This study aims to explore how the perceived impacts of sport tourism mediate the relationship between (1) place image and residents' support for sport tourism development and (2) knowledge about ...tourism and residents' support for sport tourism development. A total of 300 local residents participated in this study. The data were analysed using SmartPLS software. The results show that place image and perceived impacts of sport tourism are positively related to residents' support for sport tourism development. Place image and knowledge about tourism are positively related to the perceived impacts of sport tourism. Additionally, the perceived impacts of sport tourism fully mediate the relationship between knowledge about tourism and residents' support for sport tourism development, and partially mediate the relationship between place image and residents' support for sport tourism development. These findings will offer valuable insight to tourism policy makers in crafting an effective sport tourism development plan to gain residents' support for sport tourism development. Theoretical implications and practical implications are discussed, along with limitations and future research.
The paper discusses methodological and spatial features of an important segment of the recreational and tourist activities - active sport tourism - in terms of geospatial approach (on the example of ...Ukraine). Geospatial approach is considered by the author as the most appropriate methodological approach to the study of active sport tourism geography, as active sport tourism resources are represented, first of all, by the territory and some of located objects, primarily natural and infrastructure facilities. These objects play a dual role in sports tourism. Second, these are attractive objects which tourists want to see: beautiful peaks, glaciers, icefalls, lakes, waterfalls etc. These individual sports tourism objects are “thread” on the lines of sports tourism routes that may be considered as the linear forms of sports tourism activity. Each category of route difficulty corresponds to a certain set of local and extensive obstacles by type, number and category of difficulty. The network of sports tourism routes with extremely attractive objects constitutes sports tourism region. Every active sport tourism region has own specialization in one or more types of sports tourism. If active sport tourism region is considered only as recipient of tourist flows, it acts as the active sport tourism region-destination. Regionalization of Ukraine in terms of certain taxonomic levels (zone - region (region-destination) - hub - object) is an important result of human-geographical study of active sport tourism in Ukraine. Seven active sport tourism zones have been identified in Ukraine based on the defined criteria. Each zone contains from 2 to 4 active sport tourism regions. Empirical studies have been conducted in the Carpathian mountainous active sport tourism region (research tourist groups).
The implementation of tourism promotion activities on a national and international scale and combined with sports activities (sport tourism) is one of the events organized by the North Sumatra ...Provincial government. Analysis of the potential of tourism and sports objects in North Sumatra Province needs to be carried out a thorough study and identify the weaknesses and strengths of the location of these tourism and sports objects. Evaluation research is used to find out what activities have been carried out according to the expected goals. The subjects involved in this study amounted to 17 people consisting of the responsible person, the chief executive and 15 participants. The instruments used were questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis. Based on the sub context program evaluation which includes three things namely: 1) Legal Basis and Government Policy; 2) Purpose; 3) Targets can be categorized as Good. Evaluation of the sub Input program includes four things, namely: 1) Participants, 2) Implementation, 3) Funding, and 4) Committees can be categorized as Good. the evaluation of the sub Process program includes two things, namely: 1) competition regulations and, 2) implementation can be categorized as Good. Evaluation of the sub Process program includes two things, namely: 1) The level of participation and public interest, and 2) The role of the media in the publication and promotion of sports to the public can be categorized as Good. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the sport tourism Triathlon program can increase public interest in participation, the economy and the number of tourists who come because it is supported by government policies.
Sport tourism and its related events have been identified as a unique niche product and South Africa is considered globally as a leading sport event tourism destination. Despite the devastating ...impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector, it is recognised for its resilience and ability to overcome crises thereby creating employment and assisting economies to recover. For this recovery to effectively take place, recovery strategies, frameworks and policies are now a necessity for the sustainability of South Africa as a sport event tourism destination. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of existing published and unpublished literature sources and policy documents in order to identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport event tourism in South Africa and to propose directions for recovery strategies going forward, as well as recommendations for future research areas. In doing so, the current paper has found that through adequate recovery policies, strategies and frameworks, sport event tourism in South Africa can effectively be used as a post pandemic tool for urban regeneration, new business opportunities and a range of positive social impacts for host communities. As the sub sector begins to reopen, recovery strategies that include considerations of risk communication, community engagement, risk mitigation and the hosting of hybrid events are essential for its sustainability. For the effective implementation hereof, additional research is needed in the fields of crises in sport event tourism, the use of technology in the sub sector, as well as collaboration in small scale sport event tourism.
Given that sport tourists usually come to sporting events in groups and are exposed to multiple types of stimuli, the influence of sport tourists' nostalgia on their attitude or behavior can be more ...complex than in other settings. Thus, this study explored how sport tourists' nostalgia toward a sporting event shapes their intentions to engage in related activities when their attitude toward the event functions as a mediator. To this end, data gathered from U.S. sport tourists to college football games were analyzed using a multilevel approach. Results showed that the relationship between nostalgia and intentions concerning college football was fully mediated by attitude toward college football at both individual and group levels. Such findings provide evidence for the positive link between nostalgia and intentions in a sport tourism context as well as for the applicability of the Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourism.
•Sport tourists' nostalgia has positive influence on their intention.•Attitude fully mediates the influence of nostalgia on intention.•Nostalgia Scale for Sport Tourism is shown applicable in a college football context.
This paper reflects upon the development and increased acceptance for heritage becoming a key component of sport tourism research. The original sport heritage typology, as posited by Ramshaw and ...Gammon 2005, More than just Nostalgia? Exploring the heritage/sport tourism nexus. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 10(4), 229-241, is re-examined through a more critical lens, revealing additional dimensions that help augment its key components. More specifically, it is argued that future studies should consider the more intangible features of sport heritage, as well as acknowledging the expanding global nature of sport and its impact upon fandom. Also, the case is made for research to explore the dissonance inherent in much of sports heritage, as well as determining where the power lies in allocating and championing current sport heritages. Lastly, the more general implications to the field of sport tourism are offered with particular regard to motivation, place, and consumption.
The co-creation of the tourist experience in sporting events has received little scientific attention. This study aimed to analyse the influence of co-creation of the tourist experience on the ...memorability of the experience through the attention and involvement of sporting event tourists, and to verify whether this influence changes with the type of experience (i.e. active participant versus spectator). A total of 356 questionnaires was collected at two international cycling events held in Portugal in 2021. The data were analysed with structural equation analysis and a Mann-Whitney test. Co-creation influences attention and involvement, which, in turn, help to explain the relationship between co-creation and memorability, highlighting differences between the two types of experience. For the first time, the on-site co-creation model was applied to sport tourism events. In this touristic context, experiences must be developed through a customized approach based on the creation of hedonic and eudaimonic experiences.
The co-creation of the tourist experience in sporting events has received little scientific attention. This study aimed to analyse the influence of co-creation of the tourist experience on the ...memorability of the experience through the attention and involvement of sporting event tourists, and to verify whether this influence changes with the type of experience (i.e. active participant versus spectator). A total of 356 questionnaires was collected at two international cycling events held in Portugal in 2021. The data were analysed with structural equation analysis and a Mann-Whitney test. Co-creation influences attention and involvement, which, in turn, help to explain the relationship between co-creation and memorability, highlighting differences between the two types of experience. For the first time, the on-site co-creation model was applied to sport tourism events. In this touristic context, experiences must be developed through a customized approach based on the creation of hedonic and eudaimonic experiences.
Resident perceptions of social impacts resulting from hosting large-scale sport tourism events have become important factors for obtaining community-wide event support. However, perception studies ...have been limited due to the lack of valid and reliable instrumentation to measure both positive and negative impacts. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a multidimensional scale to evaluate the perceived social impacts of a large-scale sport tourism event. A questionnaire was developed and tested among host community residents (N = 1567) for the F1 Korean GP in South Korea. The analyses resulted in a six-factor model with 23 items to assess perceived social impacts: (1) economic benefits; (2) community pride; (3) community development; (4) economic costs; (5) traffic problems; and (6) security risks. This study revealed the multi-dimensional nature of perceived social impacts and contributed to a better understanding of how local residents view the impacts associated with a large-scale sport tourism event.
•Conceptualization of the constructs of perceived social impacts and to develop a valid scale.•The Scale of Perceived Social Impacts, a six-factor model with 23 items, was developed through the scale development procedures.•This study revealed the multi-dimensional nature of perceived social impacts associated with sport tourism events.
•Estimation of active sport participants’ annual carbon footprint and influencing factors.•Average carbon footprint is 844.0 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions.•Income is positively associated ...with annual carbon footprint.•Environmentally conscious participants have a lower footprint, but only in individual sports.•‘Environmental value-action gap’ exists in nature and team/racket sports.
Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.
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