No library can buy or hold everything its patrons need. At a certain point, librarians need to pool their resources and collaborate to provide access to what they don't have: Collaboration and ...partnership, centralized and shared collection storage, digitization projects, interlibrary loan and resource sharing, purchase on demand, PDA and EBA are notably key to success. The 2022 edition of the Erasmus Mobility Staff Training week organized at the University of Liège Library focused on services, projects and policies that libraries can deploy and promote to increase and ease access to materials that do not belong to their print or electronic holdings. More than 20 librarians, managers, and researchers in library science share their experiences and visions in this book.
Airbnb has grown very rapidly over the past several years, with millions of tourists having used the service. The purpose of this study was to investigate tourists’ motivations for using Airbnb and ...to segment them accordingly. The study involved an online survey completed in 2015 by more than 800 tourists who had stayed in Airbnb accommodation during the previous 12 months. Aggregate results indicated that respondents were most strongly attracted to Airbnb by its practical attributes, and somewhat less so by its experiential attributes. An exploratory factor analysis identified five motivating factors—Interaction, Home Benefits, Novelty, Sharing Economy Ethos, and Local Authenticity. A subsequent cluster analysis divided the respondents into five segments—Money Savers, Home Seekers, Collaborative Consumers, Pragmatic Novelty Seekers, and Interactive Novelty Seekers. Profiling of the segments revealed numerous distinctive characteristics. Various practical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed.
It is generally recognized that paternal care is a facultative feature of human cooperative caregiving that helps underpin our evolved life history strategy. Yet, little direct evidence links ...variation in men's fathering to fitness outcomes. Research in small-scale, subsistence-level societies has focused more on links between fitness and men's social status, which overlaps with paternal care (e.g., hunting prowess/reputation and provisioning) but is distinct. Helping address this gap, we demonstrate linkages between fathers' roles and fitness-related outcomes among the BaYaka, a highly egalitarian Congo Basin forager population. Using measures drawn from community perceptions of men's quality in locally-valued domains of fathering, we find that BaYaka men (N = 31) ranked as better at providing for their families and sharing resources with the community had more living children. We observed a similar pattern for men ranked as better teachers, though evidence from Bayesian regression models was weaker than for these other domains. Those men ranked higher for provisioning and sharing, respectively, also had more total children (living and deceased combined). These fathering qualities were not significantly associated with variation in child mortality. Our results are consistent with long-standing arguments around the evolutionary importance of provisioning as paternal care, and point to other pathways, such as resource sharing, through which higher quality paternal care can be linked to reproductive success.
Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so‐called “Collaborative Consumption” (CC): the peer‐to‐peer‐based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to ...goods and services, coordinated through community‐based online services. CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper‐consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC. Therefore, in this article we investigate people's motivations to participate in CC. The study employs survey data (N = 168) gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC. This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitude‐behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.
Abstract
Through the collection and integration of scientific instrument resources and scientific research services across the province, a scientific instrument public service system based on the O2O ...model will be constructed. The system takes the one-stop retrieval of scientific and technological resources as the hub, and provides accurate and convenient intelligent services for scientific and technological information for universities, scientific research institutes, key laboratories, high-tech enterprises, incubators and other units, realizing the co-construction and sharing of scientific instrument resources, Improve the utilization rate of scientific and technological resources, effectively improve the level of comprehensive sharing and efficient use of scientific instruments.
Both the edge and the cloud can provide computing services for mobile devices to enhance their performance. The edge can reduce the conveying delay by providing local computing services while the ...cloud can support enormous computing requirements. Their cooperation can improve the utilization of computing resources and ensure the QoS, and thus is critical to edge-cloud computing business models. This paper proposes an efficient framework for mobile edge-cloud computing networks, which enables the edge and the cloud to share their computing resources in the form of wholesale and buyback. To optimize the computing resource sharing process, we formulate the computing resource management problems for the edge servers to manage their wholesale and buyback scheme and the cloud to determine the wholesale price and its local computing resources. Then, we solve these problems from two perspectives: i) social welfare maximization and ii) profit maximization for the edge and the cloud. For i), we have proved the concavity of the social welfare and proposed an optimal cloud computing resource management to maximize the social welfare. For ii), since it is difficult to directly prove the convexity of the primal problem, we first proved the concavity of the wholesaled computing resources with respect to the wholesale price and designed an optimal pricing and cloud computing resource management to maximize their profits. Numerical evaluations show that the total profit can be maximized by social welfare maximization while the respective profits can be maximized by the optimal pricing and cloud computing resource management.
•Investigate resource sharing and payoff allocation in a three-stage system.•Integrate network DEA and Shapley value method for payoff allocation.•Prove cooperative games among stages in a ...three-stage system is superadditive.•Allocate the increased profit gained from resource sharing by the Shapley value method.•This new method is demonstrated by an illustrative example.
Resource sharing exists not only among multiple entities but also among various stages of a single network structure system. Previous studies focused on how to allocate total given sharable resources to stages to maximize the efficiency of the network structure system, and a few discussed the fair allocation of potential gains obtained from resource sharing. In this study, we explore a new case in which the common inputs (or shared resources) of all stages are known. By constructing a game that regards each stage as a player, we integrate cooperative game theory with network data envelopment analysis (DEA) to explore the payoff allocation problem in a three-stage system. We build network DEA models to calculate the optimal profits of the system before and after resource sharing (i.e., pre- and post-collaboration optimal profits), and then apply the Shapley value method to allocate the increased profits of the system to its stages. Results indicate that the game among stages in a three-stage system is superadditive. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our method.
This study presents conceptual research designed to assess how the sharing economy concept can be leveraged to increase the participation of commercial organisations, such as retailers and ...transporters, in disaster relief operations. Drawing on social exchange theory, the academic literature on the sharing economy and blockchain, as well as existing resource‐sharing practices in commercial and humanitarian logistics, the study develops a theoretical framework for analysing the structure, benefits, and prerequisites of a logistics‐sharing system in emergency response. In addition, it proposes to utilise the blockchain distributed ledger technology—a shared data platform that enables authenticated communication and the widespread sharing of real‐time information—to facilitate interactions and enhance trust between emergency responders and commercial organisations. It is argued that using commercial logistics resources, including emergency supplies, transport capacity, and storage space, has the potential to improve the mobilisation and deployment of urgently needed relief items and augment the flexibility of emergency response.
With the remarkable development of the 5G technologies, more and more real-time and complex computational tasks from the Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems can be fulfilled by 5G edge servers. While ...the ultradense deployment is required for 5G edge services, in the upcoming era of 6G with an even more limited communication range, it is almost impossible to achieve 6G service coverage with dense deployments. To address this fundamental limit, we propose EdgeGO, a mobile resource-sharing framework that employs mobile edge servers to provide a cost-effective deployment of 6G edge computing, which enables edge resource sharing for massive IoT devices. Unlike traditional mobile cloudlets, EdgeGO exploits the asynchronization between requests receiving and results returning to decouple the stringent delay and resource requirements for edge computing. As a result, the server moving and task processing could be paralleled. Besides, EdgeGO incorporates a two-layer iterative updating algorithm, which jointly optimizes path planning and task scheduling to improve the overall task efficiency. Extensive simulation results show that by careful managing mobility and task execution of the edge servers, EdgeGO is able to drastically increase the resource utilization by 166.67% and decrease the deployment cost of 6G edge computing by 25.58%.
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