp.) to five levels of poultry manure (0; 1.2; 2.8; 4.2 and 5.6 Tons/ha). Italian White and African Giant varieties were used. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three and six replications for African Giant and Italian White varieties, respectively. Poultry manure was analyzed and growth, development and yield parameters were collected. The acid soil (pH≤5.5) showed nutrient deficiencies. The poultry manure (pH=7.8) is rich in essential nutrients and had a significant effect on sunflower growth parameters. The 4.2 Tons/ha manure level maximised growth and yield parameters of the African Giant variety. For the Italian White variety, 5.6 Tons/ha manure level gave a head weight yield (0.74 Tons/ha) lower than that of the African Giant (1.33 Tons/ha). Significant differences were also observed between the two varieties. However, the African Giant variety appears to be more adapted for seed production, while the Italian White variety appears to be best indicated for use as an ornamental plant or to produce cut flowers.
Choosing the correct planting density is vitally important for maximizing the yield potential of the plantation. For the highest possible yields of good quality fruit, there is an optimum plant ...density which should be maintained for the life of the plantation. This optimum, however, varies for each particular locality, cultivar, soil type and management level. This experiment was carried out from banana (var. Dwarf Cavendish) with four replications and five treatments consist of (3×2, 2×2.5, 2×2, 2×1.5, 1.5×1.5m) in Zarabad Research Garden is located in 185km western of Chabahar for four years(2005-2008). The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block design. During four years we studied vegetative and generative processes for treatments. The results of combined analysis showed that survival percentage of suckers and number of their leaves werenot significant at the 1% and 5% levels. The spacing of banana plants (2×1/5), (1.5×1.5) were the most survival percentage with 91%, 89.5% and the spacing of banana plant 3×2m was the least survival percentag with 71.25%. The results of combined analysis showed that weight of leaf, plant height, stem diameter, weight and length of banana bunch, lenghth and number of fruits in each bunch were significant at 5%. At distance 3×2m we had the biggest bunches and fruit size. At distance 1.5×1.5m total yield per hectar increased due to the greater number of bunches, however, in put costs per hectar also increased. On the basis of the results gained from this research the best planting distances for establishment of banana garden (var. Dwarf Cavendish) in Zarabad weather conditions is 3×2m (3m between rows and 2m between plants).
Ad purpose to access of the most suitable planting time or times of banana (var. Dwarf Cavendish) and it's effects on survival and quantity characteristics and quality of banana this experiment was ...carried out with three replications and twelve treatments in Zarabad Research Garden is located in Konarak county for two and half years (2005-2007). The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block design. At this experiment we use 40m2 plot and within every plot we planted 12 suckers by distance 2×1.5m. survival and number of suckers that were produced from mother plant measured after 15, 45, 90 and 150 days after planting and average of four measurements stage calculated. During this project all of cultivation applies was carried out on the base of final results of researches. Characters were measured and registered like height of plant, period of planting till flowering, number of leaf, width of the biggest leaf, length and weight of bunch, the hand and number of fruit in bunch. Results showed that there are very significant different between the number of sucker was produced in different planting times. The most number of sucker belong to 6 October and 6 September 2005 and the least number of sucker belong to 6 April and 6 May2005. Also survival percentage, period of planting till flowering, bunch weight, height of plant and the number of leaf had very significant different between planting times. survival percentage was different for example 6 August, 6 November and 6 March in 2005 are the best date of planting times with 98.17 ,98 and 98 percentage of survival. Planting on 6 June and 6 July 2005 were the least survival percentage. Planting on 6 December after 318 days and planting on 6 February2005 after 421 days in sequence are the least and the most time of planting till flowering. Planting on 6 August and 6 March have the most positive effects on weight and length of banana bunch, length and number of fruits in each bunch.
