In this paper, we use a social support perspective and hypothesize that the scope of start-up activities is positively associated with two types of instrumental family support, financial and social ...capital. We further argue that the effect of instrumental family support is enhanced by the level of emotional support, in the form of family cohesiveness. To test our hypotheses, we draw from the 2011 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS), a survey of university students from 19 countries. We focus on those nascent entrepreneurs who are in the process of starting their new venture (n=12,399). Our findings indicate that family social capital is positively associated with the scope of start-up activities, family financial capital is negatively associated with the scope of start-up activities, and family cohesiveness amplifies the effect of family social capital on the scope of start-up activities. Theoretical, practitioner, and public policy implications are discussed.
•There is an important and often overlooked supply-side component to youth entrepreneurship.•Family social capital is positively associated with the scope of start-up activities.•Family financial capital is negatively associated with the scope of start-up activities.•Family cohesiveness amplifies the effect of family social capital.•The number of start-up activities is greater when there is both instrumental and emotional social support.
Research Summary
Our inductive field study identifies specific emotion regulation (ER) actions as affective underpinnings of dynamic managerial capabilities. ER refers to the management and ...modification of one's own and other people's emotions for a specific purpose. Our study shows how differences in managers' attention to ER influence the extent to which they can mobilize resources to pursue market opportunities. We show how their ER of the self helps them mobilize human capital resources by creating psychic benefits, whereas their ER of others helps mobilize social capital by facilitating legitimacy judgments. Our emerging theory explains how the capacity for ER constitutes an important foundation of dynamic managerial capabilities and how it is linked with other key conceptual underpinnings of the construct, namely managerial human and social capital.
Managerial Summary
Strategic change processes can be full of ups and downs and have been likened to an emotional roller coaster. In this context, senior managers do not only to have to cope with their own emotions to deal with challenging situations; they also have to pay attention to the emotions of other stakeholders such as employees and investors to maintain or gain these stakeholders' support. Our field study identifies and explains the systematic behaviors that senior managers can use in strategic change contexts to regulate their own emotions as well as those of other stakeholders in order to productively address and overcome difficult business conditions.
•Stewardship is significantly higher in family firms.•Paper investigated extends of stewardship theory's support for family firms; from a practitioners perspective.•The impact of stewardship in ...family firms compared to non-family firms. It empirically tests a sample of 316 firms.
This research aims to investigate the impact of stewardship in family firms compared to non-family firms. Family firms are typically the dominant business in many countries, yet, the nature, structure, and management can lead to unique behavioural variations compared to non-family firms. This study empirically tests a sample of 316 firms (163 family firms and 153 non-family firms) in Iran. The findings empirically support that stewardship is significantly higher in family firms, and highlights stewardship capabilities as a unique competitive advantage. In this way, the study makes an essential contribution to both theory and practice. For theory, the study has added weight to the importance of the stewardship theory for family businesses. For practice, the study highlights how encouraging and developing stewardship capabilities in family firms offers a unique strategic competitive advantage.
Abstract
Based on qualitative data drawn from Latino elites, Latino entrepreneurs, and two Latino banks in Los Angeles, we theorize the concept of ethnoracial capitalism, which occurs within ...racialized groups when group members commodify ethnicity through the sale of culturally-specific goods or when institutions and services are imbued with ethnicity and assumed to form the basis of profitable financial exchanges. We investigate why Latino elites establish Latino-centric banks, and we draw on the perspectives of Latino-elites and middle- and upper-class entrepreneurs to examine whether shared ethnoracial and class resources breed solidarity between Latino elite-owned and -operated banks and the Latino entrepreneurs they target. We find that structural constraints, the state, and class conflict thwarts the possibility of sustaining banking practices rooted in ethnoracial solidarity. Our research provides insights into the fraught intra-ethnic relationships that can occur within ethnoracial capitalistic endeavors that are situated within racist racial projects, such as the U.S. banking system. Ultimately, the sole presence of capital and ethnic financial institutions in minoritized communities does not remedy economic inequalities born of White supremacist racial projects and racially stratified systems, such as U.S. financial markets.
Digital outcome divide, the inequality of the outcomes of exploiting and benefitting from the ICT access and usage, has been raised as a severe concern of the e-learning practices during the COVID-19 ...pandemic. This study drew on capital theory and related literature and conducted a survey of 492 Chinese middle school students to explore: (1) whether a digital outcome divide exists between rural and urban students under the e-learning condition during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) if it does, how does students’ every form of capital impact the digital outcome divide. Our results revealed several important findings. First, we confirmed the existence of the digital outcome divide between rural and urban students, as rural students reported lower levels of behavioral engagement in e-learning courses compared to their urban peers. Second, we found that differences exist between rural and urban students in habitus (i.e., intrinsic motivation) and forms of capital, including cultural (i.e., e-learning self-efficacy) and social capital (i.e., parental support and teacher support), which are the main causes of the digital outcome divide. Third, a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis further confirmed that those factors could explain the major parts of the digital outcome divide between urban and rural students and that e-learning self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and parental support were the most dominant factors contributing to the rural-urban digital outcome divide in the e-learning context. Our study provides several important theoretical and managerial implications for researchers and educators.
•Existence of third-level digital divide is confirmed in the e-learning context.•Individual-level contextual factors influence students' e-learning outcome.•Individual-level contextual factors mostly determine the digital outcome divide.
Enhancing farm resilience has become a key policy objective of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to help farmers deal with numerous interrelated economic, environmental, social, and ...institutional shocks and stresses. A central theme in resilience thinking is the role of the unknown, implying that knowledge is incomplete and that change, uncertainty, and surprise are inevitable. Important strategies to enhance resilience are exploiting social capital and learning as these contribute to improved knowledge to prepare farmers for change.
This paper explores how social capital and learning relate to farm resilience along the dimensions of robustness, adaptation, and transformation.
We study the resilience of Dutch arable farmers from the Veenkoloniën and Oldambt using a combination of four methods. Qualitative data from semi-structured farmer interviews, focus groups, and expert interviews are combined with quantitative data from farmer surveys. The qualitative data are analysed using thematic coding. Non-parametric tests are used to analyse the quantitative data. Based on methodological triangulation, we mostly find convergence in our qualitative and quantitative datasets increasing the validity of our findings.
The results reveal that social capital and learning help farmers to adapt and are, in certain cases, also related to robustness and transformations. Robust farmers often learned by exploiting farmers' informal social networks, primarily relying on bonding social capital to acquire knowledge about agriculture or develop financial skills. Farmers undertaking adaptation are characterised by bonding and bridging social capital obtained by formal and informal networks, are early adopters of innovation, and have high self-efficacy. Combinations of bridging and linking social capital from formal networks could foster farmers to learn new ideas and critically reflect on current farm business models. These learning outcomes relate to farm transformations.
This study provides some early results on the dynamic relationship between farmers' social capital and learning and how these concepts are associated with resilience. Our findings are relevant for agricultural policy makers, as we provide recommendations on how social capital and learning have some potential to facilitate farm adaptation and transformation and improve information exchange in Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS).
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•We explore how social capital and learning are related to farm resilience.•We study the robustness, adaptability, and transformability of arable farms using a qualitative and quantitative methods.•Social capital helps farmers to learn, enabling them to obtain more complete information and potentially enhance resilience.•Different combinations of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital relate to robustness, adaptation, and transformation.
This paper examines how entrepreneurs’ social capital facilitates venture capital financing for their start-ups. We consider three dimensions of social capital – i.e., the structural, cognitive and ...relational dimensions – and three stages of the financing decision – i.e., the access, negotiation and action stages. We develop a conceptual model to disentangle the impact mechanisms, namely, the information mechanism of the structural dimension in the access stage, the knowledge mechanism of the cognitive dimension and the trust mechanism of the relational dimension in the negotiation stage. Using China as our experimental setting, we find that the structural and cognitive dimensions facilitate venture capital financing, whereas the relational dimension does not. The results advance our understanding of the interrelationship among the three dimensions of social capital and their impact mechanisms on entrepreneurial financing.
The article discusses the problem of reducing the level of trust in various social institutions, including public authorities. It is shown that this problem is an obstacle to the formation of ...regional social capital. The research purpose is to determine the role of the organizational culture of trust in the process of formation and accumulation of regional social capital. Based on the study, it was found that the integrated level of trust is most observed in the social institution of the family, and the lowest one – in the social institution of the state, this confirms the tendency of a significant decrease in the level of trust in public authorities and, in turn, this prevents the accumulation of social capital in regions. It has been established that today regions face socio-economic challenges, namely: a pandemic, digitalization of social relations, changes in the labor market, the outflow of talented young people to the capital universities, brain drain, “anti-human factor” in enterprises. It is assumed that the most rational response to the challenges will be the development of regional social capital through the organizational culture of trust in enterprises. Moreover, regional social capital can be considered as a set of social capital of citizens with a pro-active attitude, inspiring political leaders, as well as public figures, and social capital of enterprises which organizational culture is based on trust. The article notes that the formation of the organizational culture of trust can contribute to a decrease in staff turnover, an increase in labor productivity, personnel involvement, an increase in the competitiveness of an enterprise, organizational commitment, an increase in business reputation.
Although there has been extensive research on the adverse impacts of perceived discrimination on health, it remains unclear how perceived discrimination gets under the skin. This paper develops a ...comprehensive structural equation model (SEM) by incorporating both the direct effects of perceived discrimination on self-rated health (SRH), a powerful predictor for many health outcomes, and the indirect effects of perceived discrimination on SRH through health care system distrust, neighborhood social capital, and health behaviors and health conditions. Applying SEM to 9880 adults (aged between 18 and 100) in the 2008 Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey, we not only confirmed the positive and direct association between discrimination and poor or fair SRH, but also verified two underlying mechanisms: 1) perceived discrimination is associated with lower neighborhood social capital, which further contributes to poor or fair SRH; and 2) perceived discrimination is related to risky behaviors (e.g., reduced physical activity and sleep quality, and intensified smoking) that lead to worse health conditions, and then result in poor or fair SRH. Moreover, we found that perceived discrimination is negatively associated with health care system distrust, but did not find a significant relationship between distrust and poor or fair SRH.
•We test three pathways linking perceived discrimination to self-rated health (SRH).•Discrimination is associated with enhanced distrust in the health care system.•Discrimination decreases neighborhood social capital, which further hinders SRH.•Discrimination induces risky behaviors that affect health conditions and SRH.•Net of the two pathways above, discrimination is negatively related to SRH.
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