•A novel production line with a cyber-physical artificial intelligence system is presented for the complete manufacturing of shoe tongues.•The production line system based on reinforcement learning ...is proven to be capable of achieving optimum product quality.•The deep Q-learning framework for the visual feedback and robotic arm control ensures the manufacturing precision of shoe tongues.
As usher in Industry 4.0, there has been much interest in the development and research that combine artificial intelligence with automation. The control and operation of equipment in a traditional automated shoemaking production line require a preliminary subjective judgment of relevant manufacturing processes, to determine the exact procedure and corresponding control settings. However, with the manual control setting, it is difficult to achieve an accurate quality assessment of an automated process characterized by high uncertainty and intricacy. It is challenging to replace handicrafts and the versatility of manual product customization with automation techniques. Hence, the current study has developed an automatic production line with a cyber-physical system artificial intelligence (CPS-AI) architecture for the complete manufacturing of soft fabric shoe tongues. The Deep-Q reinforcement learning (RL) method is proposed as a means of achieving better control over the manufacturing process, while the convolutional and long short-term memory artificial neural network (CNN + LSTM) is developed to enhance action speed. This technology allows a robotic arm to learn the specific image feature points of a shoe tongue through repeated training to improve its manufacturing accuracy. For validation, different parameters of the network architecture are tested, and the test convergence accuracy was found to be as high as 95.9 %. During its actual implementation, the production line completed 509 finished products, of which 349 products were acceptable due to the anticipated measurement error. This showed that the production line system was capable of achieving optimum product accuracy and quality with respect to the performance of repeated computations, parameter updates, and action evaluations.
Au croisement de la sociologie urbaine et de la sociologie économique, cet ouvrage se focalise sur la compétition dans l’espace urbain dakarois entre différentes catégories d’acteurs : Chinois ...déterritorialisés évoluant dans l’activité commerciale et jeunes cordonniers et commerçants de rue locaux. Ces acteurs d’une mondialisation « par le bas », travaillant discrètement dans l’espace public, bousculent les hiérarchies imposées par la société salariale en participant à la constitution de nouveaux ordres économiques, sociaux, établissant ainsi de nouvelles relations de pouvoir. Cette recherche invite également au dépassement des poncifs habituels sur ces acteurs économiques locaux – désignés par les expressions péjoratives « baol-baol », « kaw-kaw » – à travers l’intérêt accordé à la variété de leurs compétences, à la diversité de leurs parcours, aux identités sociales et professionnelles. L’ouvrage s’adresse notamment aux chercheurs en sciences sociales intéressés par les formes prises par la « mondialisation non hégémonique » dans le contexte africain et par la petite production marchande urbaine et ses évolutions récentes.
V předloženém příspěvku jsme se pokusili prokázat, že první světová válka přinesla v jistém smyslu „zrušení“ dětství a jeho instrumentalizaci ze strany válčícího státu. Hlavní rekvizitou naší analýzy ...byla (dětská) obuv a dějištěm trh s obuví. Obuv je totiž jako předmět zájmu armády i civilního sektoru, stabilního konzumu a elastického trhu obzvláště vhodný výzkumný objekt. Stejně jako děti i ona si díky první světové válce prožila svůj vlastní paradigmatický obrat, kdy se z luxusního předmětu s výraznou symbolickou hodnotou stalo masově produkované spotřební zboží. Dětský zákazník v průběhu války nezmizel, ale významně se proměnil. Kvůli tlakům směřujícím z prostředí mimo tržní mechanismy se stal jakýmsi „kvazi-spotřebitelem“, a současně i „kvazi-výrobcem“, soukolím ve válečné výrobě a také distribuci. V příspěvku jsme se pokusili odpovědět na otázky, jak byly děti vtaženy do válečné ekonomiky, vyzývány k šetření a racionaci? Jakou roli hrály při sběru kůží a potřebných materiálů?
Traditional footwear, during the time, are always effected by some factors such as weather and climate of each region, traditions, customs, life style and occupations, has appeared in different ...types. Concinnity, variety in form, color and material, and appropriateness of these three factors with climate conditions and culture, and also use of natural and native materials, are some of prominent properties of these footwear.Birjand County, which is located in the shout of Khorasan province, is one of the areas that its footwear products had a lot of fame in the region and also in the country in the past. A native Art-Industry which today, except its fame and a few old masters, anything is remained from that. While, in addition to its historical and cultural importance, profession of traditional shoemaking as a domestic Art-Industry, can has special importance from economical and employment aspects, for some reasons such as utilization of native knowledge and workforces, and also usage of native materials.Therefore, the main objective of this essay is include recognizing and introducing of Art-Industry of traditional shoemaking in Birjand, scrutiny of its products, manufacture methods and used materials. It is obvious that the first step for preserving and reviving of this domestic profession is its recognition and introduction, which provided a context to convert the traditional footwear into a practical product for today's customers, with eliminating its defects and optimization.
A computer assisted procedure for the cinematic analysis of the mechanism of a cam is essential in making a certain type of research operations. They mainly refer to the optimization of operations ...running on specific machinery, or to the re-design of the mechanism, in order to make the mechanism digital. This analysis seems even more important, when we consider the fact that most of the machines used in shoe industry nowadays use a cam mechanism. The paper is devided in two parts. In first part, it is elaborated a method of finding of a function G(x), belonging to a Fourier series, which approximates the numerical values {xi, yi}, with the biggest accuracy. Finding the function that approximates the most accurately the data set, for the position parameters of the follower S(ω), () will lead to a complete kinematic and dynamic analysis of the cam mechanism. These values repeat with T = 2π period. In second part, the method is tasted using MatCAD work sessions which allow a numerical and graphical analysis of the mathematical relations involved, in order to test the reability of the method. The set of experimental data are resulted after measuring a cam mechanism of a machine used in shoemaking.
A computer assisted procedure for the cinematic analysis of the mechanism of a cam is essential in making a certain type of research operations. They mainly refer to the optimization of operations ...running on specific machinery, or to the re-design of the mechanism, in order to make the mechanism digital. This analysis seems even more important, when we consider the fact that most of the machines used in shoe industry nowadays use a cam mechanism. The paper is devided in two parts. In first part, it is elaborated a method of finding of a function G(x), belonging to a Fourier series, which approximates the numerical values {xi, yi}, with the biggest accuracy. Finding the function that approximates the most accurately the data set, for the position parameters of the follower S(ω), () will lead to a complete kinematic and dynamic analysis of the cam mechanism. These values repeat with T = 2π period. In second part, the method is tasted using MatCAD work sessions which allow a numerical and graphical analysis of the mathematical relations involved, in order to test the reability of the method. The set of experimental data are resulted after measuring a cam mechanism of a machine used in shoemaking.
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) are highly prevalent among weavers. In Iran, little information is available regarding the prevalence of ...MSDs and their causal risk factors among hand-woven shoe workers. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of UEMSDs and to identify risk factors associated with UEMSDs symptoms among 586 Iranian hand-woven shoe workers. METHODS: The data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and by direct observation of working postures via the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) technique to determine ergonomic risks. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSDs symptoms was high among the hand-woven shoe workers. The mean RULA grand score of 6.3 indicated that in most cases the workers’ postures at their workstations needs to be investigated and changed immediately to prevent musculoskeletal injuries. The highest prevalence rates of MSDs were observed in the shoulders, wrists and arms. The result of multiple logistic regression modeling showed that risk factors associated with UEMSD symptoms were job experience, daily working hours, job satisfaction, working posture, work pressure, and discomfort at workstation, as well as individual factors, such as age, gender, BMI, material status, working conditions, education level, and lack of regular sport/physical activities. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study emphasize that any interventional program in this industry has to focus on improving working conditions particularly by designing ergonomics-oriented workstations and hand tools.
The working conditions and the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among 180 Iranian hand-sewn shoe workers were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using ...both questionnaire (for assessing musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors) and direct observations of posture (by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment RULA method). The prevalence and severity of symptoms was very high among the study population. The mean RULA grand score of 6.2 indicates that in most cases the workers' postures at their workstations need to be investigated and some changes are required immediately. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that the job experience, daily working hours, duration of continuous work without breaks, feeling pressure due to work and working postures were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms of different body regions. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for hand-sewing tasks. These findings can help to better understand the working conditions of those jobs involving hand-sewing operation and highlight the potential for ergonomic interventions to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among these working groups.
Practitioner Summary: Working conditions of hand-sewn shoe workers and their musculoskeletal symptoms were investigated. The prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms was very high among the study population. Poor working postures, feeling pressure due to work, long duration of work without breaks and prolonged daily working hours were positively associated with musculoskeletal symptoms.
The Socratic interest in thetechnai(τέχναι), “crafts, trade,” and their practitioners was a reaction both to the political realities of the Athenian democracy and to the challenges that apolisrun by ...nonexperts faced in recognizing problems, forming solutions, and making decisions. The economic activities of nonelite Athenian citizens and noncitizens alike, however, helped overcome these challenges by creating a robust and epistemically diverse network of political participants. This study of day-to-day economic and social interaction on the streets of Classical Athens shows that democraticpolitikē technēwas not a discrete and bounded individual endeavor, but rather a collective, emergent intelligence refined through usage in and outside of the institutions of the state.
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