What role does ethics play in modern-day warfare? Is it possible for ethics and militarism to exist hand-in-hand? James Eastwood examines the Israeli military and its claim to be 'the most moral army ...in the world'. This claim has been strongly contested by human rights bodies and international institutions in their analysis of recent military engagements in the West Bank, Gaza and Lebanon. Yet at the same time, many in Israel believe this claim, including the general public, military personnel and politicians. Compiled from extensive research including interviews with soldiers, Eastwood unpacks the ethical pedagogy of the Israeli military, as well as soldier-led activism which voices a moral critique, and argues that the belief in moral warfare doesn't exist separately from the growing violence of Israel's occupation. This book is ideal for those interested in military ethics and Israeli politics, and provides crucial in-depth analysis for students and researchers alike.
We combine ALEPH and OPAL results for the spectral distributions measured in τ→π−π0ντ, τ→2π−π+π0ντ and τ→π−3π0ντ decays with (i) recent BABAR results for the analogous τ→K−K0ντ distribution and (ii) ...estimates of the contributions from other hadronic τ-decay modes obtained using CVC and electroproduction data, to obtain a new and more precise nonstrange, inclusive vector, isovector spectral function. The BABAR K−K0 and CVC/electroproduction results provide us with alternate, entirely data-based input for the contributions of all exclusive modes for which ALEPH and OPAL employed Monte-Carlo-based estimates. We use the resulting spectral function to determine αs(mτ), the strong coupling at the τ mass scale, employing finite energy sum rules. Using the fixed-order perturbation theory (FOPT) prescription, we find αs(mτ)=0.3077±0.0075, which corresponds to the five-flavor result αs(MZ)=0.1171±0.0010 at the Z mass. While we also provide an estimate using contour-improved perturbation theory (CIPT), we point out that the FOPT prescription is to be preferred for comparison with other αs determinations employing the ¯¯MS scheme, especially given the inconsistency between CIPT and the standard operator product expansion recently pointed out in the literature. Additional experimental input on the dominant 2π and 4π modes would allow for further improvements to the current analysis.
We study the D-wave charmed baryons of SU(3) flavor 3¯F using the method of QCD sum rules in the framework of heavy quark effective theory. We find that the Λc(2880), Ξc(3055), and Ξc(3080) can be ...well described by the D-wave SU(3) 3¯F charmed baryon multiplets of JP=3/2+ and 5/2+, which contain two λ-mode orbital excitations; i.e., the Λc(2880) has JP=5/2+, and the Ξc(3055) and Ξc(3080) have JP=3/2+ and 5/2+, respectively. Our results also suggest that the Λc(2880) has a partner state, the Λc(3/2+) of JP=3/2+. Its mass is around 2.81−0.18+0.33 GeV, and the mass difference between it and the Λc(2880) is 28−24+45 MeV. We also evaluate the masses of their bottom partners.
Complex-forming reactions, whose rate constants depend on pressure and collisional energy transfer characteristics of the surrounding bath gas, play a major role in the kinetics of combustion. In ...most realistic combustion environments, multiple species of distinct collisional energy transfer characteristics are present in significant quantities and thus contribute to collisional energy transfer involved in such systems. Recent studies have indicated that certain representations of multi-component pressure dependence (i.e. “mixture rules”) and/or a failure to implement a mixture rule can result in errors reaching an order of magnitude, whereas recently proposed mixture rules yield errors less than 10%. The present study compares the performance of various mixtures rules for representing multi-component pressure dependence of the multi-channel CH3 + OH reaction in flames, using a novel dynamic procedure for evaluating mixture effects as a function of reaction progress (viz. local temperature, pressure, and mixture composition). This procedure enables mixture effects to be simulated in current combustion codes despite codes not yet having functional forms intended to capture these mixture dependence effects. Results from this procedure, combining master equation simulations and kinetic-transport simulations, indicate that recently proposed mixture rules based on the reduced pressure provide a considerably more accurate representation of mixture effects for CH3 + OH than previous mixture rules based on the absolute pressure. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate that mixture effects for the CH3 + OH reaction, which are not accounted for in many models, have a significant effect on predictions of the laminar flame speed – of comparable magnitude to differences motivating parameter adjustments in model development studies.
We present quadrature rules for the space of C1 quadratic splines on triangulations refined according to the Powell–Sabin (PS) 12-split. Focusing on a single triangle, we first provide a symmetric ...4-node quadrature rule with positive weights, which is exact on the considered spline space. For its construction we make use of a local simplex spline basis. The rule is shown to be optimal, with the minimum number of nodes. Next, in view of using C1 quadratic splines on triangulations in Galerkin finite element discretizations of differential problems, we design a collection of weighted quadrature rules that are helpful for an efficient formation of the linear systems arising in such discretizations. Lastly, we provide numerical comparisons with elementwise Gaussian rules and we illustrate the performance of the presented quadrature rules in the context of C1 quadratic spline finite elements on triangulations.
Abstract In this Dossier, four scholars reflect on Nicholas Onuf’s leading article, ‘Metaphoricizing modernity’, (re)engaging with – and celebrating – more broadly Onuf’s groundbreaking work from ...different places, perspectives, and angles. Part II rethinks (with) Onuf from Latin America, questioning and provincializing (certain) metaphors and metaphoricizing. Manuela Trindade Viana analyzes the conditions of possibility and the effects of ‘Colombianization’ as a powerful metaphor that came to circulate in Latin America since the late 2000s, in reference both to a specific diagnosis of a problem of violence and the solutions implemented to confront it. Challenging (certain) aspects of Onuf’s account about what metaphors do in our worlds, she argues that the security policy domain valorizes the universal push underlying the imperative to make models travel as a condition for the legitimation of their work in crafting solutions that fit to ‘similar problematically violent’ situations in Latin America. Roberto Vilchez Yamato offers an-other (re)reading of Onuf’s work. (Re)turning to Onuf’s World of Our Making, he (re)thinks the correlation(s) between metaphors, rules, and the conditions of rule, drawing attention to the crucial place of language within Onuf’s work. Supplementarily, Yamato engages with Onuf’s more recent The Mightie Frame, ‘the second half’ of his ‘decades-long project’, suggesting a certain rethinking of the ‘microphysics’ of language, the conditions of thought, and the conditions of rule, within which metaphors and metaphorical complexes are given center stage. (Re)reading (some of) Onuf’s work, he concludes his article wondering about how Onuf would respond to the question of provincializing metaphors.
The analyticity of response functions and scattering amplitudes implies powerful relations between low-energy observables and the underlying short-distance dynamics. These "IR/UV" relations are ...rooted in basic physical principles, such as causality and unitarity. In this paper, we seek similar connections in inflation, relating cosmological observations to the physics responsible for the accelerated expansion. We assume that the inflationary theory is Lorentz invariant at short distances, but allow for nonrelativistic interactions and a nontrivial speed of propagation at low energies. Focusing on forward scattering, we derive a "sum rule" which equates a combination of low-energy parameters to an integral which is sensitive to the high-energy behavior of the theory. While for relativistic amplitudes unitarity is sufficient to prove positivity of the sum rule, this is not guaranteed in the nonrelativistic case. We discuss the conditions under which positivity still applies, and show that they are satisfied by all known UV completions of single-field inflation. In that case, we obtain a consistency condition for primordial non-Gaussianity, which constrains the size and the sign of the equilateral four-point function in terms of the amplitude of the three-point function. The resulting bound rules out about half of the parameter space that is still allowed by current observations. Finding a violation of our consistency condition would point toward less conventional theories of inflation, or violations of basic physical principles.
Party competition Laver, Michael; Sergenti, Ernest
2011., 20111010, 2011, 2012-01-01, 20120101, Volume:
20
eBook
Party competition for votes in free and fair elections involves complex interactions by multiple actors in political landscapes that are continuously evolving, yet classical theoretical approaches to ...the subject leave many important questions unanswered. Here Michael Laver and Ernest Sergenti offer the first comprehensive treatment of party competition using the computational techniques of agent-based modeling.
The neural bases of emotion regulation Etkin, Amit; Büchel, Christian; Gross, James J
Nature reviews. Neuroscience,
11/2015, Volume:
16, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Emotions are powerful determinants of behaviour, thought and experience, and they may be regulated in various ways. Neuroimaging studies have implicated several brain regions in emotion regulation, ...including the ventral anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, as well as the lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Drawing on computational approaches to value-based decision-making and reinforcement learning, we propose a unifying conceptual framework for understanding the neural bases of diverse forms of emotion regulation.
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