The purpose of this research is to examine relationships between occurrences of snatch-and-run offences and hourly population estimated from mobile phone users’ locations, with particular focus on ...differences between daytime and nighttime. Using an hourly population dataset allows us to count the so-called ‘ambient population’ by hour of day to accurately quantify the influence of such population as capable guardians and suitable targets in a framework of routine activity theory. Our major findings based on logistic regression models are that (1) the effects of ambient population and (2) its temporal change are large, and the effects differ between daytime and nighttime. During the daytime, snatch-and-run offences are less likely to occur in areas where hourly population density is expect to increase, possibly because offenders are highly sensitive to the risk of being detected by other people. On the other hand, offences at night occur even in relatively crowded areas, and they are only weakly related to population change. In addition, our study found that (3) snatch-and-run offences are more likely to occur in or near local town centres and (4) socially vulnerable neighbourhoods are only targeted at night. We attempted to explain this in terms of offenders’ characteristics and motivations depending on time of day.
Load management is an extremely important subject in fatigue control and adaptation processes in almost all sports. In Olympic Weightlifting (OW), two of the load variables are intensity and volume. ...However, it is not known if all exercises produce fatigue of the same magnitude. Thus, this study aimed to compare the fatigue prompted by the Clean and Jerk and the Snatch and their derivative exercises among male and female participants, respectively. We resorted to an experimental quantitative design in which fatigue was induced in adult individuals with weightlifting experience of at least two years through the execution of a set of 10 of the most used lifts and derivatives in OW (Snatch, Snatch Pull, Muscle Snatch, Power Snatch, and Back Squat; Clean and Jerk, Power Clean, Clean, High Hang Clean, and Hang Power Clean). Intensity and volume between exercises were equalized (four sets of three repetitions), after which one Snatch Pull test was performed where changes in velocity, range of motion, and mean power were assessed as fatigue measures. Nine women and twelve men participated in the study (age, 29.67 ± 5.74 years and 28.17 ± 5.06 years, respectively). The main results showed higher peak velocity values for the Snatch Pull test when compared with Power Snatch (p = 0.008; ES = 0.638), Snatch (p < 0.001; ES = 0.998), Snatch Pull (p < 0.001, ES = 0.906), and Back Squat (p < 0.001; ES = 0.906) while the differences between the Snatch Pull test and the derivatives of Clean and Jerk were almost nonexistent. It is concluded that there were differences in the induction of fatigue between most of the exercises analyzed and, therefore, coaches and athletes could improve the planning of training sessions by accounting for the fatigue induced by each lift.
The aim of this paper is to: 1. Identifing the speed distinctive strength values for each of arms, back, and legs muscles. 2. Identifing the heights and deviations (absolute and relative) of barbell ...in snatch. 3. Identifing the relationship between speed distinctive strength of arms, back, legs muscles with heights and deviation (absolute and relative) of barbell trajectory during snatch. The scopes of research included the following: 1. Human scopes; Nineveh team of weight lifting. 2. Temporal scopes; started from 20/3/2012-27/3/2012. 3. Spatial scopes; weight lifting hall, training center in Al-Futtowa Club/Nineveh. A descriptive method has been used by the researchers, the sample consisted of (6) weight lifters selected namely as being the candidates of province of Nineveh sports. Questionnaire has been used for measurements and analysis of data techniques. The data were statistically treated using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of simple correlation; this has been applied via SPSS. The study concluded the following: 1. The increase of speed distinctive strength of arms muscles reduces the weight deviations (relative and absolute). This is done between the widest intrinsic deviations of barbell towards the weight lifter. This is happened during the weight drop and fixing deviation point in squat of earth gravity line. 2. There is no significant relation between the speed distinctive strength and the variables of heights (H1-H11) and deviations (D1, D2, D3, D6) for each of arms, back and legs muscles. The study recommended the following: 1. Developing the speed distinctive strength of weight lifter because it can be one of the basic elements of weight lifting. 2. The necessity of using weights less than 60% in which may lead to increase the speed distinctive strength for all parts of the body of weight lifter. 3. Conduct another studies on other forms of musculature strength and join them with other biomechanics veriables. 4. Conduct similar studies on basic elements of general physical ability.
We sought to identify and evaluate the tolerance to, and consequences of, short‐term variations in training load in competitive weightlifters. Seven international‐level lifters performed 1 week of ...initial training followed by 2 weeks of intensified (INT: +100%, 36.5 ± 11.3 × 103 kg/week) and 1 week of subsequently reduced (RED: −25%) training within their annual program. After INT, but not RED, 90 min of weightlifting increased mRNA levels of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and cellular stress‐associated DNA‐damage‐inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 40–240%. Resting‐ and weightlifting‐induced changes in plasma protein carbonyls, indicative of oxidative stress, but not pro‐inflammatory CCL4 concentrations differed between INT and RED. Symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire) were reported as worse than normal more frequently during INT and RED than initial training. Global (negative) mood state increased during INT and declined during RED. Maximal snatch (−4.3 ± 3.7%) and vertical jump (−7.2 ± 6.5%), but not clean and jerk, were reduced after INT and restored after RED. Chemokine signaling may thus be part of the stress response to intense weightlifting and short‐term reductions in training load support recovery from periodic INT training in weightlifters.
Conservation and management of forest ecosystems are currently largely conflicting goals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. At present, all parts of the Atlantic Forest are protected and ...commercial logging is highly restricted. However, sustainable forest management systems can offer significant income opportunities for landholders, and thereby actively support the process of ecosystem rehabilitation and protection of the Atlantic Forest. This research is intended to contribute to enhancing the development of environmentally sound forest management alternatives in the Atlantic Forest biome. Through a case study, the harvesting impact of a conventional harvesting method (CM) was evaluated and compared with an alternative and improved harvesting method (AM), performed by a well-trained professional chainsaw operator experienced in reduced impact logging techniques, and included the use of a snatch block and a skidding cone. Following a full pre-harvest inventory, 110 different tree species were identified. The harvesting impact on the residual stand was classified and evaluated through a successive post-harvest inventory. Damage maps were developed based on interpolation of tree damage intensities with the triangular irregular networks (TIN) methodology. Our results showed noticeable high rates of tree hang-ups, observed for both harvesting methods. Furthermore, the harvesting damaged trees mainly in the lower diameter at breast height (DBH) classes. In comparison to winching, the felling process caused most of the damage to remnant trees for both methods, at 87% (CM) and 88% (AM). The number of damaged trees (above 11.9 cm DBH) per harvested tree, for CM, ranged from 0.8 trees to 2.5 trees and, for AM, ranged from 0.6 trees to 2.2 trees. Improvements of the AM method (operator skills, skidding cone and snatch block) over CM allowed for a reduction of the damaged basal area, a reduction of the “high damaged area” per plot, and a reduction of the winching disturbed ground area. Nonetheless, a suitable harvesting system should consider further improvements in the felling technique, and additionally integrate the local knowledge of CM regarding forest and tree species with the technical improvements of AM.
Lean mass and quadriceps muscle architecture have been associated with performance in male well-trained weightlifters, but no data exist for female weightlifters. The aim of the study is to ...investigate the relationship between lean mass, quadriceps cross sectional area (CSA), and muscle architecture with weightlifting performance in female weightlifters. Eight well-trained female weightlifters (age 23.5 ± 6.3 years, maximum total lifting performance = 147.4 ± 34.1 kg) participated in the study. Five of the athletes were members of the national team and three were among the nation's top-five performers of the respective body-weight category. Measurements included maximum lifting performance in snatch and clean and jerk, body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture, vastus intermedius (VI) muscle thickness and quadriceps muscles' CSA and countermovement jump (CMJ). Very large to nearly perfect correlations were found between snatch and clean and jerk for trunk lean body mass (r = 0.959 and 0.929), for total CSA (r = 0.732 and 0.608), and CMJ power (r = 0.933 and 0.896). These results suggest that lean body mass, quadriceps' CSA and CMJ should be monitored regularly in female weightlifters to detect potential modifications in lifting performance.
The study has aimed into:
1. Identifying the values of Maximum strength of legs ,arms ,back and achievement in Snatch lift for the team of Nineveh Region In weightlifting.
Identifying the values of ...some mechanical variables for the trajectory of the Bar (heights, deviations ,time, distance, displacement, Speed velocity, Maximum velocity,
2. Identifying the values of Maximum strength of legs ,arms ,back and achievement in Snatch lift for the team of Nineveh Region In weightlifting.
3. Identifying the values of some mechanical variables for the trajectory of the Bar (heights, deviations ,time, distance, displacement, Speed velocity, Maximum velocity, acceleration, force, Work, Power, Momentum) of all phased in snatch lift for the team of Nineveh Region In weightlifting.
4. Identifying the relationship between the maximum strength of legs arms ,back with mechanical variables of the trajectory of the Bar(heights, deviations, Work, Power, Momentum) and performance in Snatch lift for the team of Nineveh Region In weightlifting.
The research has hypothesized the following:
1. there were significant correlation between maximum strength for arms, back, and legs, and the mechanical variables for the trajectory of the bar during snatch lift for the weightlifters of Nineveh Region.
2. there were significant correlation between (the maximum strength for arms, legs, and back) and achievement (absolute & relative) in the snatch lift for the weightlifter of Nineveh Region.
Methods :The researchers have adopted the descriptive methodology. The sample was (6) weightlifters from the advanced category. They have been chosen deliberately because they were getting the advanced stages in the championships of the country.
The researchers have used the scientific technical observation ,questionnaire , analysis , and measurement for collecting data .
. The following programs have been used in the analysis : ( I film Edit 1,3 , Image ready 8 , ACD See 10,Adobe photo shop 8 , and Excel ).
The researchers have processed the data statistically by using SPSS (the arithmetical mean, the standard deviation ,percentile, and simple correlation coefficient.
The researchers have concluded the following :
1. The increase of Maximum strength for arms help to reduce deviation (D3,D4 ,D5).
2. The increase of Maximum Strength for legs help to increase Work sign (displacement and distance) through phases Snatch W1, W4.
3. The Power increase in phase after full extension to increase Maximum Strength for legs.
4. The Momentum increase in phases for Snatch (M2,M3,M4,M5) to increase Maximum Strength for legs.
5. The Momentum increase in snatch lift phases by the increase of Maximum Strength for legs , back, and arms.
6. The absence of any significant correlation between Max. Strength for legs ,arms, and back with remaining other Variables.
The researchers have recommended some recommendations.
1. emphasizing on the increasing the muscular strength and developing it for the weightlifters equally, for arms, legs, and back. Because its effect on the mechanical values and trajectory of the bar.
2. developing the strength of the muscular for the arms through the exercising, as well as its role in the success of the snatch by decreasing the deviation of the weight during the snatch lift.
Monitoring tests are commonly used to assess weightlifter's preparedness for competition. Although various monitoring tests have been used, it is not clear which test is the strongest indicator of ...weightlifting performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) determine the relationships between vertical jump, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and weightlifting performance; and (2) compare vertical jumps to IMTP as monitoring tests of weightlifting performance in a large cohort of male and female weightlifters.
Fifty-two competitive weightlifters (31 males, 21 females) participated in squat and countermovement jump testing (SJ, CMJ), and IMTP testing performed on force plates. All laboratory testing data was correlated to a recent competition where the athletes had attempted to peak.
Squat jump height (SJH) was the strongest correlate for men and women with the Sinclair Total (
0.686,
≤ 0.01;
0.487,
0.05, respectively) compared to countermovement jump height (
0.642,
0.01;
0.413,
0.063), IMTP peak force allometrically scaled to body mass (
0.542,
0.01;
−0.044,
0.851) and rate of force development at 200 ms (
0.066,
0.723;
0.086,
0.711), respectively. Further, SJH was a stronger correlate of relative weightlifting performance compared to IMTP peak force in females (
0.042), but not male weightlifters (
0.191).
Although CMJ and IMTP are still considered strong indicators of weightlifting performance, SJH appears to be the most indicative measure of weightlifting performance across a wide-range of performance levels. Thus, SJH can be used as a reliable measure to monitor weightlifting performance in male and female weightlifters.
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