The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of supplementation and withdrawal of selenium-enriched kale sprouts (SeKS) on productivity and egg Se concentration of laying hens. Selenium from ...commercial Se-enriched yeast (SeY) was used as a comparative Se source.
One-hundred and eighty 61-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 4 replicates (9 hens each) in a 2×2+1 Augmented Factorial Experiment in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 0.2 and 0.4 mg Se/kg from SeKS and SeY, respectively. The 8-week feeding trial was divided into 2 periods, namely the Se supplemental period (week 1 to 4) and the Se withdrawal period (week 5 to 8).
Productive performance, egg quality and egg Se concentration of laying hens were not affected by sources of Se (SeKS and SeY) during both, the Se supplemental and withdrawal periods. Egg production and egg Se concentration increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of Se supplementation. The egg Se concentration increased and reached a peak 1 week after Se supplementation. However, concentration of Se in eggs of hens fed Se from both sources decreased rapidly from the second week of the Se withdrawal period to reach the same egg Se concentration of hens fed the basal diet by the fourth week of the Se withdrawal period.
The efficacy of Se from SeKS on productivity and egg Se concentration in laying hens was comparable to commercial SeY. Thus, SeKS can provide an alternate organic Se source for production of Se-enriched eggs.
The soil selenium (Se) content and bioavailability are important for human health. In this regard, knowing the factors driving the concentration of total Se and bioavailable Se in soils is essential ...to map Se, enhance foodstuffs' Se content, and improve the Se nutritional status of humans. In this study, total Se and Se bioavailability (i.e., phosphate extracted Se) in surface soils (0–20 cm) developed on different strata were analyzed in a Se-enriched region of Southwest China. Furthermore, the interaction between the stratum and soil properties was assessed and how did the stratum effect on the concentration and spatial distribution of Se bioavailability in soils was investigated. Results showed that the median concentration of total Se in soils was 0.308 mg/kg, which is higher than China's soil background. The mean proportion of phosphate extracted Se in total Se was 12.2 %. The values of total Se, phosphate extracted Se, and soil organic matter (SOM) in soils increased with the increasing stratum age. In contrast, the coefficient of weathering and eluviation (BA) values decreased. The analysis of statistics and Geodetector revealed that the SOM, stratum, and BA were the dominant controlling factors for the contents and distributions of soil total Se and phosphate extracted Se. This study provided strong evidence that the soil properties that affected the total Se and Se bioavailability were modulated by the local geological background, and had important practical implications for addressing Se malnutrition and developing the Se-rich resource in the study region and similar geological settings in different parts of the globe.
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•The soil Setotal concentrations were higher than the soil background in China.•SOM has a significant positive relationship with Setotal and Sephosphate.•Stratum∩SOM exceeds all other interaction effects for Sephosphate.•Stratum provides the source of Se in soils and modulates the SOM and BA.
Supplemental dietary selenium is associated with reduced incidence of many cancers. The antitumor function of selenium is thought to be mediated through selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1). ...However, the significance of SELENBP1 expression in breast cancer is still largely unknown. A total of 95 normal and tumor tissues assay and 12 breast cancer cell lines were used in this study. We found that SELENBP1 expression in breast cancer tissues is reduced compared to normal control. Low SELENBP1 expression in ER(+) breast cancer patients was significantly associated with poor survival (p<0.01), and SELENBP1 levels progressively decreased with advancing clinical stages of breast cancer. 17-β estradiol (E2) treatment of high SELENBP1-expressing ER(+) cell lines led to a down-regulation of SELENBP1, a result that did not occur in ER(-) cell lines. However, after ectopic expression of ER in an originally ER(-) cell line, down-regulation of SELENBP1 upon E2 treatment was observed. In addition, selenium treatment resulted in reduced cell proliferation in endogenous SELENBP1 high cells; however, after knocking-down SELENBP1, we observed no significant reduction in cell proliferation. Similarly, selenium has no effect on inhibition of cell proliferation in low endogenous SELENBP1 cells, but the inhibitory effect is regained following ectopic SELENBP1 expression. Furthermore, E2 treatment of an ER silenced high endogenous SELENBP1 expressing cell line showed no abolishment of cell proliferation inhibition upon selenium treatment. These data indicate that SELENBP1 expression is regulated via estrogen and that the cell proliferation inhibition effect of selenium treatment is dependent on the high level of SELENBP1 expression. Therefore, the expression level of SELENBP1 could be an important marker for predicting survival and effectiveness of selenium supplementation in breast cancer. This is the first study to reveal the importance of monitoring SELENBP1 expression as a potential biomarker in contributing to breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Abstract A simple method for preparation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) surface-functionalized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs@ATP) with enhanced cell permeabilization and anticancer activity has been ...demonstrated in the study reported in this article. Spherical SeNPs were decorated with ATP by strong adsorption through an Se-N bond, leading to the highly stable structure of the conjugates. ATP surface decoration significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and anticancer activity of SeNPs. Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by SeNPs@ATP was evidenced by accumulation of the sub-G1 cell population, phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and caspase activation. Further studies found that SeNPs@ATP treatment triggered the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Our results demonstrate that the use of ATP as a surface decorator of SeNPs is a novel strategy to achieve anticancer synergy. SeNPs@ATP may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human cancers. From the Clinical Editor In this paper, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) surface-functionalized selenium nanoparticles are discussed as cell-penetrating anticancer agents. Conjugates are stable and ATP functionalization greatly enhances the apoptosis induction properties of the selenium nanoparticles in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Oxygen free radicals and cytokines play a pathogenic role in Graves' orbitopathy.
We carried out a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of selenium (an ...antioxidant agent) or pentoxifylline (an antiinflammatory agent) in 159 patients with mild Graves' orbitopathy. The patients were given selenium (100 μg twice daily), pentoxifylline (600 mg twice daily), or placebo (twice daily) orally for 6 months and were then followed for 6 months after treatment was withdrawn. Primary outcomes at 6 months were evaluated by means of an overall ophthalmic assessment, conducted by an ophthalmologist who was unaware of the treatment assignments, and a Graves' orbitopathy-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, completed by the patient. Secondary outcomes were evaluated with the use of a Clinical Activity Score and a diplopia score.
At the 6-month evaluation, treatment with selenium, but not with pentoxifylline, was associated with an improved quality of life (P<0.001) and less eye involvement (P=0.01) and slowed the progression of Graves' orbitopathy (P=0.01), as compared with placebo. The Clinical Activity Score decreased in all groups, but the change was significantly greater in the selenium-treated patients. Exploratory evaluations at 12 months confirmed the results seen at 6 months. Two patients assigned to placebo and one assigned to pentoxifylline required immunosuppressive therapy for deterioration in their condition. No adverse events were evident with selenium, whereas pentoxifylline was associated with frequent gastrointestinal problems.
Selenium administration significantly improved quality of life, reduced ocular involvement, and slowed progression of the disease in patients with mild Graves' orbitopathy. (Funded by the University of Pisa and the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research; EUGOGO Netherlands Trial Register number, NTR524.).
Plant samples of Cardamine hupingshanesis (Brassicaceae), Ligulariafischeri (Ledeb.) turcz (Steraceae) and their underlying top sediments were collected from selenium (Se) mine drainage areas in ...Enshi, China. Concentrations of total Se were measured using Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS) and Se speciation were determined using liquid chromatography/UV irradiation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-UV-HG-AFS). The results showed that C. hupingshanesis could accumulate Se to 239±201 mg/kg DW in roots, 316±184 mg/kg DW in stems, and 380±323 mg/kg DW in leaves, which identifies it as Se secondary accumulator. Particularly, it could accumulate Se up to 1965±271 mg/kg DW in leaves, 1787±167 mg/kg DW in stem and 4414±3446 mg/kg DW in roots, living near Se mine tailing. Moreover, over 70% of the total Se accumulated in C. hupingshanesis were in the form of selenocystine (SeCys 2), increasing with increased total Se concentration in plant, in contrast to selenomethionine (SeMet) in non-accumulators (eg. Arabidopsis) and secondary accumulators (eg. Brassica juncea), and selenomethylcysteine (SeMeCys) in hyperaccumulators (eg. Stanleya pinnata). There is no convincing explanation on SeCys 2 accumulation in C. hupingshanesis based on current Se metabolism theory in higher plants, and further study will be needed.
Keywords Cobalt phosphide; Graphene nanosheets; Li/SeS.sub.2 batteries; Hierarchical structure; Synergistically confine Highlights * Co-MOF derived cobalt phosphide embedded in graphene nanosheets is ...synthesized. * CoP-NC@GN is used to encapsulate SeS.sub.2 for Li/SeS.sub.2 batteries. * CoP-NC@GN@SeS.sub.2 electrode shows 951.5 and 566.1 mAh g.sup.-1 at 0.02 and 5 A g.sup.-1. * 580.2 mAh g.sup.-1 is attained for CoP-NC@GN@SeS.sub.2 electrode after 200 cycles at 2 A g.sup.-1. Selenium sulfide (SeS.sub.2) has been considered as a potential cathode for batteries because it has superior conductivity to sulfur and higher theoretical capacity than selenium. Here, the composite of cobalt phosphide embedded in graphene nanosheets (CoP-NC@GN) is synthesized and used to encapsulate SeS.sub.2. The fabricated CoP-NC@GN@SeS.sub.2 composite is applied for Li/SeS.sub.2 batteries. With selenium sulfide content at 52.7%, the CoP-NC@GN@SeS.sub.2 composite, when cycled at 2 A g.sup.-1, delivers the discharge capacity of 868.6 mAh g.sup.-1 and 580.2 mAh g.sup.-1 at the 1st and 200th cycle, respectively. The improved performance of CoP-NC@GN@SeS.sub.2 is closely related to the elaborately designed structure. The graphene as a substrate ensures the formation of the ZIF-67 and subsequent CoP in nanosize, and allows the maximum exposure of CoP active sites to capture polysulfide/polyselenide intermediates chemically, which is a big plus over the physical adsorption by hollow CoP-NC. The close contact between MOF-derived CoP-NC and graphene nanosheets constructs an excellent consecutive conductive network to accelerate electron conduction and expedite the redox conversion. The synergistic effect enhances cyclic stability and rate performance. This work provides an approach to cathode fabrication for high performance Li/SeS.sub.2 batteries. Author Affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China * Corresponding authors. Article History: Received 16 October 2020; Revised 25 January 2021; Accepted 4 February 2021 Byline: Jianwei Cong, Zhaojuan Zheng, Junwei Hao, Hairui You, Xiaomin Liu liuxm@njtech.edu.cn (*), Hui Yang yanghui@njtech.edu.cn (*)
Selenium (Se) has been mobilised by leaching from coal and associated waste rock exposed by mining activities in Western Canada, with deleterious impact on aquatic wildlife. Waste rock ...characterisation indicates that up to 7% of the Se, as Se(IV), may be associated with organic matter, with ≈9%, as Se(0), associated with euhedral pyrite. Small 1−2 µm mineral particles with average Se concentration of 1.0 ± 0.4 wt% account for the remaining Se with the largest components likely to be associated with Fe oxide/hydroxide/carbonate as Se(0) and framboidal pyrite as Se(IV) and Se(0). No evidence was found for the presence of Se(−I), Se(−II) or Se(VI). In the first 8 weeks of leaching Se release was not correlated to the addition of aqueous silicate, added to aid pyrite passivation, but was reduced by approximately one third when the waste was treated with manure. This suggests the primary initial source of leached Se was not pyrite. Added organic C results in increased microbial numbers, particularly aerobic microbes, and promotes the formation of extensive coating of extracellular polymeric substances resulting in depletion of O2 at particle surfaces, reducing oxidation of Se(IV) and therefore reducing the leach rate of Se. Subsequent to 8 weeks of leaching the rates of release of Se from the treated wastes were similar regardless of treatment strategy but were reduced as compared to the untreated waste rock, suggestive of partial framboidal pyrite geochemical and microbial passivation. Se leaching was not correlated to S leaching, but the source(s) of the leached S was not known as approximately half of the S within the waste rock was non-sulfidic. These results indicate that utilisation of local organic carbon-containing wastes for coverage of coal waste rock may be a cost-effective strategy to reduce Se leaching to acceptable rates of release regardless of whether the Se is associated with framboidal pyrite or organics.
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•7%Se as Se(IV)-organic; 9%Se as Se(0)-euhedral pyrite in coal waste examined.•Remaining Se as Se(IV)- or Se(0)-framboidal pyrite and minor Se(0)-Fe(O/OH/CO3).•Se release may be from organics in the initial 8 weeks and later from framboidal pyrite.•Leaching reduced by ≈33% on treatment with manure adding microbial growth.
Current evidence on selenium and its effects on cancer is conflicting. This study aimed at assessing the association between dietary intake of selenium and incidence of cancers by performing ...systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. We systematically searched for articles in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and VIP Chinese Scientific Journals. Analysis was performed in Stata version 14.2. Of the 2,564 articles obtained from the databases, 39 met our inclusion criteria, 37 were included in the final analysis. Selenium at recommended daily allowance levels of ≥55 μg/day decreased the risk of cancer relative risk (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.98. A protective effect was found in men at levels ≥55 μg/day (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). Extra selenium intake from supplements was protective at levels ≥55 μg/day (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97). There was an inverse relationship (p value = 0.020) between selenium intake and overall cancer risk after adjusting for age, body mass index, and smoking but there was no evidence of nonlinear relationship (p value = 0.261). The findings in this study suggest that selenium is protective against cancer however the effects vary with different cancers.
Two experiments were conducted on broiler chickens to compare the effect of a new organic Se source, 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA; SO), with two practical Se additives, sodium ...selenite (SS) and Se yeast (SY). The relative bioavailability of the different Se sources was compared on muscle (pectoralis major) total Se, selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) concentrations and apparent digestibility of total Se (ADSe). In the first experiment, from day (d) 0 to d21, Se sources were tested at different supplied levels and compared with an unsupplemented diet (NC). No significant effects were observed on growth performance during the experimental period. However, the different Se sources and levels improved muscle Se concentration compared with the NC, with a significant source effect in the following order: SS < SY < SO (P<0·05). Seleno-amino acids speciation results for NC, SY and SO at 0·3 mg Se/kg feed indicated that muscle Se was only present as SeMet or SeCys, showing a full conversion of Se by the bird. The second experiment (d0-d24) compared SS, SY or SO at 0·3 mg Se/kg feed. The ADSe measurements carried out between d20 and d23 were 24, 46 and 49% for SS, SY and SO, respectively, with significant differences between the organic and mineral Se sources (P<0·05). These results confirmed the higher bioavailability of organic Se sources compared with the mineral source and demonstrated a significantly better efficiency of HMSeBA compared with SY for muscle Se enrichment.
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