With the potential to save nearly 30 000 lives per year in the United States, autonomous vehicles portend the most significant advance in auto safety history by shifting the focus from minimization ...of postcrash injury to collision prevention. I have delineated the important public health implications of autonomous vehicles and provided a brief analysis of a critically important ethical issue inherent in autonomous vehicle design. The broad expertise, ethical principles, and values of public health should be brought to bear on a wide range of issues pertaining to autonomous vehicles.
"This book describes research on safety-related decision-making by operations supervisory personnel in three different high-hazard industries, and features a case study illustrating each: a chemical ...plant, a nuclear power station and an air-navigation service provider. The focus of this research is unique: those who supervise the frontline personnel and essentially provide the organizational link between senior management and minute-by-minute system operations"--Provided by publisher.
Two Methods for Measurement of Traffic Sign Conspicuity Osborn, Logan; Tutaj, Margaret; Stephens, Benjamin R.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,
09/2023, Volume:
67, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Conspicuity is the ability of an object or feature to be noticed. We compare two conspicuity measurement methods: magnitude estimation and conspicuity angles. In Experiment One, both measures were ...collected for ten traffic signs. The relative conspicuity of the targets changed in a similar fashion for both measurements. In Experiment Two, reducing scene lightness reduced magnitude estimates of conspicuity. Taken together, these results suggest both methods have value in measurements of conspicuity.
In recent years, rapid changes and improvements have been witnessed in the field of transformer condition monitoring and assessment, especially with the advances in computational intelligence ...techniques. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence applies a broad range of computational intelligence techniques to deal with practical transformer operation problems. The approaches introduced are presented in a concise and flowing manner, tackling complex transformer modelling problems and uncertainties occurring in transformer fault diagnosis. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence covers both the fundamental theories and the most up-to-date research in this rapidly changing field. Many examples have been included that use real-world measurements and realistic operating scenarios of power transformers to fully illustrate the use of computational intelligence techniques for a variety of transformer modelling and fault diagnosis problems. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence is a useful book for professional engineers and postgraduate students. It also provides a firm foundation for advanced undergraduate students in power engineering.
•Perception, cognition and control methods for safe human robot interaction.•Safe hardware and software development, low level admittance controller.•Human aware navigation, virtual collaborative ...zones.•Psychological factors in human robot interaction.•Robot safety features chronological map.•Systems’ theoretic analysis.
In the era of industrialization and automation, safety is a critical factor that should be considered during the design and realization of each new system that targets operation in close collaboration with humans. Of such systems are considered personal and professional service robots which collaborate and interact with humans at diverse applications environments. In this collaboration, human safety is an important factor in the wider field of human-robot interaction (HRI) since it facilitates their harmonic coexistence. The paper at hand aims to systemize the recent literature by describing the required levels of safety during human-robot interaction, focusing on the core functions of the collaborative robots when performing specific processes. It is also oriented towards the existing methods for psychological safety during human-robot collaboration and its impact at the robot behaviour, while also discusses in depth the psychological parameters of robots incorporation in industrial and social environments. Based on the existing works on safety features that minimize the risk of HRI, a classification of the existing works into five major categories namely, Robot Perceptions for Safe HRI, Cognition-enabled robot control in HRI, Action Planning for safe navigation close to humans, Hardware safety features, and Societal and Psychological factors is also applied. Finally, the current study further discusses the existing risk assessment techniques as methods to offer additional safety in robotic systems presenting thus a holistic analysis of the safety in contemporary robots, and proposes a roadmap for safety compliance features during the development of a robotic system.
Safety communication among construction workers is fundamental to effective safety management. However, evidence suggests that poor safety communication is a common problem in construction ...workplaces. In fact, previous research has unveiled a number of systemic barriers to effective safety communication in the construction industry. When workers do not sufficiently communicate relevant safety hazards and appropriate injury prevention measures, unexpected injuries can follow. Therefore, research examining factors that promote or impede effective safety communication is necessary. Towards achieving this goal, the purpose of the current research was to evaluate the effect of safety climate and crew cohesion on the demonstrated safety communication levels. The goal was achieved by gathering empirical data from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. More specifically, the participating construction workplaces were visited, and data pertaining to the safety climate and crew-level cohesion were first collected using questionnaire surveys. Next, a safety communication survey instrument was administered, and the data necessary to compute network density-a social network metric that is indicative of safety communication levels was gathered. The analysis of the data suggested that a positive relationship exists between safety climate and safety communication levels. Likewise, construction crews that demonstrated higher levels of cohesion exhibited superior safety communication levels. Finally, evidence also suggested that a synergetic effect exists between safety climate and crew cohesion in improving safety communication levels.
Tourist safety is a pertinent global issue affecting travellers and destinations. This study presents a conceptualization of tourists' sense of safety, including their expected and experienced ...safety. This study outlines the measurement of tourists' expected and experienced safety by surveying Chinese domestic tourists who visited Xiamen, China. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes reveal 20 measurement items that fall under 5 dimensions of tourists' expected and experienced safety: safety concerns, tourism environment, facilities and services, regional culture, and safety information. Significant differences emerged on all five dimensions and most measurement items related to tourists' sense of safety. Overall, tourists' experienced safety exceeded their expected safety, and tourists generally felt safe while visiting Xiamen.
PDF
