This article analyzes the capacity of policy integration through implementation tools. The research builds on studies on policy implementation, which understand such tools as “the state in action,” ...i.e., instruments through which governments operate and deliver public services (Lascoumes & Le Galès, 2007; Linder & Peters, 1990). The research examines the case of the Brazilian Single Registry for Social Programs (Cadastro Único or CadUnico). The Single Registry is understood as part of a network providing social protection to the Brazilian population in social vulnerability. This work examines CadUnico as a complex system formed of a database and a set of norms and processes that work within the structure of local governments. The system gathers data used to coordinate 20 social programs, helping to select beneficiaries and manage policies that serve 27 million low-income families, reaching almost 80 million people. We adopted the social network analysis as a research method, seeking to answer two main questions: what is the position occupied by the Single Registry in the network of relationships formed by the federal social policies which use it, and what are the conditions and the level of integration which it promotes among these federal user policies? The metrics and sociograms of two distinct timeframes, 2016 and 2018, have demonstrated that, although the Single Register for Social Programs offers elements to promote some integration among public policies, there is no evidence of its effectiveness to this end.
El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de la preferencia y el rechazo entre iguales desde una perspectiva contextual, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes escenarios en los que se ...desarrollan las relaciones sociales. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario sociométrico que combina el método de nominaciones para los diferentes contextos de interacción (académico y ocio) con el método de asignación de atributos perceptivos. La muestra está compuesta por 777 alumnos pertenecientes al 2º y 3.er ciclo de Primaria y al 1.er ciclo de la ESO. Los principales resultados indican que la preferencia y el rechazo están mediatizados por los contextos interpersonales. Así, mientras que la preferencia está marcada por el contexto académico, el rechazo tiene una connotación trans-contextual. Los porcentajes de los diferentes tipos de preferidos y rechazados no varían entre los cursos analizados. Se identifican algunas características conductuales que diferencian a los distintos tipos de alumnos preferidos y rechazados. Se concluye que es necesario realizar análisis sociométricos contextualizados, ya que las relaciones sociales, y por lo tanto el estatus sociométrico, varían en función del escenario en el que se desarrollen. A contextual analysis of peer acceptance and peer rejection at school. The aim of this study is to carry out an analysis of peer acceptance and peer rejection from a contextual perspective, taking into account the different settings in which social relationships develop. A sociometric questionnaire was used that combined the nomination method for different interaction contexts (academic and leisure) with the method of allocation of perceptive attributes. The sample is made up of 777 pupils ranging from the 4th year of primary school to 2nd year of secondary. The main results indicate that acceptance and rejection are influenced by interpersonal contexts. So, whereas peer acceptance is identified with the academic context, peer rejection has a cross-contextual connotation. The percentages of the diverse kinds of acceptance and rejection do not vary among the school courses studied. Some behavioural characteristics that differentiate the kinds of students who are preferred and rejected are identified. In conclusion, contextualised sociometric analyses should be carried out, as social relationships –and therefore, sociometric status– vary depending on the setting in which they take place.
Um dos grandes desafios das empresas é saber como se manterem competitivas no mercado. Nesse sentido surge o conceito de coopetiçâo, que vem da uniâo dos termos "competiçâo" e "cooperaçâo". Bascados ...em autores como Porter (1997) e Nalebuff & Brandenburger (1997), foi feita a construçâo teórica desse artigo que discute a noçâo de competiçâo, cooperaçâo e coopetiçâo. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar como está o panorama das pesquisas nacionais sobre coopetiçâo utilizando o portal da Scientific Periodicals Eletronic Library - SPELL. Para tal análise, foram empregadas técnicas sociométricas, corn o uso do Software Gephi 0.9.1 para construçâo de redes de autoría e coautoria e, análise léxica corn o uso do Software IRaMuTeQ. As redes foram estruturadas com as métricas de densidade, modularidadee diferentes graus de centralidade. Foram encontrados 21 trabalhos, cujos autores em sua maioria originam-se da Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) e possuem como palavras centrais nos textos dos artigos a "coopetiçâo', "rede" e "relaçâo". O autor destaque ñas redes construidasfoi Jamur Marchi, pois possui mais conexöes com os demais pesquisadores e, além disso, desempenha papel de ligaçâo entre os demais núcleos de estudo do tema. O artigo contribui teóricamente no que diz respeito a descoberta de núcleos de pesquisa que estudam o tema da coopetiçâo. Aínda, apresenta os autores que publicam sobre a coopetiçâo na plataforma pesquisada. Como contribuiçâo prática, destaca-se o uso da sociometría e da análise léxica como técnicas de análise de dados que vem a agregar conhecimento na área de administraçao. Palavras-chave: Coopetiçâo; sociometría; análise léxica, redes, SPELL
This paper introduces a single‐item social identification measure (SISI) that involves rating one's agreement with the statement ‘I identify with my group (or category)’ followed by a 7‐point scale. ...Three studies provide evidence of the validity (convergent, divergent, and test–retest) of SISI with a broad range of social groups. Overall, the estimated reliability of SISI is good. To address the broader issue of single‐item measure reliability, a meta‐analysis of 16 widely used single‐item measures is reported. The reliability of single‐item scales ranges from low to reasonably high. Compared with this field, reliability of the SISI is high. In general, short measures struggle to achieve acceptable reliability because the constructs they assess are broad and heterogeneous. In the case of social identification, however, the construct appears to be sufficiently homogeneous to be adequately operationalized with a single item.
At the top of parents' many wishes is for their children to be happy, to be good, and to be well-liked. Our findings suggest that these goals may not only be compatible but also reciprocal. In a ...longitudinal experiment conducted in 19 classrooms in Vancouver, 9- to 11-year olds were instructed to perform three acts of kindness (versus visit three places) per week over the course of 4 weeks. Students in both conditions improved in well-being, but students who performed kind acts experienced significantly bigger increases in peer acceptance (or sociometric popularity) than students who visited places. Increasing peer acceptance is a critical goal, as it is related to a variety of important academic and social outcomes, including reduced likelihood of being bullied. Teachers and interventionists can build on this study by introducing intentional prosocial activities into classrooms and recommending that such activities be performed regularly and purposefully.
Nine studies examined the construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale. The desire for acceptance and belonging correlated with, but was distinct from, variables that involve a desire for social ...contact, such as extraversion and affiliation motivation. Furthermore, need to belong scores were not related to insecure attachment or unfulfilled needs for acceptance. Need to belong was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism and with having an identity that is defined in terms of social attributes. Need to belong was associated with emotional reactions to rejection, values involving interpersonal relationships, and subclinical manifestations of certain personality disorders.
What adaptive function does self-regard serve? Sociometer theory predicts that it positively tracks social inclusion. A new theory, hierometer theory, predicts that it positively tracks social ...status. We tested both predictions with respect to two types of self-regard: self-esteem and narcissism. Study 1 (N = 940), featuring a cross-sectional design, found that both status and inclusion covaried positively with self-esteem, but that status alone covaried positively with narcissism. These links held independently of gender, age, and the Big Five personality traits. Study 2 (N = 627), a preregistered cross-sectional study, obtained similar results with alternative measures of self-esteem and narcissism. Studies 3-4 featured experimental designs in which status and inclusion were orthogonally manipulated. Study 3 (N = 104) found that both higher status and higher inclusion promoted higher self-esteem, whereas only higher status promoted higher narcissism. Study 4 (N = 259) obtained similar results with alternative measures of self-esteem and narcissism. The findings suggest that self-esteem operates as both sociometer and hierometer, positively tracking both status and inclusion, whereas narcissism operates primarily as a hierometer, positively tracking status.
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